Insect
|
Pseudomyrmex triplarinus
|
Pseudomyrmecitoxin-Pt1 subunit LS1 |
P0DSL7 |
Antidematogenic effect |
[1919. Pan J, Hink WF. Isolation and characterization of myrmexins, six isoforms of venom proteins with anti-inflammatory activity from the tropical ant, Pseudomyrmex triplarinus. Toxicon. 2000 Oct;38(10):1403-13. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(99)00233-0. PubMed PMID: 10758275. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0041-0101(99)00...
-2121. Barassé V, Touchard A, Téné N, Tindo M, Kenne M, Klopp C, Dejean A, Bonnafé E, Treilhou M. The peptide venom composition of the fierce stinging ant Tetraponera aethiops (Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae). Toxins (Basel). 2019 Dec 14;11(12):732. doi: 10.3390/toxins11120732. PMID: 31847368; PubMed PMCID: PMC6950161. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120732...
] |
Pseudomyrmecitoxin-Pt1 subunit SS3 |
P0DSM1 |
Pseudomyrmecitoxin-Pt1 subunit LS2 |
P0DSL8 |
Pseudomyrmecitoxin-Pt1 subunit SS2 |
P0SDM0 |
U1-pseudomyrmecitoxin-Pt1 subunit SS1 |
P0DSL9 |
Paraponera clavata
|
Delta-paraponeritoxin-Pc1a |
P41736 |
Edema reduction, antinociceptive |
[2222. Rykaczewska-Czerwińska M, Radosz A, Konopinska D, Wrobel M, Plech A. Antinociceptive effect of poneratoxin [PoTX] in rats. Pestycydy. 2008;1-2:135-41.] |
Dinoponera quadríceps
|
Venom peptides (Extract) |
C0HJK0 |
Suppression of inflammatory mediators |
[2323. Costa Neto EM, Ramos-Elorduy J, Pino JM. Los insectos medicinales de Brasil: primeros resultados. Bol Soc Entomol Aragonesa. 2006;1(38):395-414.-2626. Sousa PL, Quinet Y, Ponte EL, do Vale JF, Torres AFC, Pereira MG, Assreuy MAS. Venom's antinociceptive property in the primitive ant Dinoponera quadriceps. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Oct 31;144(1):213-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.033. PubMed. PMID: 22960549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.03...
] |
Brachyponera sennaarensisare
|
Venom peptides (Extract) |
- |
Regulate the expression of MHC-II, CD80 y CD-86, IFN-γ and IL-17 |
[2828. Ebaid H, Abdel-Salam B, Alhazza I, Al-Tamimi J, Hassan I, Rady A, Mashaly A, Mahmoud A, Sammour R. Samsum ant venom modulates the immune response and redox status at the acute toxic dose in vivo. J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis. 2019 Dec 2;25: e20190020. doi: 10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2019-0020. PubMed PMCID: PMC6892565. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATIT...
,2929. Al-Tamimi J, Alhazza IM, Al-Khalifa M, Metwalli A, Rady A, Ebaid H. Potential effects of samsum ant, Brachyponera sennaarensis, venom on TNF-α/NF-κB mediated inflammation in CCL4-toxicity in vivo. Lipids Health Dis. 2016 Nov 18;15(1):198. doi: 10.1186/s12944-016-0364-7. PubMed PMID: 27863485; PMCID: PMC5116174. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-016-0364-...
] |
Pachycondyla sennaarensis
|
Venom peptides (Extract) |
- |
Regulate NF-kB, kinase IkB, TNF-α and Fas |
[3939. Kim JY, Lee WR, Kim KH, An HJ, Chang YC, Han SM, Park YY, Pak SC, Park KK. Effects of bee venom against Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes and monocytes. Int J Mol Med. 2015 Jun;35(6):1651-6. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2180. PubMed PMID: 25872535. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2180...
] |
Apis melífera
|
Venom peptides (Extract) |
- |
Reduction the levels of inflammatory mediators |
[4040. Darwish SF, El-Bakly WM, Arafa HM, El-Demerdash E. Targeting TNF-α and NF-κB activation by bee venom: role in suppressing adjuvant induced arthritis and methotrexate hepatotoxicity in rats. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 20;8(11):e79284. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079284. PubMed PMID: 24278124; PMCID: PMC3835890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.007...
-4646. Nipate SS, Bhandarkar AA. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antiar-thritic potential of apis cerana indica bee venom by reducing pain and degeneration of articular cartilage in adjuvant and collagen induced rat models of arthritis. J Orthop Muscular Syst. 2020 Mar 25;3(1):1-10.] |
Phospolipase A2 |
P00630 |
Reduction of apoptotic levels mediated by Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL |
[5555. Monti MC, Casapullo A, Santomauro C, D'Auria MV, Riccio R, Gomez-Paloma L. The molecular mechanism of bee venom phospholipase A2 inactivation by bolinaquinone. Chembiochem. 2006 Jun;7(6):971-80. doi: 10.1002/cbic.200500454. PubMed PMID: 16671124. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200500454...
