Fröjd et al. (2011)
IF: 1.09 |
To investigate whether the association between anxiety and alcohol and other substances are already evident in the middle adolescence, and whether the general anxiety or social phobia symptoms affects the continuity of frequent use of alcohol, frequent drunkenness, and marijuana use. |
Generalized anxiety
Social phobia
Substance use
Frequency of use
Drunkenness frequency
Use of marijuana |
Anxiety preceded the use of the substance, while no reciprocal associations were observed.
Depression-mediated associations between anxiety and substance use.
Symptoms of social phobia did not increase the incidence of substance use, but overall anxiety.
General anxiety increased the persistence of frequent alcohol use, while co-morbid social phobia decreased its persistence. |
General anxiety in adolescence puts adolescents at risk for substance use. The risk may, however, be associated with depression. Social phobia in middle adolescence may protect against substance use.
Adolescents with symptoms of internalization may need guidance in coping with symptoms, even though the symptoms did not meet the criteria of mood or anxiety disorder.
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Terlecki et al. (2012)
IF: 1.36 |
To evaluate whether socially anxious students showed less change in alcohol use behavior among college students.
|
Social anxiety
Typical drinks
Rules for drinking |
Among students with minor changes in rules, being a member of a group with social anxiety was associated with heavier drinking of typical drinks.
Among students with major changes in rules, being a member of a social anxiety group was not significant. |
Generalized anxiety in middle adolescence puts adolescents at risk for concomitant substance use and subsequently in late adolescence.
The risk may, however, be associated with depression.
Social anxiety and use of alcohol or substance was not observed in middle and late adolescence. |
Dahne et al. (2014)
IF: 1.41 |
To assess whether social phobia symptoms predicted increased likelihood of alcohol use over time. |
Demographic data
Psychopathology
Alcohol use |
There were correlations between the baseline predictors (child's age, child's gender, baseline alcohol use, social phobia symptoms) and waves 1-5 alcohol use
In general, the concurrent associations were low to moderate. |
It highlights the importance of social phobia symptoms in predicting alcohol use over time among young adolescents.
Several future directions within this line of research would be valuable, including expanding the assessed age range to younger children and adolescents/older young adults. |
Zehe et al. (2013)
IF: 1.4 |
To assess the association between social and generalized anxiety symptoms and alcohol and cigarette use in early adolescence and as a precautionary measure (perceived peer use approval) and (perceived use point) descriptive rules may moderate the association. |
Peer norms
Gender differences |
Peer norms were moderated for the association between social anxiety symptoms, generalized anxiety, and the likelihood of alcohol and cigarette use by girls, but not for boys. |
Girls with high levels of social anxiety symptoms were at risk for use when perceived peer approval of use was high, and protected from use when perceived peer approval of use was low.
Profiles of anxiety symptoms and perceived peer approval of use may help identify girls who are potential targets for intervention, but the nature of these interventions is still unclear, since this study did not assess the potential risk mechanisms. |
Terlecki and Buckner (2015)
IF: 1.4 |
Identify cognitive/motivational factors related to drinking in high-risk situations. |
Demographic data
Social anxiety and Reasons to drink |
High social anxiety was associated with greater coping and compliance reasons.
Both coping and compliance motives were mediated, the association between social anxiety to heavy alcohol consumption to negative emotional and personal/intimate contexts. |
Multiple mediation analysis has indicated that to mediate anxiety situations university students drink socially, such that heavy drinking among college students with clinically elevated social anxiety can be attributed jointly to the desire to deal with negative affect and to avoid social scrutiny.
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Blumenthal et al. (2010)
IF: 1.36 |
To assess the reasons for alcohol use among young individuals as a function of social anxiety, associated variables (age, gender, frequency of alcohol use, affective problems) |
Age
Frequency of alcohol use
Affective problems |
High social anxiety was significantly associated with a high level of affective problems, as well as with coping reasons.
Social anxiety was significantly associated with coping motives, so that young individuals who had high social anxiety reported greater motivation to drink for coping-related purposes. |
Socially anxious young individuals endorse higher consumption motives, related to coping issues, a characteristic that may put them at risk for developing alcoholism problems.
Prospective studies focused on clarifying associations between adolescent social anxiety, dealing with reasons for drinking and problematic use of alcohol, with the ultimate goal of designing prevention programs targeting young individuals at risk for social anxiety. |
Wu et al. (2010)
IF: 1.47 |
To assess the use of three substance categories by adolescents (frequent smoking, frequent drinking/heavy use, and use of illicit drugs) in relation to each of the six anxiety disorders (social phobia, agoraphobia, high anxiety disorder/generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder). |
Substance use
Anxiety disorder
Demographics and family factors
Depression |
Social phobia was associated with smoking only among boys. For girls, social phobia appeared to be negatively associated with drug use.
For the other anxiety disorders, associations with substance use tend to be stronger among girls.
There was an association between social anxiety symptoms and alcohol use only in girls. Frequent or heavy drinking was more common among boys than girls, but this difference was only marginally significant. |
The differences between the patterns observed in the study sample of adolescents and the results of studies with adults regarding social phobia to some extent indicate that the association between anxiety disorders and substance use may change from adolescence to adulthood.
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Clerkin and Barnett (2012)
IF: 1.4 |
To test the separate and interactive effects of drinking motives and social anxiety symptoms in predicting drinking and drinking-related problems. |
Social anxiety symptoms
Reasons to drink
Alcohol consumption
Problems with alcohol |
Increased social anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with less alcohol consumption, and there was some evidence that greater social anxiety symptoms were also associated with greater problems with alcohol. |
The main effects of social anxiety symptoms and consumption motives were more influential in predicting consumption outcomes.
Greater social anxiety was associated with greater endorsement of coping and compliance motives, and less endorsement of reasons for enhancement.
Symptoms of social anxiety were associated to lower alcohol consumption, and also with more problems with drinking. |
