Correlates of experimentation with smoking and current cigarette
               consumption among adolescents

Bonilha, Amanda Gimenes; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio; Sicchieri, Mayara Piani; Achcar, Jorge Alberto; Rodrigues-Júnior, Antonio Luiz; Baddini-Martinez, José

doi:10.1590/S1806-37132014000600007

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Articles • J. bras. pneumol. 40 (6) • Nov-Dec 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132014000600007 copy

Correlates of experimentation with smoking and current cigarette consumption among adolescents^* * Study carried out at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil ^ A versão completa em português deste artigo está disponível em www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to analyze social characteristics and stress as correlates of cigarette smoking in adolescence. The main intent was to identify elements that distinguish adolescents who had experimented with smoking and did not progress to regular smoking from those who became current smokers.

METHODS:

Students at 10 high schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, completed a questionnaire based on an instrument employed in a similar large-scale study. The students were classified as never-smokers or experimenters. The experimenters were subcategorized as having become current smokers or nonprogressors. Analyses were performed using adjusted logistic models.

RESULTS:

A total of 2,014 students (mean age, 16.2 ± 1.1 years; females, 53%) completed the questionnaire. We categorized 1,283 students (63.7%) as never-smokers, 244 (12.1%) as current smokers, and 487 (24.2%) as nonprogressors. We found that experimentation with smoking was associated with being held back a grade in school (OR = 1.80), alcohol intake (low/occasional, OR = 8.92; high/regular, OR = 2.64), illicit drug use (OR = 9.32), having a sibling or cousin who smokes (OR = 1.39), having a friend who smokes (OR = 2.08), and high levels of stress (in females only, OR = 1.32). Factors associated with an increased risk of transitioning from experimenter to current smoker were alcohol intake (low/occasional, OR = 3.28; high/regular, OR = 2.16), illicit drug use (OR = 3.61), and having a friend who smokes (OR = 7.20).

CONCLUSIONS:

Current smoking was associated with a profile of socioeconomic correlates different from that associated with experimentation only. Our data (showing that current smoking was associated with having a friend who smokes, alcohol intake, and illicit drug use) suggest the need for comprehensive approaches to discourage substance use during adolescence.

Smoking; Tobacco use; Adolescent behavior; Stress, psychological

Characteristic	Category	n (%)
Gender	Female	1067 (53)
Gender	Male	947 (47)
Smoking status	Never-smoker	1283 (63.7)
	Current smoker	244 (12.1)
	Nonprogressor	487 (24.2)
	Experimenter	731 (36.3)
Age, years	≤ 14	96 (4.8)
	15	476 (23.6)
	16	683 (33.9)
	17	591 (29.3)
	≥ 18	168 (8.3)
Religious	No	265 (13.2)
Religious	Yes	1749 (86.8)
Held back a grade in school	No	1691 (84)
Held back a grade in school	Yes	323 (16)
Personal income	No	1544 (77)
Personal income	Yes	470 (23)
Alcohol intake	None	687 (34.1)
	Low or occasional	1085 (53.9)
	Heavy or regular	242 (12)
Illicit drug use	Never	1898 (94.2)
Illicit drug use	Ever	116 (5.8)
Parent/guardian who smokes	No	1164 (58.5)
Parent/guardian who smokes	Yes	827 (41.5)
Parental conditions	I	1315 (65.3)
	II	554 (27.5)
	III	145 (7.2)
Parent/guardian years of schooling	≤ 9	619 (35.6)
	9-12	727 (41.8)
	> 12	392 (22.6)
Sibling or cousin who smokes	No	1179 (58.5)
Sibling or cousin who smokes	Yes	835 (41.5)
Friend who smokes	No	715 (35.5)
Friend who smokes	Yes	1299 (64.5)
Socioeconomic class	A	257 (15)
	B	1118 (65.2)
	C	333 (19.4)
	D	6 (0.4)
Smoking allowed in the home	No	1374 (68.2)
Smoking allowed in the home	Yes	640 (31.8)
Stress level (PSS-10 score)	High (≥ 17)	1080 (53.6)
Stress level (PSS-10 score)	Low (< 17)	934 (46.4)

Variable	Comparison	OR	95% CI	p
Gender	Male vs. Female	1.08	0.85-1.38	0.52
Age, years	15 vs. ≤ 14	0.97	0.52-1.82	0.92
	16 vs. ≤ 14	0.98	0.53-1.81	0.95
	17 vs. ≤ 14	0.98	0.53-1.81	0.94
	≥ 18 vs. ≤ 14	1.35	0.65-2.79	0.42
Religious	Yes vs. No	1.05	0.74-1.49	0.78
Held back a grade in school	Yes vs. No	1.80	1.28-2.53	< 0.01
Personal income	Yes vs. No	0.81	0.62-1.06	0.13
Alcohol intake	Low/occasional vs. None	8.92	5.83-13.64	< 0.01
Alcohol intake	High/regular vs. None	2.64	1.99-3.51	< 0.01
Illicit drug use	Ever vs. Never	9.32	4.48-19.39	< 0.01
Parent/guardian who smokes	Yes vs. No	0.96	0.76-1.22	0.74
Parental conditions	I vs. II	1.20	0.92-1.56	0.18
Parental conditions	I vs. III	0.89	0.57-1.40	0.62
Parent/guardian years of schooling	> 12 vs. ≤ 9	1.10	0.77-1.57	0.59
Parent/guardian years of schooling	≤ 12 vs. ≤ 9	1.02	0.75-1.38	0.91
Sibling or cousin who smokes	Yes vs. No	1.39	1.10-1.75	< 0.01
Friend who smokes	Yes vs. No	2.08	1.60-2.71	< 0.01
Socioeconomic class	A vs. D	0.65	0.10-4.24	0.65
	B vs. D	0.63	0.10-3.99	0.62
	C vs. D	0.68	0.11-4.30	0.68
Smoking allowed in the home	Yes vs. No	1.19	0.93-1.52	0.17
Stress level (PSS-10 score)	High (≥ 17) vs. Low (< 17)	1.32	1.04-1.68	0.02