-5757. Ham HJ, Han SB, Yun J, Yeo IJ, Ham YW, Kim SH, Park PH, Choi DY, Hong JT. Bee venom phospholipase A2 ameliorates amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway in Tg2576 mice. Transl Neurodegener. 2019 Oct 2;8:26. doi: 10.1186/s40035-019-0167-7. PubMed PMID: 31592103; PMCID: PMC6774221. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-019-0167-...
] |
Melittin |
P01501 |
Inactivation of NF-kB |
[5858. Saini SS, Peterson JW, Chopra AK. Melittin binds to secretory phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Sep 18;238(2):436-42. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7295. PubMed PMID: 9299527. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.7295...
-6767. Ovcharov R, Shkenderov S. Anti-inflammatory effects of apamin. Toxicon. 1976; 14:441-7. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(76)90060-x. PubMed PMID: 1014033. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(76)900...
] |
Apamin |
P01500 |
Suppression Th2-related chemokines/Regulation the activation of the NF-kB, STATS 1 and 2 pathways |
[6969. Alvarez-Fischer D, Noelker C, Vulinović F, Grünewald A, Chevarin C, Klein C, Oertel WH, Hirsch EC, Michel PP, Hartmann A. Bee venom and its component apamin as neuroprotective agents in a Parkinson disease mouse model. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 18;8(4):e61700. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061700. PubMed PMID: 23637888; PMCID: PMC3630120. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.006...
-7171. Lee YM, Cho SN, Son E, Song CH, Kim DS. Apamin from bee venom suppresses inflammation in a murine model of gouty arthritis. J Ethopharmacol. 2020 Jul 15;257(15): 112860. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.11286...
] |
Adolapin |
- |
Reduction of paw edema, the levels of prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase 2, in addition to inhibiting PLA2 activity |
[7272. Shkenderov S, Koburova K. Adolapin--a newly isolated analgetic and anti-inflammatory polypeptide from bee venom. Toxicon. 1982;20(1):317-21. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(82)90234-3. PubMed PMID: 7080045. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(82)902...
-7474. Hanson JM, Morley J, Soria-Herrera C. Anti-inflammatory property of 401 (MCD-peptide), a peptide from the venom of the bee Apis mellifera (L.). Br J Pharmacol. 1974 Mar;50(3):383-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09613.x. PMID: 4152780; PMCID: PMC1776661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974...
] |
Crustacean
|
Protopolybia exígua
|
Mastoporan-1 |
P69034 |
Inhibition Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA, suppressionTNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) |
[8080. Moreno M, Giralt E. Three valuable peptides from bee and wasp venoms for therapeutic and biotechnological use: melittin, apamin and mastoparan. Toxins (Basel). 2015 Apr 1;7(4):1126-50. doi: 10.3390/toxins7041126. PubMed PMID: 25835385; PMCID: PMC4417959. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7041126...
] |
Nasonia vitripennis
|
Venom peptides (Extract) |
- |
ReductionIL-1β, IL-6 and NF-kB |
[8282. Danneels EL, Gerlo S, Heyninck K, Craenenbroeck KV, De Bosscher K, Haegeman G, de Graaf DC. How the venom from the ectoparasitoid Wasp nasonia vitripennis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties on mammalian cell lines. PLoS One. 2014 May 12;9(5):e96825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096825. PMID: 24821138; PMCID: PMC4018385. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.009...
,8383. Danneels EL, Formesyn EM, de Graaf DC. Exploring the potential of venom from Nasonia vitripennis as therapeutic agent with high-throughput screening tools. Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jun 3;7(6):2051-70. doi: 10.3390/toxins7062051. PubMed PMID: 26046700; PMCID: PMC4488689. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7062051...
] |
Vespa magnificca
|
- |
P0CH47 |
Inhibition of the NF-kB pathway |
[8484. Mortari MR, Cunha AOS, Carolino ROG, Coutinho-Netto J, Tomaz JC, Lopes NP, Coimbra NC, Dos Santos WF. Inhibition of acute nociceptive responses in rats after i.c.v. injection of Thr6 -bradykinin , isolated from the venom of the social wasp , Polybia occidentalis. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;151(6),860-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707275. PubMed PMID: 17533426. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0707275...
] |
Limulus polyphemus
|
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor |
P07086 |
Immunomodulatory activity |
[6767. Ovcharov R, Shkenderov S. Anti-inflammatory effects of apamin. Toxicon. 1976; 14:441-7. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(76)90060-x. PubMed PMID: 1014033. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(76)900...
,6868. Messier C, Mourre C, Bontempi B, Sif J, Lazdunski M, Destrade C. Effect of apamin, a toxin that inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels, on learning and memory processes. Brain Res. 1991 Jun 14;551(1-2):322-6. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90950-z. PubMed PMID: 1913161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(91)909...
