Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene associated with maximal fat oxidation and LDL-C levels in non-obese adolescents,

Jesus, Íncare Correa de; Alle, Lupe Furtado; Munhoz, Eva Cantalejo; Silva, Larissa Rosa da; Lopes, Wendell Arthur; Tureck, Luciane Viater; Purim, Katia Sheylla Malta; Titski, Ana Claudia Kapp; Leite, Neiva

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.010

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 94 (4) • Jul-Aug 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.010 copy

Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene associated with maximal fat oxidation and LDL-C levels in non-obese adolescents^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Jesus ÍC, Alle LF, Munhoz EC, Silva LR, Lopes WA, Tureck LV, et al. Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene associated with maximal fat oxidation and LDL-C levels in non-obese adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018;94:425-31. ^,^☆☆ ☆☆ Study carried out at Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

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Abstract

Objective:

To analyze the association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene, maximal fat oxidation rates and the lipid profile levels in non-obese adolescents.

Methods:

72 schoolchildren, of both genders, aged between 11 and 17 years, participated in the study. The anthropometric and body composition variables, in addition to total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, insulin, and basal glycemia, were evaluated. The sample was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of the polymorphism: non-carriers of the Arg64 allele, i.e., homozygous (Trp64Trp: n = 54), and carriers of the Arg64 allele (Trp64Arg + Arg64Arg: n = 18), in which the frequency of the Arg64 allele was 15.2%. The maximal oxygen uptake and peak of oxygen uptake during exercise were obtained through the symptom-limited, submaximal treadmill test. Maximal fat oxidation was determined according to the ventilatory ratio proposed in Lusk's table.

Results:

Adolescents carrying the less frequent allele (Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg) had higher LDL-c levels (p = 0.031) and lower maximal fat oxidation rates (p = 0.038) when compared with non-carriers (Trp64Trp).

Conclusions:

Although the physiological processes related to lipolysis and lipid metabolism are complex, the presence of the Arg 64 allele was associated with lower rates of FATMAX during aerobic exercise, as well as with higher levels of LDL-c in adolescents.

KEYWORDS
Genetic polymorphism; Exercise; Lipid metabolism; Lipolysis; Adolescents

Variable	Trp64Trp (n = 54)	Trp64Arg + Arg64Arg (n = 18)	p
Age (years)	14.57 ± 1.22	14.96 ± 1.27	0.234
Height (m)	1.65 ± 0.09	1.65 ± 0.08	0.786
BM (kg)	59.69 ± 11.52	62.68 ± 11.48	0.320
BMI (kg m⁻¹)^a a Non-parametric variables; p < 0.05.	20.95 (11.06)	21.77 (12.38)	0.300
BMI-z^a a Non-parametric variables; p < 0.05.	0.66 (2.83)	1.12 (3.81)	1.000
AC (cm)	73.58 ± 8.07	74.39 ± 8.51	0.705
INS (µUI/mL)^a a Non-parametric variables; p < 0.05.	8.90 (17.30)	8.70 (19.30)	0.604
GLU (mg/dL)	87.68 ± 10.22	87.85 ± 8.63	0.945
FM (kg)^a a Non-parametric variables; p < 0.05.	14.58 (28.10)	17.90 (25.23)	0.300
LM (kg)^a a Non-parametric variables; p < 0.05.	40.10 (41.34)	42.40 (27.47)	0.604
VO₂peak (L min⁻¹)^a a Non-parametric variables; p < 0.05.	2.49 (2.98)	2.35 (2.02)	0.300
VO₂max (L min⁻¹ kg⁻¹)	43.97 ± 8.24	41.00 ± 8.07	0.167

Variable	Trp64Trp	Trp64Arg Arg64Arg	p
TC (mg/dL)	148.56 ± 23.73	160.36 ± 31.65	0.087
HDL-c (mg/dL)	53.68 ± 9.64	54.91 ± 10.84	0.635
LDL-c (mg/dL)	76.80 ± 17.18	90.32 ± 24.85	0.031^b b p < 0.05.
TG (mg/dL)^a a Non-parametric variables.	77.00 (192.20)	70.00 (122.79)	0.375
FATMAX (kcal/min)^a a Non-parametric variables.	7.78 (8.34)	6.75 (4.21)	0.038^b b p < 0.05.

	TC	HDL-c	LDL-c	TG	FATMAX
Trp64Trp; n = 54
TC (mg/dL)	1.000	0.504^b b p < 0.01.	0.903^b b p < 0.01.	0.296^a a p < 0.05.	−0.047
HDL-c (mg/dL)		1.000	0.233	−0.222	−0.006
LDL-c (mg/dL)			1.000	0.188	−0.102
TG (mg/dL)				1.000	0.062
FATMAX (kcal/min)					1.000

Trp64TArg + Arg64Arg; n = 18
TC (mg/dL)	1.000	0.474^a a p < 0.05.	0.931^b b p < 0.01.	0.389	−0.449^b b p < 0.01.
HDL-c (mg/dL)		1.000	0.231	−0.269	−0.040
LDL-c (mg/dL)			1.000	0.365	−0.512^a a p < 0.05.
TG (mg/dL)				1.000	−0.337
FATMAX (kcal/min)					1.000

		TC	HDL-c	LDL-c	TG	FATMAX
Trp64Arg	β	0.16	0.01	0.27	−0.18	−0.36
Trp64Arg	r ²	0.03	−0.01	0.08^a a p < 0.01.	0.24	0.16^a a p < 0.01.
Gender	β	0.06	−0.06	0.09	−0.01	−0.03
Gender	r ²	0.022	0.00	0.02	−0.01	0.020
Tanner	β	−0.03	−0.03	−0.08	0.18	0.08
Tanner	r ²	−0.01	−0.01	−0.00	0.01	−0.01
FM	β	0.18	0.18	0.05	0.05	−0.25
FM	r ²	−0.00	0.00	−0.01	−0.01	0.05^a a p < 0.01.

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[1] Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.