Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in obese children and adolescents

Pires, António; Martins, Paula; Paiva, Artur; Pereira, Ana Margarida; Marques, Margarida; Castela, Eduardo; Sena, Cristina; Seiça, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2015.01.011

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Sumário

• J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 91 (6) • Nov-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.01.011 copy

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in obese children and adolescents^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Pires A, Martins P, Paiva A, Pereira AM, Marques M, Castela E, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91:560-6. ^☆☆ ☆☆ Study linked to the Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC); Laboratório de Fisiologia and Laboratório de Estatística, Instituto de Imagem Biomédica e Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra; and to the Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Coimbra, Portugal.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating endothelial progenitor cell count and endothelial activation in a pediatric population with obesity.

Methods

Observational and transversal study, including 120 children and adolescents with primary obesity of both sexes, aged 6-17 years, who were recruited at this Cardiovascular Risk Clinic. The control group was made up of 41 children and adolescents with normal body mass index. The variables analyzed were: age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, E-selectin, asymmetric dimethylarginine and circulating progenitor endothelial cell count.

Results

Insulin resistance was correlated to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ρ = 0.340; p = 0.003), which was directly, but weakly correlated to E-selectin (ρ = 0.252; p = 0.046). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was not found to be correlated to markers of endothelial activation. Systolic blood pressure was directly correlated to body mass index (ρ = 0.471; p < 0.001) and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (ρ = 0.230; p = 0.012), and inversely correlated to adiponectin (ρ = −0.331; p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ρ = −0.319; p < 0.001). Circulating endothelial progenitor cell count was directly, but weakly correlated, to body mass index (r = 0.211; p = 0.016), leptin (ρ = 0.245; p = 0.006), triglyceride levels (r = 0.241; p = 0.031), and E-selectin (ρ = 0.297; p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Circulating endothelial progenitor cell count is elevated in obese children and adolescents with evidence of endothelial activation, suggesting that, during infancy, endothelial repairing mechanisms are present in the context of endothelial activation.

KEYWORDS
Pediatric obesity; C-reactive protein; Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; E-selectin; Asymmetric dimethylarginine; Endothelial progenitor cells

Variable	Obese		Non-obese		p-value
	n	Mean ± SEM	n	Mean ± SEM
Age (years)	120	11.65 ± 0.43	41	12.73 ± 0.27	0.038^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
BMI (kg/m²)	120	28.47 ± 0.44	41	18.93 ± 0.43	<0.001^b b Student's t-test.
sBP (mmHg)	120	116.60 ± 1.16	41	107.77 ± 1.75	<0.001^b b Student's t-test.
dBP (mmHg)	120	61.19 ± 0.69	41	54.95 ± 1.41	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
Leptin (ng/mL)	118	28.97 ± 1.63	41	4.85 ± 0.71	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	95	3.60 ± 0.14	32	5.17 ± 0.41	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
Insulin (UI/mL)	119	12.95 ± 0.73	33	7.32 ± 0.75	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
HOMA-IR	118	2.81 ± 0.17	33	1.54 ± 0.15	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	65	331.54 ± 46.49	31	304.53 ± 48.33	NS
hsCRP (mg/dL)	118	0.2781 ± 0.03	40	0.05 ± 0.09	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
CT (mg/dL)	120	166.86 ± 2.52	41	163.83 ± 5.39	NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)	120	47.33 ± 0.90	41	59.17 ± 2.04	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
LDL-C (mg/dL)	120	96.45 ± 2.44	41	82.71 ± 3.74	0.004^b b Student's t-test.
TG (mg/dL)	120	82.71 ± 4.93	41	59.15 ± 4.28	<0.001^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
ADMA (μmol/L)	76	0.44 ± 0.01	31	0.38 ± 0.02	0.005^a a Mann–Whitney U test.
E-selectin (pg/mL)	77	12.8 ± 0.84	30	9.03 ± 0.92	0.003^b b Student's t-test.
EPCs (numbers)	100	1,565,532.31 ± 56,764.76	29	1,328,311.00 ± 64,449.43	0.007^b b Student's t-test.
Male n (%)	120	61 (50.8%)	41	29 (70.7%)	0.027^b b Student's t-test.

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: pires1961@gmail.com (A. Pires).