Copetti 200777 Copetti R, Cattarossi L. The 'double lung point': an ultrasound sign diagnostic of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Neonatology. 2007;91:203–9.
|
137 |
Case-control study |
premature |
TTN patients and non-TTN patients |
None |
A pediatrician and a cardiologist skilled in lung and heart sonography |
A high-resolution 10MHz linear probe (Megas CVX Esaote Medical Systems, Florence, Italy)and a sector 5- to 7.5-MHz probe, first hour of life |
Double Lung Point |
Yes |
CXR diagnosis |
Grimaldi 201999 Grimaldi C, Michel F, Brévaut-Malaty V, Hassid S, Nicaise C, Puech B, et al. Thoracic ultrasound accuracy for the investigation of initial neonatal respiratory distress. Arch Pediatr. 2019;26:459–65.
|
52 |
Prospective cohort |
newborns |
Newborns who needed a CXR because of respiratory conditions occurring at birth or during the first 24 h of life, and could perform a TUS less than 3 h before or after the CXR. |
Any treatment or event susceptible of changing the chest imaging between TUS and CXR, insufficient quality of the CXR or TUS, and the absence of parents' authorization for their child’s participation |
Six senior neonatologists trained for at least 2 weeks by an experienced senior radiologist. |
A Philips1 HD100 device and one linear 5- to 12-MHz transducer, less than 3 h before or after the CXR |
Interstitial syndrome with either diffuse noncompact B-lines or gradient of echogenicity between inferior and superior areas corresponding to double lung point |
Yes |
Presenting with mild or moderate respiratory distress starting immediately after birth, no significant cyanosis, clinical improvement within 24-72 h, mild hyperinflation on CXRwith perihilar interstitial syndrome, sometimes with pleural effusion or fluid in the fissures. |
Ibrahim 20181010 Ibrahim M, Omran A, AbdAllah NB, Ibrahim M, El-Sharkawy S. Lung ultrasound in early diagnosis of neonatal transient tachypnea and its differentiation from other causes of neonatal respiratory distress. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2018;11:281–7.
|
65 |
Prospective cohort |
newborns |
Near and full-term neonates |
Neonates presented with chest deformity, multiple congenital anomalies or gestational age less than 35 weeks |
One single expert |
A high-resolution linear transducer with a frequency of 7–12 MHz (Philips HD7), within the first 24 h of admission |
Double lung point |
Yes |
Clinical signs of respiratory distress, persistence of tachypnea for at least 12 h, chest X-ray (CXR) consistent with TTN and absence of any other cause of RD. |
Liu 201622 Liu J, Chen XX, Li XW, Chen SW, Wang Y, Fu W. Lung Ultrasonography to Diagnose Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn. Chest. 2016;149:1269–75.
|
886 |
Retrospective cohort |
newborns |
Newborn who underwent lung ultrasonography |
Patients without lung diseases |
One doctor |
GE Voluson E6,E8 and Logiq C9 ultrasound equipment was used. The frequency of the linear array probe was 10-14 MHz.At admission |
Double lung point |
Yes |
Typical clinical symptoms, chest x-ray findings and exclusion and vigilance other reasons for respiratory distress. |
Liu 20141111 Liu J, Wang Y, Fu W, Yang CS, Huang JJ. Diagnosis of neonatal transient tachypnea and its differentiation from respiratory distress syndrome using lung ultrasound. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93:e197.
|
120 |
Case control study |
newborns |
Newborns with TTN and newborns with RDS /no lung disease |
None |
An expert |
GE Volusioni orVolusion E8 (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA) ultrasound instruments and a linear array probe with a frequency of 9.0-12.0 MHz |
Double lung point |
unknow |
Based on medical history, clinical manifestations, arterial blood gas analysis, and CXR examination. |
Rachuri 20171212 Rachuri H, Oleti TP, Murki S, Subramanian S, Nethagani J. Diagnostic Performance of Point of Care Ultrasonography in Identifying the Etiology of Respiratory Distress in Neonates. Indian J Pediatr. 2017;84:267–70.
|
94 |
Prospective cohort |
newborns |
Neonates who underwent x-ray chest and ultrasound (PoC-USG) within 4 h of admission to NICU and the age was less than 24 h after birth. |
Neonates born with major congenital malformations or hydrops |
The research associate |
Philips machine using a linear probe of frequency 10–12 MHz. Ultrasound chest and chest x-ray (CXR) were done within 4 h after admission and within a maximum gap of not more than 4 h between them. |
Normal pleural line and pleural sliding; Associated with the presence of predominant B-lines in the inferior pulmonary fields and less compact B-lines in the superior fields (double lung point)in both lungs, or bilateral presence of numerous noncompact B-lines indicating interstitial engorgement or Normal echogenicity of lungs |
Yes |
Combination of radiological and clinical criteria; Radiological features of prominent peri-hilar vascular markings, edema of the inter-lobar septae, fluid in the fissures, and hyperinflation. Respiratory distress onset at birth and progressively decreasing with time. |
Vergine 20141313 Vergine M, Copetti R, Brusa G, Cattarossi L. Lung ultrasound accuracy in respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of the newborn. Neonatology. 2014;106:87–93.
|
59 |
Prospective cohort |
newborns |
Neonates with respiratory distress that started within the first 24 h after birth |
Patients with a diagnosis of a major congenital malformation, structural heart disease, or chromosomal diseases/syndromes |
A trained neonatologist and external referee |
LUS was done with Vivid-i (GE Medical Systems, Milan, Italy) using a high-resolution 10–12MHz linear probe, with a dedicated preset. Within 1 h after admission |
A normal pleural line and pleural sliding, associated with the presence of very compact B-lines in the inferior pulmonary fields and less compact B-lines in the superior fields (double lung point) in both lungs, or bilateral presence of numerous noncompact B-lines indicating interstitial engorgement. |
Yes |
TTN was diagnosed when the oxygen requirements and respiratory support were mild or moderate, the clinical condition improved within the first 72–96 h after birth, and CXR (if done) appearance was consistent. |
Corsini 20191414 Corsini I, Parri N, Gozzini E, Coviello C, Leonardi V, Poggi C, et al. Lung Ultrasound for the Differential Diagnosis of Respiratory Distress in Neonates. Neonatology. 2019;115:77–84.
|
134 |
Prospective cohort |
newborns |
Infants ≥23 weeks of gestational age and had respiratory distress requiring CXR in the first 24 h of life. |
Lack of parental consent or necessity of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. |
Neonatologist trained in ultrasound |
A Philips CX50 ultrasound machine (Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) using a high-frequency (10–12MHz) linear transducer. |
Normal, thickened, or blurry pleural line, and double lung point or numerous noncompact B-lines |
Yes |
CXR diagnosis |
Chen 20171515 Chen SW, Fu W, Liu J, Wang Y Routine application of lung ultrasonography in the neonatal intensive care unit. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e5826.
|
1692 |
Prospective cohort |
newborns |
Infants with pulmonary disease |
Examination time of cases> 48 h after admission |
A senior neonatal physician proficient in LUS |
A high-frequency linear 10- to 14-MHz probes (GE Voluson E6 or E8 and Logiq C9 ultrasound equipment. Within 48 h after admission |
double lung point |
unknow |
Diagnoses were based on medical history, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, and signs on chest radiography (CR) and/or computed tomography (CT). |