Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students

Cunha, Samara Barreto; Araújo, Rodrigo Cappato de; Oliveira, Jéssica Vanessa Barros de; Mola, Rachel; Pitangui, Ana Carolina Rodarti

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2019.01.002

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 96 (4) • Jul-Aug 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.01.002 copy

Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Cunha SB, Araújo RC, Oliveira JV, Mola R, Pitangui AC. Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:447-55.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and its association with sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors among adolescents and young students, according to gender.

Methods:

The sample consisted of students from the state public school network aged between 12 and 24 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (v. 20.0), using Poisson regression to evaluate the prevalence ratio (PR) of the independent variables in relation to the outcome. p < 0.05 was established as the significance level.

Results:

The final analysis consisted of 1275 adolescents, of whom 716 (56.2%) were girls and 559 (43.8%) were boys. The prevalence of current tobacco use was 6.6% among girls and 9.7% among boys. In females, consuming alcohol in the last 30 days (3.91 [1.54-9.94]) and being 14 years old or younger (0.50 [0.26-0.96]) influenced current tobacco use. In the male gender, tobacco use in the last 30 days was influenced by current alcohol consumption (2.92 [1.21-7.08]) and involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months (2.32 [1.32-4.09]).

Conclusion:

Although the prevalence of current tobacco use was low in both genders, the assessed population still presents a risk, since male involvement in physical fighting and current consumption of alcohol in both genders increased the probability of this population becoming regular tobacco users.

KEYWORDS
Tobacco; Adolescent; Risk behavior

Variables	Female gender			Male gender
Variables	n	%	95% CI	n	%	95% CI
Cigarette smoking experimentation
Yes	139	19.4	16.6-22.5	139	25	21.4-28.8
No	577	80.6	77.5-83.4	417	75	71.2-78.5
Age when started smoking cigarettes
8 years or younger	9	8.9	4.2-16.2	13	11.2	6.1-18.4
9-10 years	5	5.0	1.6-11.2	10	8.6	4.2-15.3
11-14 years	58	57.4	47.2- 67.2	58	50.0	40.6-59.4
15 years or older	29	28.7	20.1-38.6	35	30.2	22.0-39.4
Cigarette smoking at school in the last 30 days
Yes	2	0.3	0.0-1.0	12	2.2	1.1-3.8
No	714	99.7	99.0-100.0	544	97.8	96.3-98.9
Number of cigarettes smoked per day in the last 30 days
Less than 1 cigarette a day	17	37	23.2-52.4	14	28.6	16.6-43.3
1 cigarette a day	19	41.3	27.0-56.8	14	28.6	16.6-43.3
2 to 5 cigarettes a day	9	19.6	9.4-33.9	12	24.5	13.3-38.9
6 to 10 cigarettes a day	-	-	-	3	6.1	1.3-16.9
11 to 20 cigarettes a day	-	-	-	3	6.1	1.3-16.9
More than 20 cigarettes a day	1	2.2	0.1-11.5	3	6.1	1.3-16.9
How did you obtain cigarettes in the last 30 days?
I bought them in a convenience store, bar, supermarket or gas station.	12	23.5	12.8-37.5	31	59.6	45.1-73.0
I gave money for someone to buy them for me.	5	9.8	3.3-21.4	4	7.7	2.1-18.5
I borrowed cigarettes from someone close to me.	2	3.9	0.4-13.5	2	3.8	0.5-13.2
Someone older than 18 years or older gave me cigarettes.	12	23.5	12.8-37.5	3	5.8	1.2-15.9
I took the cigarettes from someone in my family.	9	17.6	8.4-30.9	-	-	-
I obtained the cigarettes in some other way.	11	21.6	11.3-35.3	12	23.1	12.5-36.8
Daily cigarette smoking
Yes	11	1.5	0.8-2.8	19	3.5	2.1-5.4
No	699	98.5	97.2-99.2	529	96.5	94.6-97.9
Attempt to stop smoking in the last 12 months
Yes	26	23.2	15.8-32.1	40	32.5	24.3-41.5
No	86	76.8	67.9-84.2	83	67.5	58.4-75.6

Variables	Female gender			Male gender
Variables	n	%	95% CI	n	%	95% CI
Alcohol consumption in the last 30 days
Yes	34	73.9	58.9-85.7	36	67.9	53.7-80.1
No	12	26.1	14.3-41.1	17	32.1	19.9-46.3
Binge drinking in the last 30 days
Yes	26	56.5	41.1-71.1	30	56.6	42.3-70.1
No	20	43.5	28.9-58.9	23	43.4	29.8-57.7
Feeling excessively sad in the last 12 months
Yes	23	50.0	34.9-65.1	11	20.8	10.8-34.1
No	23	50.0	34.9-65.1	42	79.2	65.9-89.1
Suicide ideation/planning/attempt in the last 12 months
Yes	31	32.6	19.5-48.0	25	48.1	28.7-56.8
No	15	67.4	51.9-80.5	27	51.9	37.6-66.0
Involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months
Yes	14	29.8	17.3-44.9	34	64.2	49.8-76.9
No	33	70.2	55.1-82.3	19	35.8	23.1-50.2
Physically active in the last 7 days
Yes	26	56.5	41.1-71.1	33	63.5	49.0-76.4
No	20	43.5	28.9-58.9	19	36.5	23.6-51.0

