Prevalences of asthma and rhinitis among adolescents in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil: temporal changes

Luna, Maria de Fátima Gomes de; Fischer, Gilberto Bueno; Luna, João Rafael Gomes de; Silva, Marcelo Gurgel Carlos da; Almeida, Paulo César de; Chiesa, Daniela

doi:10.1590/S1806-37132013000200003

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • J. bras. pneumol. 39 (2) • Mar-Apr 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132013000200003 copy

Prevalences of asthma and rhinitis among adolescents in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil: temporal changes ^* * Study carried out at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Comparação temporal das prevalências de asma e rinite em adolescentes em Fortaleza, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the prevalences of asthma and rhinitis in adolescents (13-14 years of age) in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2010, comparing the results with those obtained in a prevalence survey conducted in 2006-2007.

METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study involving probabilistic samples of 3,015 and 3,020 adolescents in surveys conducted in 2006-2007 and 2010, respectively. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol was used on both occasions.

RESULTS:

Comparing the two periods, there were no significant differences regarding cumulative wheezing, active asthma, four or more wheezing attacks within the last year, sleep disturbed by wheezing more than one night per week, and speech-limiting wheezing. The prevalences of exercise-induced wheezing, dry cough at night, and physician-diagnosed asthma were significantly higher in 2010 than in the 2006-2007 period (p < 0.01 for all). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed rhinitis was significantly lower in 2010 (p = 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences between the two periods regarding cumulative rhinitis, current rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis. In both periods, dry cough at night, current rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis were significantly more prevalent in females than in males (p < 0.01 for all). Also in both periods, active asthma, current rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis were more prevalent in private school students than in public school students (p < 0.01 for all).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data show that the prevalences of asthma and rhinitis symptoms remain high among 13- and 14-year-olds in Fortaleza, predominantly among females and private school students.

Asthma/epidemiology; Rhinitis/epidemiology; Adolescent

Variable	Period	p
2006-2007			2010
(n = 3,015)			(n = 3,020)
n	%		n	%
Age							0.34
	13 years	1,575	52.2		1,614	53.4
	14 years	1,440	47.8		1,406	46.6
School							< 0.01
	Public	2,165	71.8		2,559	84.7
	Private	850	28.2		461	15.3
Gender							0.89
	Male	1,372	45.5		1,369	45.3
	Female	1,643	54.5		1,651	54.7
Cumulative wheezing		1,329	44.1		1,326	44.5	0.74
Current wheezing (active asthma)		682	22.6		708	23.4	0.44
Number of attacks within the last 12 months
	1-3	528	17.5		547	18.1	0.54
	≥ 4	68	2.3		83	2.7	0.22
Sleep disturbed by wheezing
	< 1 night per week	204	6.8		198	6.6	0.74
	≥ 1 night per week	105	3.5		106	3.5	0.95
Speech-limiting wheezing		105	3.5		109	3.6	0.79
Exercise-induced wheezing		759	25.2		855	28.8	< 0.01
Dry cough at night		1,036	34.4		1,136	37.9	< 0.01
Physician-diagnosed asthma		350	11.6		433	14.5	< 0.01
Cumulative rhinitis		1,710	56.7		1,688	57.1	0.78
Current or active rhinitis		1,303	43.2		1,279	42.4	0.49
Rhinoconjunctivitis (allergic rhinitis)		565	18.7		535	17.7	0.30
Rhinitis-related impairment of daily activities
	None	567	18.8		590	19.5	0.47
	Mild	581	19.3		582	19.3	0.99
	Moderate	81	2.7		81	2.7	0.99
	Severe	60	2.0		37	1.2	0.01
Physician-diagnosed rhinitis		609	20.2		520	17.6	0.01

