Bagateli, José Ricardo; Bortolin, Gabriel Streck; Bagateli, Ricardo Mari; Franco, Jader Job; Villela, Francisco Amaral; Meneghello, Geri Eduardo

Resumo:

A utilização de sementes de alta qualidade constitui um importante fator no sistema de produção de grãos. Seus benefícios ao desempenho das plantas e possíveis interações com outros fatores - ao exemplo da fertilização nitrogenada - poderiam ser mais bem compreendidos a partir do uso de análise multivariada. Com essa abordagem, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os impactos do vigor de sementes de dois genótipos de trigo e as interações com a fertilização nitrogenada no desempenho de plantas de trigo. Os dados analisados foram provenientes de resultados obtidos em três ambientes experimentais, localizados no departamento de Alto Paraná, Paraguai. Sementes com alto vigor proporcionaram melhor estande de plantas e maior crescimento no estágio de afilhos formados. Proporcionaram também plantas com maior desempenho vegetativo e reprodutivo - condição verificada a partir da massa de matéria seca - nos estágios de emborrachamento, florescimento e de grão leitoso, tanto na presença quanto na ausência da fertilização nitrogenada em cobertura. A análise multivariada permitiu constatar que plantas originadas de sementes com elevado vigor e não fertilizadas com N em cobertura apresentaram desempenho semelhante ao de plantas provenientes de baixo vigor, mas fertilizadas com N em cobertura. Sementes de trigo com alto vigor proporcionam plantas com desempenho superior.

Termos para indexação:
Triticum aestivum; qualidade de sementes; estande de plantas; componentes do rendimento; análise de componentes principais

[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: ricardobagateli@gmail.com

	Cycle -						Cycle +
Vigor	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean
Vigor	Population m²			Height (cm) - F 3			Population m²			Height (cm) - F 3
Hi	428^* * Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).	426	427 A	20.7	22.5	21.6 A	426	428	427 A	20.6	23.4	22.0 A
In	397	391	394 B	19.2	20.5	19.8 AB	393	403	398 AB	18.9	20.0	20.0 B
L	372	392	382 BC	18.7	20.8	19.8 AB	367	387	377 B	18.1	19.9	19.9 B
VL	375	356	365 C	16.7	18.5	17.6 B	366	371	367 B	18.1	18.9	18.9 B
Mean	393 ns	391	392	18.8 b	20.6 a	19.7	388 ns	397	393	19.1 b	20.2 a	20.2
CV (%)	4.5 %			8.7 %			5.6 %			6.5 %
	NDVI - F 3			Height (cm) - F 8			NDVI - F 3			Height (cm) - F 8
Hi	0.42	0.51	0.47 A	29.4	30.6	30.0 A	0.42	0.53	0.47 A	30.5	31.3	30.8 A
In	0.37	0.47	0.42 AB	26.9	26.4	26.6 AB	0.38	0.46	0.42 AB	28.2	27.8	28.0 AB
L	0.35	0.45	0.40 AB	24.4	24.7	24.5 B	0.34	0.42	0.38 BC	27.5	31.0	29.3 AB
VL	0.34	0.42	0.38 B	21.8	24.0	22.9 B	0.32	0.37	0.35 C	26.4	26.5	26.5 B
Mean	0.37 b	0.46 a	0.41	25.6 ns	26.4	26.0	0.37 b	0.45 a	0.41	28.1 ns	29.2	28.6
CV (%)	12.3 %			10.2 %			9.7 %			10.5 %
	NDVI - F 8			Height (cm) F 10.5. 1			NDVI - F 8			Height (cm) F 10.5. 1
Hi	0.53	0.61	0.57 A	68.4	79.5	73.9 A	0.52	0.61	0.57 A	76.5	85.9	81.2 ns
In	0.49	0.59	0.54 AB	67.1	77.1	72.1 AB	0.48	0.59	0.54 AB	73.3	86.5	79.9
L	0.49	0.58	0.53 B	65.0	75.3	70.1 B	0.47	0.52	0.49 BC	72.9	85.3	79.1
VL	0.47	0.55	0.51 B	65.2	73.9	69.6 B	0.46	0.49	0.48 C	71.9	85.8	78.8
Mean	0.49 b	0.58 a	0.54	66.4 b	76.4 a	71.4	0.48 b	0.55 a	0.52	73.7 b	85.9 a	79.8
CV (%)	4.6 %			3.0 %			6.9 %			3.6 %
	NDVI - F 10.5.1			number of tillers			NDVI - F 10.5.1			number of tillers
Hi	0.73	0.83	0.78 A	3.25	3.56	3.41 ns	0.79	0.89	0.84 A	3.25	3.75	3.5 A
In	0.72	0.78	0.75 A	3.02	3.45	3.24	0.78	0.89	0.83 AB	3.17	3.61	3.39 AB
L	0.69	0.77	0.73 AB	2.92	3.45	3.18	0.75	0.88	0.81 AB	2.83	3.55	3.19 B
VL	0.67	0.71	0.69 B	3.01	3.4	3.20	0.73	0.86	0.79 B	2.87	3.36	3.12 B
Mean	0.70 b	0.77 a	0.74	3.05 b	3.46 a	3.26	0.76 b	0.88 a	0.82	3.03 b	3.57 a	3.30
CV (%)	5.1 %			6.8 %			3.7 %			6.4 %