Variable	Comparison	Male			Female
Variable	Comparison	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Age, years	15 vs. ≤ 14	0.92	0.36-2.38	0.86	0.90	0.38-2.14	0.81
	16 vs. ≤ 14	0.70	0.28-1.76	0.45	1.15	0.50-2.67	0.75
	17 vs. ≤ 14	0.76	0.30-1.93	0.56	1.06	0.45-2.47	0.89
	≥ 18 vs. ≤ 14	1.25	0.43-3.69	0.68	1.28	0.47-3.51	0.63
Religious	Yes vs. No	0.80	0.49-1.31	0.38	1.48	0.87-2.51	0.15
Held back a grade in school	Yes vs. No	1.66	1.03-2.67	0.04	2.11	1.28-3.46	< 0.01
Personal income	Yes vs. No	0.80	0.55-1.18	0.26	0.81	0.55-1.18	0.27
Alcohol intake	Low/occasional vs. None	10.05	5.53-18.25	< 0.01	8.40	4.50-15.70	< 0.01
Alcohol intake	High/regular vs. None	3.34	2.19-5.12	< 0.01	2.03	1.37-2.99	< 0.01
Illicit drug use	Ever vs. Never	11.31	4.59-27.89	< 0.01	6.41	1.74-23.69	< 0.01
Parent/guardian who smokes	Yes vs. No	0.76	0.53-1.09	0.13	1.18	0.86-1.63	0.31
Parental conditions	I vs. II	0.92	0.44-1.93	0.82	0.88	0.49-1.57	0.66
Parental conditions	II vs. III	0.98	0.66-1.46	0.93	1.44	1.01-2.06	0.05
Parent/guardian years of schooling	> 12 vs. ≤ 9	1.37	0.78-2.40	0.28	1.05	0.66-1.68	0.84
Parent/guardian years of schooling	≤ 12 vs. ≤ 9	1.32	0.81-2.15	0.27	0.87	0.58-1.31	0.51
Sibling or cousin who smokes	Yes vs. No	1.42	0.99-2.04	0.06	1.41	1.02-1.94	0.04
Friend who smokes	Yes vs. No	1.96	1.32-2.93	< 0.01	2.32	1.62-3.32	< 0.01
Socioeconomic class	A vs. C & D	0.66	0.32-1.35	0.25	1.15	0.61-2.19	0.67
Socioeconomic class	B vs. C & D	0.66	0.40-1.10	0.11	1.18	0.78-1.76	0.44
Smoking allowed in the home	Yes vs. No	1.15	0.80-1.67	0.45	1.19	0.85-1.67	0.30
Stress level (PSS-10 score)	High (≥ 17) vs. Low (< 17)	1.17	0.82-1.66	0.38	1.52	1.08-2.13	0.02

Variable	Comparison	OR	95% CI	p
Gender	Male vs. Female	1.28	0.86-1.90	0.22
Age, years	15 vs. ≤ 14	0.89	0.27-2.96	0.85
	16 vs. ≤ 14	0.90	0.28-2.89	0.86
	17 vs. ≤ 14	1.19	0.37-3.76	0.77
	≥ 18 vs. ≤ 14	1.03	0.29-3.73	0.96
Religious	Yes vs. No	1.02	0.61-1.70	0.95
Held back a grade in school	Yes vs. No	1.11	0.69-1.79	0.68
Personal income	Yes vs. No	1.17	0.77-1.78	0.45
Alcohol use	Low/occasional vs. None	3.28	1.57-6.85	< 0.01
Alcohol use	High/regular vs. None	2.16	1.09-4.29	0.03
Illicit drug use	Ever vs. Never	3.61	2.12-6.14	<0.01
Parent/guardian who smokes	Yes vs. No	1.22	0.82-1.81	0.32
Parental conditions	I vs. II	0.92	0.60-1.40	0.70
Parental conditions	I vs. III	1.91	0.95-3.83	0.07
Parent/guardian years of schooling	> 12 vs. ≤ 9	1.32	0.73-2.41	0.36
Parent/guardian years of schooling	≤ 12 vs. ≤ 9	1.35	0.81-2.26	0.25
Sibling or cousin who smokes	Yes vs. No	1.14	0.77-1.68	0.52
Friend who smokes	Yes vs. No	7.20	3.19-16.28	< 0.01
Socioeconomic class	A vs. D	0.23	0.01-4.92	0.35
	B vs. D	0.19	0.01-3.77	0.27
	C vs. D	0.27	0.01-5.42	0.39
Smoking allowed in the home	Yes vs. No	1.09	0.73-1.61	0.69
Stress level (PSS-10 score)	High (≥ 17) vs. Low (< 17)	0.84	0.56-1.25	0.38

Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia SCS Quadra 1, Bl. K salas 203/204, 70398-900 - Brasília - DF - Brasil, Fone/Fax: 0800 61 6218 ramal 211, (55 61)3245-1030/6218 ramal 211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: jbp@sbpt.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence to: José Baddini-Martinez. Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus Universitário, CEP 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil Tel. 55 16 3602-2531. E-mail: baddini@fmrp.usp.br