Symptom	2006-2007	p	2010	p
Total		Public		Private	Total		Public		Private
(n = 3,015)		(n = 2,165)		(n = 850)	(n = 3,020)		(n = 2,559)		(n = 461)
n°	%		n°	%		n°	%	n°	%		n°	%	n°	%
Cumulative wheezing		1,329	44.1		907	41.9		422	49.6	< 0.01	1,326	44.5	1,071	42.4	255	56.3	< 0.01
Active asthma		682	22.6		442	20.4		240	28.2	< 0.01	708	23.4	548	21.4	160	34.7	< 0.01
Number of attacks within the last 12 months
	1-3	528	17.5		334	15.4		194	22.8	< 0.01	547	18.1	424	16.6	123	26.7	< 0.01
	≥ 4	68	2.3		34	1.6		34	4.0	< 0.01	83	2.7	60	2.3	23	5.0	0.01
Sleep disturbed by wheezing
	< 1 night/week	204	6.8		140	6.5		64	7.5	0.29	198	6.6	162	6.3	36	7.8	0.23
	≥ 1 night/week	105	3.5		82	3.8		23	2.7	0.14	106	3.5	80	3.1	26	5.6	< 0.01
Speech-limiting wheezing		105	3.5		70	3.2		35	4.1	0.23	109	3.6	87	3.4	22	4.8	0.14
Exercise-induced wheezing		759	25.2		522	24.1		237	27.9	0.03	855	28.8	707	28.1	148	32.4	0.06
Dry cough at night		1,036	34.4		721	33.3		315	37.1	0.05	1.136	37.9	941	37.0	195	42.6	0.02
Physician-diagnosed asthma		350	11.6		220	10.2		130	15.3	< 0.01	433	14.5	353	13.9	80	17.5	0.04
Cumulative rhinitis		1,710	56.7		1.132	52.3		578	68.0	< 0.01	1,688	57.1	1,378	55.1	310	67.8	< 0.01
Current or active rhinitis		1,303	43.2		822	38.0		481	56.6	< 0.01	1,279	42.4	1.021	39.9	258	56.0	< 0.01
Rhinoconjunctivitis		565	18.7		336	15.5		229	26.9	< 0.01	535	17.7	417	16.3	118	25.6	< 0.01
Rhinitis-related impairment of daily activities
	None	567	18.8		314	14.5		253	29.8	< 0.01	590	19.5	454	17.7	136	29.5	< 0.01
	Mild	581	19.3		404	18.7		177	20.8	0.17	582	19.3	480	18.8	102	22.1	0.09
	Moderate	81	2.7		52	2.4		29	3.4	0.12	81	2.7	65	2.5	16	3.5	0.25
	Severe	60	2.0		41	1.9		19	2.2	0.54	37	1.2	29	1.1	8	1.7	0.27
Physician-diagnosed rhinitis		609	20.2		326	15.1		283	33.3	< 0.01	520	17.6	365	14.6	155	33.9	< 0.01

Symptom	Public	p	Private	p
2006-2007		2010	2006-2007		2010
n°	%		n°	%	n°	%		n°	%
Cumulative wheezing		907	41.9		1,071	42.4	0.73	422	49.6	255	56.3	0.02
Active asthma		442	20.4		548	21.4	0.40	240	28.2	160	34.7	0.01
Number of attacks within the last 12 months
	1-3	334	15.4		424	16.6	0.28	194	22.8	123	26.7	0.11
	≥ 4	34	1.6		60	2.3	0.05	34	4.0	23	5.0	0.40
Sleep disturbed by wheezing
	< 1 night/week	140	6.5		162	6.3	0.84	64	7.5	36	7.8	0.85
	≥ 1 night/week	82	3.8		80	3.1	0.21	23	2.7	26	5.6	< 0.01
Speech-limiting wheezing		70	3.2		87	3.4	0.75	35	4.1	22	4.8	0.57
Exercise-induced wheezing		522	24.1		707	28.1	< 0.01	237	27.9	148	32.4	0.08
Dry cough at night		721	33.3		941	37.0	< 0.01	315	37.1	195	42.6	0.05
Physician diagnosed asthma		220	10.2		353	13.9	< 0.01	130	15.3	80	17.5	0.29
Cumulative rhinitis		1,132	52.3		1,378	55.1	0.05	578	68.0	310	67.8	0.95
Current or active rhinitis		822	38.0		1,021	39.9	0.17	481	56.6	258	56.0	0.82
Rhinoconjunctivitis		336	15.5		417	16.3	0.46	229	26.9	118	25.6	0.59
Rhinitis-related impairment of daily activities
	None	314	14.5		454	17.7	< 0.01	253	29.8	136	29.5	0.92
	Mild	404	18.7		480	18.8	0.93	177	20.8	102	22.1	0.58
	Moderate	52	2.4		65	2.5	0.76	29	3.4	16	3.5	0.95
	Severe	41	1.9		29	1.1	0.03	19	2.2	8	1.7	0.54
Physician-diagnosed rhinitis		326	15.1		365	14.6	0.66	283	33.3	155	33.9	0.82