Independent variables	Current tobacco use
	Female gender				Male gender
	Yes, n (%)	No, n (%)	Total, n (%)	p-Value	Yes, n (%)	No, n (%)	Total, n (%)	p-Value
Age in years
14 years or younger	10 (3.5)	297 (96.5)	289 (100.0)	0.006^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.	15 (6.6)	211 (93.4)	226 (100.0)	0.044^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.
15 years or older	37 (8.7)	389 (91.3)	426 (100.0)		39 (11.8)	292 (82.8)	331 (100.0)
Religion
Doesn't have a religion	9 (8.4)	98 (91.6)	107 (100.0)	0.383	14 (12.5)	98 (87.5)	112 (100.0)	0.174^b b p ≤ 0.20.
Has a religion	37 (6.2)	564 (93.8)	601 (100.0)		36 (8.3)	396 (91.7)	432 (100.0)
Marital status
Not single	4 (10.3)	35 (89.7)	39 (100.0)	0.310	43 (8.3)	472 (91.7)	515 (100.0)	0.012^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.
Single	42 (6.3)	628 (93.7)	670 (100.0)		7 (24.1)	22 (75.9)	29 (100.0)
Has children
Yes	0 (0.0)	10 (100.0)	10 (100.0)	1.000	1 (12.5)	7 (87.5)	8 (100.0)	0.537
No	44 (6.4)	639 (93.6)	683 (100.0)		47 (9.1)	472 (90.9)	519 (100.0)
Maternal schooling
Up to 8 years of schooling	24 (6.9)	326 (93.1)	350 (100.0)	0.460	28 (10.1)	249 (89.9)	277 (100.0)	0.205
More than 8 years of schooling	11 (5.3)	197 (94.7)	208 (100.0)		10 (6.5)	144 (93.5)	154 (100.0)
Paternal schooling
Up to 8 years of schooling	16 (6.6)	226 (93.4)	242 (100.0)	0.990	19 (9.7)	176 (90.3)	195 (100.0)	0.325
More than 8 years of schooling	16 (6.6)	225 (93.4)	241 (100.0)		14 (7.0)	186 (93)	200 (100.0)
Monthly family income in MW
Up to 3 MW	22 (6.0)	345 (94.0)	367 (100.0)	1.000	20 (7.7)	241 (92.3)	261 (100.0)	0.395
More than 3 MW	4 (6.3)	60 (93.8)	64 (100.0)		7 (10.9)	57 (89.1)	64 (100.0)
Alcohol consumption in the last 30 days
Yes	34 (17.3)	163 (82.7)	197 (100.0)	0.000^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.	36 (23.8)	115 (76.2)	151 (100.0)	0.000^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.
No	12 (2.3)	502 (97.7)	514 (100.0)		17 (4.2)	387 (95.8)	404 (100.0)
Binge drinking in the last 30 days
Yes	26 (20.2)	103 (79.8)	129 (100.0)	0.000^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.	30 (26.3)	84 (73.7)	114 (100.0)	0.000^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.
No	20 (3.4)	562 (96.6)	582 (100.0)		23 (5.2)	419 (94.8)	442 (100.0)
Feeling of sadness in the last 12 months
Yes	23 (11.6)	175 (88.4)	198 (100.0)	0.001 ^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.	11 (12.1)	80 (87.9)	91 (100.0)	0.364
No	23 (4.5)	490 (95.5)	513 (100.0)		42 (9.0)	423 (91.0)	465 (100.0)
Suicide ideation/planning/attempt in the last 12 months
Yes	31 (10.1)	275 (89.9)	306 (100.0)	0.001 ^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.	25 (11.9)	185 (88.1)	210 (100.0)	0.120^b b p ≤ 0.20.
No	15 (3.8)	383 (96.2)	398 (100.0)		27 (7.9)	314 (92.1)	341 (100.0)
Involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months
Yes	14 (15.7)	75 (84.3)	89 (100.0)	0.000 ^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.	34 (20.0)	136 (80.0)	170 (100.0)	0.000^a a p ≤ 0.05 selected to enter the Poisson regression model.
No	33 (5.3)	588 (94.7)	621 (100.0)		19 (4.9)	366 (95.1)	385 (100.0)
Physically active in the last 7 days
Yes	26 (7.9)	302 (92.1)	328 (100.0)	0.165^b b p ≤ 0.20.	33 (9.5)	315 (90.5)	348 (100.0)	0.991
No	20 (5.3)	355 (94.7)	375 (100.0)		19 (9.5)	182 (90.5)	201 (100.0)

Independent variables	Current tobacco use
	Female gender		Male gender
	Adjusted PR(95% CI)	p-Value	Adjusted PR(95% CI)	p-Value
Age in years
14 years or younger	0.50 (0.26-0.96)	0.039^a a p < 0.05.
15 years or older	1
Alcohol consumption in the last 30 days
Yes	3.91 (1.54-9.94)	0.004^a a p < 0.05.	2.92 (1.21-7.08)	0.018^a a p < 0.05.
No	1		1
Involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months
Yes			2.32 (1.32-4.09)	0.003^a a p < 0.05.
No			1

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: carolina.pitangui@upe.br (A.C. Pitangui).

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Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Cunha SB, Araújo RC, Oliveira JV, Mola R, Pitangui AC. Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:447-55.

Abstract

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Cunha SB, Araújo RC, Oliveira JV, Mola R, Pitangui AC. Factors associated with current tobacco use among adolescents and young students. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96:447-55.