	Cycle -						Cycle +
Vigor	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean
Vigor	DMW (g) - F 3			DMW (g) - F 8			DMW- F3			DMW (g) - F 8
Hi	8.31^* * Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).	8.44	9.07 A	19.39	29.27	24.33 A	8.40	10.3	9.35 A	21.17	35.89	28.53 A
In	7.81	9.07	8.44 A	17.94	27.25	22.60 AB	7.03	8.70	7.86 AB	19.11	34.29	26.70 AB
L	6.36	7.73	7.04 B	15.29	25.69	20.49 BC	7.38	8.15	7.77 BC	16.27	28.41	22.34 BC
VL	5.50	6.81	6.16 B	16.03	23.36	19.69 C	6.85	7.09	6.97 C	16.31	25.40	20.86 C
Mean	7.00 b	8.36 a	7.68	17.17 b	26.39 a	21.78	7.41 b	8.56 a	7.99	18.21 b	31.00 a	24.61
CV (%)	12.0 %			9.2 %			15.4 %			14.5 %
	DMW (g) - F 10.5. 1			DMW (g) - F 11.1			DMW (g) - F 10.5. 1			DMW (g) - F 11.1
Hi	85.37	92.90	89.14 ns	172.86	213.10	192.98 A	95.22	115.14	105.18 AB	183.03	229.55	206.68 A
In	84.53	92.13	88.33	160.33	189.67	175.00 AB	94.80	119.09	106.94 A	161.01	203.21	182.11 AB
L	80.13	84.11	82.12	138.47	182.35	160.41 BC	90.30	111.79	101.05 AB	148.38	186.15	167.26 B
VL	79.21	83.04	81.13	135.62	168.88	152.25 C	87.00	110.28	98.64 B	146.23	169.91	158.07 B
Mean	82.31 b	88.04 a	85.18	151.82 b	188.50 a	170.16	91.83 b	114.08 a	102.95	159.86 b	197.21 a	178.53
CV (%)	7.6 %			9.4 %			4.7 %			11.9 %

	Cycle -						Cycle +
Vigor	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean
Vigor	Yield (t.ha^-1)			NSpE			Yield (t.ha^-1)			NSpE
Hi	3.63^* * Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).	3.95	3.79 ns	14.3	15.5	14.7 ns	3.69	4.06	3.88 ns	16.2	17.8	17.0 ns
In	3.39	3.76	3.54	14.3	15.1	14.9	3.54	3.87	3.70	16.9	17.3	17.18
L	3.31	3.75	3.53	14.7	15.1	14.7	3.34	3.92	3.63	16.0	17.2	16.6
VL	3.33	3.53	3.43	14.7	14.7	14.9	3.27	3.71	3.49	15.8	17.3	16.6
Mean	3.41 b	3.74 a	3.57	14.5 b	15.1 a	14.8	3.46 b	3.89 a	3.67	16.2 b	17.4 a	16.8
CV (%)	9.4 %			3.9 %			9.2 %			3.4 %
	NSE			NSSp			NSE			NSSp
Hi	37.7	39.6	38.6 ns	2.62	2.56	2.59 ns	41.1	43.3	42.2 ns	2.54	2.42	2.48 ns
In	37.3	38.8	38.13	2.60	2.57	2.58	40.6	41.8	41.2	2.39	2.41	2.40
L	38.1	39.5	38.8	2.59	2.60	2.59	39.8	41.4	40.6	2.49	2.40	2.45
VL	35.4	37.8	36.6	2.40	2.57	2.48	38.9	40.9	39.9	2.45	2.35	2.40
Mean	37.1 b	38.9 a	38.0	2.55 ns	2.57	2.56	40.1 ns	41.8	41.0	2.47 ns	2.40	2.43
CV (%)	5.9 %			5.4 %			5.8 %			7.0 %
	WSE			HI			WSE			HI
Hi	91.1	103.3	97.2 A	0.48	0.49	0.49 ns	103.4	103.6	103.5 A	0.47	0.48	0.48 ns
In	79.9	90.6	85.2 B	0.46	0.47	0.46	88.7	99.4	94.0 AB	0.45	0.46	0.46
L	80.0	88.4	84.2 B	0.43	0.44	0.44	87.4	103.3	95.4 AB	0.43	0.46	0.44
VL	78.4	78.6	78.5 B	0.44	0.44	0.44	78.8	98.4	88.6 B	0.43	0.46	0.45
Mean	82.3 b	90.2 a	86.3	0.45 ns	0.46	0.46	89.6 b	101.2 a	95.4	0.45 ns	0.47	0.46
CV (%)	9.6 %			7.7 %			7.3 %			6.7 %

Brasil

Brasil

Seed vigor in performance of wheat plants: evidence of interaction with nitrogen

Resumo: