Sowing depth of annual ryegrass seed on different substrates as a vigor test

Annual ryegrass seeds having low physiological quality can lead to the formation of pastures with undesirable plant stands for soil cover and forage utilization pastures. Thus, the objective of this study was proposing a vigor test to classify annual ryegrass seeds. For that, different sowing depths (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 cm) over three substrates (sand, coconut fiber, and carbonized rice husk) were tested to differentiate the physiological quality of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio having similarities in germination and moisture. The seed lots were classified according to vigor through the field seedling emergence (FSE), 1,000-seeds weight, saturated salt accelerated aging, and germination first count. The 2.5 cm of sand sowing depth and 3.0 cm of coconut fiber sowing depth provided separation of seed lots in similar groups of those reported to FSE test through the seedling emergence and speed of seedling emergence tests.

Index terms:
coconut fiber; Lolium multiflorum Lam.; seedling vigor; sowing depth

Authorship

Roberto Caetano de Oliveira

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Capão do Leão, 96050-500 - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Capão do Leão, 96050-500 - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-4464

Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ^**Corresponding author <cepedroso@terra.com.br>

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-6152

Vanessa Nogueira Soares

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-6549

Lílian Madruga de Tunes

Géri Eduardo Meneghello

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-0966

Carlos Henrique Silveira Rabelo

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-3488

*Corresponding author <cepedroso@terra.com.br>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (1)
Tables (7)
Formulas (1)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Daily precipitation, temperature (min. and max.) and relative humidity of the air from July 23, 2014 to August 12, 2014 in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Mean values of moisture, germination, 1,000-seeds weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the seedling emergence (%) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Thumbnail

Table 3
Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the speed of seedling emergence (index) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Thumbnail

Table 4
Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the 10-seedlings dry weight (mg) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Thumbnail

Table 5
Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the seedling emergence in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Thumbnail

Table 6
Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the speed of seedling emergence (index) in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Thumbnail

Table 7
Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the 10-seedlings dry weight in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Thumbnail

(1)

Figure 1 Daily precipitation, temperature (min. and max.) and relative humidity of the air from July 23, 2014 to August 12, 2014 in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.

Table 1 Mean values of moisture, germination, 1,000-seeds weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Lots	Germination	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Lots	(%)	(g)	---------------------------------(%)--------------------------------
L1	77	2.20 a	72.0 a	72.0 a	71.0 a
L2	76	1.92 b	71.0 a	58.0 b	64.0 b
L3	76	1.94 b	59.0 c	59.0 b	75.0 a
L4	77	1.85 b	65.0 b	52.0 c	66.0 b
C.V. (%)	3.63 ^ns	2.56	5.28	6.08	7.62

Means in the same column with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 2 Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the seedling emergence (%) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Lots	Seed sowing depth (cm)
Substrate	Lots	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
Sand	L1	68.0 a	64.5	72.5 a	73.0 a	69.0 a	60.5
	L2	63.0 a	64.0	54.0 b	57.0 b	56.0 b	52.5
	L3	69.0 a	61.0	62.5 a	59.5 b	66.0 a	50.0
	L4	55.0 b	59.5	51.0 b	52.5 b	57.0 b	48.5
			ns				ns
CF	L1	77.5	73.5 a	69.0	72.0 a	72.0 a	74.0 a
	L2	65.0	65.5 b	61.5	64.0 a	60.5 b	58.0 b
	L3	74.0	71.0 a	68.0	68.0 a	72.0 a	69.5 a
	L4	70.5	58.5 b	55.0	56.0 b	59.0 b	60.0 b
		ns		ns
CRH	L1	71.0	68.0 a	70.0 a	65.0 a	70.0 a	60.0 a
	L2	64.5	53.5 b	56.0 b	50.0 b	48.5 b	41.5 b
	L3	60.5	59.0 b	51.5 b	40.0 c	38.0 b	46.0 b
	L4	67.5	67.5 a	59.0 b	51.5 b	39.5 b	43.0 b
		ns
C.V. (%)		9.81	10.9	12.9	11.7	12.4	14.8