Symptom		2006/2007						p	2010						p
		Total		Male		Female			Total		Male		Female
		(n = 3,015)		(n = 1,372)		(n = 1,643)			(n = 3,020)		(n = 1,369)		(n = 1,651)
		n°	%	n°	%	n°	%		n°	%	n°	%	n°	%
Cumulative wheezing		1,329	44.1	561	40.9	768	46.7	< 0.01	1,326	44.5	554	41.1	772	47.3	< 0.01
Active asthma		682	22.6	275	20.0	407	24.8	< 0.01	708	23.4	303	22.1	405	24.5	0.48
Number of attacks within the last 12 months
	1-3	528	17.5	206	15.0	322	19.6	< 0.01	547	18.1	235	17.2	312	18.9	0.21
	≥ 4	68	2.3	29	2.1	39	2.4	0.63	83	2.7	31	2.3	52	3.1	0.13
Sleep disturbed by wheezing
	< 1 night/week	204	6.8	58	4.2	146	8.9	< 0.01	198	6.6	74	5.4	124	7.5	0.02
	≥ 1 night/week	105	3.5	39	2.8	66	4.0	0.08	106	3.5	39	2.8	67	4.1	0.07
Speech-limiting wheezing		105	3.5	40	2.9	65	4.0	0.12	109	3.6	46	3.4	63	3.8	0.50
Exercise-induced wheezing		759	25.2	343	25.0	416	25.3	0.84	855	28.8	357	26.1	498	30.2	0.01
Dry cough at night		1,036	34.4	376	27.4	660	40.2	< 0.01	1,136	37.9	424	31.0	712	43.1	< 0.01
Physician-diagnosed asthma		350	11.6	168	12.2	182	11.1	0.31	433	14.5	199	14.5	234	14.2	0.77
Cumulative rhinitis		1,710	56.7	676	49.3	1,034	62.9	< 0.01	1,688	57.1	678	49.5	1010	61.2	< 0.01
Current or active rhinitis		1,303	43.2	494	36.0	809	49.2	< 0.01	1,279	42.4	498	36.4	781	47.3	< 0.01
Rhinoconjunctivitis		565	18.7	193	14.1	372	22.6	< 0.01	535	17.7	185	13.5	350	21.2	< 0.01
Rhinitis-related impairment of daily activities
	None	567	18.8	48	3.5	93	5.7	< 0.01	590	19.5	253	18.5	337	20.4	0.18
	Mild	581	19.3	223	16.3	358	21.8	< 0.01	582	19.3	201	14.7	381	23.1	< 0.01
	Moderate	81	2.7	25	1.8	56	3.4	< 0.01	81	2.7	39	2.8	42	2.5	0.60
	Severe	60	2.0	23	1.7	37	2.3	0.26	37	1.2	13	0.9	24	1.5	0.21
Physician-diagnosed rhinitis		609	20.2	241	17.6	368	22.4	< 0.01	520	17.6	214	15.6	306	18.5	0.03

Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia SCS Quadra 1, Bl. K salas 203/204, 70398-900 - Brasília - DF - Brasil, Fone/Fax: 0800 61 6218 ramal 211, (55 61)3245-1030/6218 ramal 211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: jbp@sbpt.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence to: Maria de Fátima Gomes de Luna Avenida Engenheiro Santana Júnior, 2977, Condomínio Flamboyant du Parc, apto. 401 CEP 60192-205, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil Tel. 55 85 3224-3423 E-mail: fatimaluna@terra.com.br

Brasil

Brasil

Prevalences of asthma and rhinitis among adolescents in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil: temporal changes * * Study carried out at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Comparação temporal das prevalências de asma e rinite em adolescentes em Fortaleza, Brasil

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSIONS:

Prevalences of asthma and rhinitis among adolescents in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil: temporal changes ^* * Study carried out at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil.