Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in adolescents: nine-year
               follow-up study (2003-2012)

Solé, Dirceu; Rosário Filho, Nelson A.; Sarinho, Emanuel S.; Camelo-Nunes, Inês C.; Barreto, Bruno A. Paes; Medeiros, Mércia L.; Franco, Jackeline Motta; Camargos, Paulo A.; Mallol, Javier; Gurgel, Ricardo; Andrade, Djanira M. de; Furlan, Fernanda P.; Silva, Almerinda R.; Cardozo, Cristina; Andrade, Cláudia

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.05.002

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Original Articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 91 (1) • Jan-Feb 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.05.002 copy

Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in adolescents: nine-year follow-up study (2003-2012)^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Solé D, Rosário Filho NA, Sarinho ES, Camelo-Nunes IC, Barreto BA, Medeiros ML, et al. Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in adolescents: nine-year follow-up study (2003-2012). J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:30-5. ^☆☆ ☆☆ Study conducted at the Discipline of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in adolescents (AD; 13-14 years) living in seven Brazilian cities, by applying the standardized written questionnaire (WQ) of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), and to evaluate the time trend nine years after the last assessment of ISAAC phase 3 (ISP3).

METHODS:

The ISAAC-WQ was answered by 20,099 AD from the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions. Values obtained were compared to those observed in ISP3 using nonparametric (chi-squared or Fisher) tests, and the ratio of annual increment/decrement was established for each of the centers, according to the symptom assessed.

RESULTS:

Considering the national data and comparing to values of ISP3, there was a decrease in the mean prevalence of active asthma (18.5% vs. 17.5%) and an increase in the frequency of severe asthma (4.5% vs. 4.7%) and physician-diagnosed asthma (14.3% vs. 17.6%). An increase in prevalence of rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema was also observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in Brazil was variable; higher prevalence values, especially of asthma and eczema, were observed in regions located closer to the Equator.

Asthma; Adolescent; Atopic eczema; Epidemiology; Allergic rhinitis; Rhinoconjunctivitis

Question	Belém		Recife^a		Maceió^a		Aracaju^a
	2003	2012	2003	2012	2003	2012	2003	2012
	n = 1,773	n = 3,708	n = 2,865	n = 1,149	n = 2,745	n = 3,628	n = 3,041	n = 3,009
Wheezing at some time	43.1^b	38.7	37.8^b	32.9	29.5^b	25.2	33.2^b	25.4
Wheezing in 12 months	23.1^b	20.7	19.1	19.6	14.8	13.2	18.7²	12.8
Speech impairment	5.0	6.0	4.1	7.0^b	5.0^b	3.5	6.8^b	3.6
Asthma diagnosis	32.8^b	29.3	18.0	22.5²	13.8	15.8^b	15.4^b	12.7
Wheezing at exercises	21.7	22.5	23.0	22.5	18.9^b	14.6	19.0^b	16.4
Nocturnal cough	45.7	51.1^b	37.3	41.0^b	42.0	40.8	41.3^b	38.3
Nasal symptoms in 12 months	47.4^b	44.2	35.8^b	26.3	26.4	38.8^b	25.6	29.9^b
Rhinoconjunctivitis	28.5	27.9	14.5	17.3^b	13.8	19.2^b	17.4^b	15.4
Skin symptoms	11.8	12.5	10.1	8.4	7.5	8.9^b	11.2^b	7.1
Atopic eczema	6.2	7.9^b	5.0	3.9	4.0	5.1^b	7.9^b	3.4
Wheezing at some time	47.3	45.5	44.6	43.7	40.7	39.8	38.8	35.5^b
Wheezing in 12 months	17.8	19.7	18.7	21.3^b	18.9	17.6	18.5	17.5^b
Speech impairment	4.8	5.0	2.9	4.4^b	3.1	4.5^b	4.5	4.7
Asthma diagnosis	9.8	17.3^b	10.4	13.6^b	9.2	13.1^b	14.3	17.6^b
Wheezing at exercises	18.6	21.7^b	17.0^b	12.1	19.1	19.9	19.4	18.3^b
Nocturnal cough	37.4	39.3	33.3	45.4^b	34.7	42.4^b	38.2	43.0^b
Nasal symptoms in 12 months	26.1	34.1^b	27.4	49.9^b	39.2^b	31.6	31.8	37.2^b
Rhinoconjunctivitis	14.5	18.3^b	12.2	24.5^b	17.2	18.8	16.2	20.6^b
Skin symptoms	9.1	8.3	12.7^b	8.6	6.3	8.8^b	9.6	9.1
Atopic eczema	5.2	5.4	3.6	6.6^b	3.7	5.7^b	5.0	5.6^b

Question	Belém	Recife	Maceió	Aracaju	Belo Horizonte	São Paulo	Curitiba	General
Wheezing at some time	-0.63	-0.54	-0.61	-0.98	-0.20	-0.10	-0.10	-0.41
Wheezing last year	-0.34	0.06	-0.23	-0.74	0.21	0.29	-0.14	-0.13
Speech impairment	0.14	0.32	-0.21	-0.40	0.02	0.26	0.16	0.03
Asthma diagnosis	-0.50	0.50	0.29	-0.34	0.83	0.33	0.43	0.41
Wheezing at exercise	-0.11	-0.06	-0.61	-0.33	0.34	-0.54	0.09	-0.14
Nocturnal cough	0.11	0.41	-0.17	-0.38	0.21	1.34	0.86	0.60
Nasal symptoms in 12 months	-0.46	-1.0	1.77	0.54	0.89	2.50	-0.84	0.68
Nasal and ocular symptoms	-0.09	0.31	0.71	-0.25	0.42	1.37	0.18	0.55
Skin symptoms	0.10	-0.19	0.20	-0.51	-0.09	-0.46	0.28	-0.06
Atopic eczema	0.24	-0.12	0.16	-0.56	0.02	0.33	0.22	0.08

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: alergiainmunologiareumatologia@unifesp.br, dirceu.sole@unifesp.br (D. Solé).