Means in the same column for each type of substrate with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 3 Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the speed of seedling emergence (index) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Lots	Seed sowing depth (cm)
Substrate	Lots	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
Sand	L1	4.69 a	4.32	4.76 a	4.69 a	4.10 a	3.45 a
	L2	4.09 a	4.49	3.35 b	3.44 b	3.42 b	3.05 a
	L3	4.06 a	3.94	3.79 b	3.51 b	3.68 a	2.65 b
	L4	3.31 b	3.38	2.83 b	2.86 b	2.90 b	2.38 b
			ns
CF	L1	6.17 a	5.64 a	4.99 a	5.13 a	5.05 a	4.91 a
	L2	5.35 b	5.11 a	4.48 a	4.67 a	4.40 a	3.92 b
	L3	5.41 b	5.02 a	4.49 a	4.51 a	4.69 a	4.31 a
	L4	4.66 b	3.66 b	3.36 b	3.36 b	3.50 b	3.33 b

CRH	L1	4.24	4.35	4.14 a	3.67 a	4.04 a	3.41 a
	L2	3.76	3.54	3.48 b	2.88 b	2.71 b	2.43 b
	L3	3.44	3.25	2.83 b	2.29 b	1.90 c	2.50 b
	L4	3.73	3.56	3.08 b	2.74 b	2.01 c	2.20 b
		ns	ns
C.V. (%)		13.1	14.9	17.0	14.1	14.7	16.8

Means in the same column for each type of substrate with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 4 Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the 10-seedlings dry weight (mg) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Lots	Seed sowing depth (cm)
Substrate	Lots	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
Sand	L1	11.0 a	10.0	11.7 a	8.90	10.3	9.30
	L2	7.70 b	9.60	9.00 b	8.50	10.5	9.30
	L3	9.00 b	9.90	9.10 b	8.90	7.50	9.20
	L4	10.7 a	10.3	8.50 b	8.10	9.10	9.30
			ns		ns	ns	ns
CF	L1	14.7 a	12.5	13.3 a	14.3	13.5	14.5 a
	L2	13.7 a	12.5	13.2 a	14.1	11.7	12.7 a
	L3	11.4 b	12.5	11.0 b	11.6	12.5	11.1 b
	L4	10.7 b	10.9	11.3 b	12.3	12.1	11.4 b
			ns		ns	ns
CRH	L1	11.2	12.2 a	13.2 a	13.1	12.6	12.1 a
	L2	10.8	11.2 a	9.70 b	10.2	10.5	10.7 b
	L3	9.90	9.90 b	9.10 b	10.9	10.3	10.2 b
	L4	10.4	8.50 b	9.20 b	8.90	10.5	9.40 b
		ns			ns	ns
C.V. (%)		14.9	12.4	11.1	13.2	14.3	14.9

Means in the same column for each type of substrate with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 5 Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the seedling emergence in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Depth (cm)	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Sand	0.5	0.60 *	0.30 ns	0.66 **	0.81 **
	1.0	0.41 ns	0.64 **	0.50 ns	0.44 ns
	1.5	0.84 **	0.42 ns	0.84 **	0.76 **
	2.0	0.88 **	0.58 *	0.86 **	0.61 *
	2.5	0.72 **	0.26 ns	0.74 **	0.85 **
	3.0	0.66 **	0.67 **	0.65 **	0.53 **
CF	0.5	0.62 **	0.28 ns	0.58 *	0.77 **
	1.0	0.69 **	0.39 ns	0.72 **	0.78 **
	1.5	0.65 **	0.29 ns	0.69 **	0.78 **
	2.0	0.69 **	0.41 ns	0.72 **	0.75 **
	2.5	0.60 *	0.21 ns	0.64 **	0.85 **
	3.0	0.64 **	0.28 ns	0.70 **	0.82 **
CRH	0.5	0.46 ns	0.68 **	0.49 ns	0.22 ns
	1.0	0.45 ns	0.42 ns	0.41 ns	0.45 ns
	1.5	0.68 **	0.68 **	0.63 **	0.30 ns
	2.0	0.71 **	0.86 **	0.70 **	0.16 ns
	2.5	0.90 **	0.83 **	0.91 **	0.29 ns
	3.0	0.79 **	0.53 *	0.84 **	0.63 **

ns = non-significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; CF = coconut fiber (CF); CRH = charcoal rice husk.

Table 6 Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the speed of seedling emergence (index) in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Depth (cm)	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Sand	0.5	0.77 **	0.57 *	0.83 **	0.59 *
	1.0	0.54 *	0.65 **	0.60 *	0.33 ns
	1.5	0.85 **	0.49 ns	0.86 **	0.71 **
	2.0	0.92 **	0.62 *	0.92 **	0.61 *
	2.5	0.81 **	0.47 ns	0.84 **	0.70 **
	3.0	0.75 **	0.75 **	0.74 **	0.43 ns
CF	0.5	0.78 **	0.50 *	0.73 **	0.60 *
	1.0	0.75 **	0.51 *	0.77 **	0.59 *
	1.5	0.75 **	0.51 *	0.80 **	0.62 **
	2.0	0.73 **	0.53 *	0.76 **	0.59 *
	2.5	0.73 **	0.43 ns	0.76 **	0.66 **
	3.0	0.80 **	0.46 ns	0.85 **	0.75 **
CRH	0.5	0.55 *	0.73 **	0.60 *	0.31 ns
	1.0	0.67 **	0.76 **	0.64 **	0.40 ns
	1.5	0.73 **	0.80 **	0.68 **	0.31 ns
	2.0	0.68 **	0.82 **	0.71 **	0.18 ns
	2.5	0.90 **	0.84 **	0.90 **	0.26 ns
	3.0	0.81 **	0.58 *	0.86 **	0.60 ns

ns = non-significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; CF = coconut fiber (CF); CRH = charcoal rice husk.

Table 7 Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the 10-seedlings dry weight in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Depth (cm)	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Sand	0.5	0.43 ns	0.39 ns	0.41 ns	0.49 ns
	1.0	0.28 ns	0.30 ns	0.19 ns	0.46 ns
	1.5	0.94 **	0.64 **	0.96 **	0.49 ns
	2.0	0.36 ns	0.41 ns	0.38 ns	0.61 *
	2.5	0.44 ns	0.94 **	0.45 ns	0.00 ns
	3.0	0.23 ns	0.44 ns	0.25 ns	0.45 ns
CF	0.5	0.77 **	0.84 **	0.78 **	0.27 ns
	1.0	0.46 ns	0.46 ns	0.47 ns	0.63 **
	1.5	0.61 *	0.77 **	0.67 **	0.32 ns
	2.0	0.54 *	0.84 **	0.54 *	0.23 ns
	2.5	0.58 *	0.43 ns	0.53 *	0.66 **
	3.0	0.72 **	0.83 **	0.71 **	0.42 ns
CRH	0.5	0.40 ns	0.69 **	0.43 ns	0.34 ns
	1.0	0.73 **	0.72 **	0.79 **	0.37 ns
	1.5	0.84 **	0.72 **	0.85 **	0.45 ns
	2.0	0.92 **	0.49 ns	0.92 **	0.64 **
	2.5	0.78 **	0.73 **	0.77 **	0.51 *
	3.0	0.64 **	0.65 **	0.67 **	0.51 *

ns = non-significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; CF = coconut fiber (CF); CRH = charcoal rice husk.

(1)

S S E = n 1 ⁄ t 1 + n 2 ⁄ t 2 + \dots n n ⁄ t n

How to cite

copy

ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes Av. Juscelino Kubitschek, 1400 - 3° Andar, sala 31 - Centro,, CEP 86020-000 Londrina/PR - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Sowing depth of annual ryegrass seed on different substrates as a vigor test

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] *Corresponding author <cepedroso@terra.com.br>