] |
Penaeus monodon
|
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor |
B1NMC7 |
Disruption of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) pathway by regulating and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines |
[9090. Tassanakajon A, Amparyup P, Somboonwiwat K, Supungul P. Cationic antimicrobial peptides in penaeid shrimp. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2010 Oct;12(5):487-505. doi: 10.1007/s10126-010-9288-9. PubMed PMID: 20379756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9288-...
-9191. Zhou L, Li G, Jiao Y, Huang D, Li A, Chen H, Liu Y, Li S, Li H, Wang C. Molecular and antimicrobial characterization of a group G anti- lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) from Penaeus monodon. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Nov;94:149-56. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.066. PubMed PMID: 31465873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.06...
] |
Portunus trituberculatus
|
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor |
C0KJQ4 |
Immunomodulatory activity |
[9898. Hoess A, Watson S, Siber GR, Liddington R. Crystal structure of an endotoxin-neutralizing protein from the horseshoe crab, Limulus anti-LPS factor, at 1.5 A resolution. EMBO J. 1993 Sep;12(9):3351-6. PubMed PMID: 8253062; PMCID: 413608.-102102. Wu X, Huang Y, Yu Z, Mu C, Song W, Li R, Liu L, Ye Y, Shi C, Wang C. An MBT domain containing anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (PtALF8) from Portunus trituberculatus is involved in immune response to bacterial challenge. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Jan;84,252-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.016. PubMed PMID: 30300736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.01...
] |
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 4 |
H9MYY2 |
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 5 |
- |
Antilipopolysaccharide factor isoform 8 |
- |
Scylla paramamosain
|
Catalase |
D0EVW7 |
Antioxidant potential |
[105105. Liu HP, Chen FY, Gopalakrishnan S, Qiao K, Bo J, Wang KJ. Antioxidant enzymes from the crab Scylla paramamosain: gene cloning and gene/protein expression profiles against LPS challenge. Fish Shellfish Immunol; 2010 May-Jun;28(5-6):862-71. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.008. PubMed PMID: 20153435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.00...
,106106. Soundarapandian P, Roy S, Varadharajan D. Antioxidant activity in hard and soft shell crabs of Charybdis lucifera (Fabricius, 1798). J Aquac Res Development. 2014; 5(7):1-5. doi: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000288. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.100028...
] |
Scylla serrata
|
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor |
B5TTX7 |
Charybdis natator
|
Crab leg |
- |
Modulating the NF-kB pathway |
[107107. Sharma S, Yedery RD, Patgaonkar MS, Selvaakumar C, Reddy KVR. Antibacterial activity of a synthetic peptide that mimics the LPS binding domain of Indian mud crab, Scylla serrata anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (SsALF) also involved in the modulation of vaginal immune functions through NF-kB signaling. Microb Pathog. 2011 Mar-Apr;50(3-4):179-91. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.12.007. PubMed PMID: 21195157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2010.1...
] |
Arachnid
|
Titius obscurus
|
Toxin To3 |
P60213 |
Suppression of TNF-α and IL-1β |
[112112. Veloso Júnior PHH, Simon KS, de Castro RJA, Coelho LC, Erazo FAH, de Souza ACB, das Neves RC, Lozano VF, Schwartz EF, Tavares AH, Mortari MR, Junqueira-Kipnis AP, Silva-Pereira I, Bocca AL. Peptides ToAP3 and ToAP4 decrease release of inflammatory cytokines through TLR-4 blocking. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Oct;118:109152. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109152. PubMed PMID: 31376652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.10...
] |
Toxin To4 |
P60215 |
Tityus stigmurus
|
Hyaluronidase |
P0C8X3 |
Reduction the migration of leukocytes and TNF-α release |
[113113. Yaqoo R, Tahir HM, Rasheed A, Ahshan MM, Arshad M. Anti-inflammatory role peptides isolated from venom of Androctonus finitimus (Pocock 1897) (scorpiones: Buthidae). J Anim Plant Sci. 2019; 29(1):334-42. ] |
Tityus serrulatus
|
Antimicrobial peptide TsAP-2 |
S6D3A7 |
Mesobuthus martensii
|
Makatoxin-1 |
P56569 |
Reduction the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), TNF -α, IL-6 and IL-1β |
[116116. Zheng M, Ju W, Chen J, Yuan Y, Zhang C, Liu F, Zhang F. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory potency of Mesobuthus martensii Karsch oligopeptides in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Royal Soc Chem. 2019;9(43):24822-32. doi:10.1039/C9RA01623F. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA01623F...
] |
Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 3.6 |
Q9NII7 |
Suppress cytokine secretion |
[119119. Chen Z, Hu Y, Hu J, Yang W, Sabatier JM, De Waard M, Cao Z, Li W, Han S, Wu Y. Unusual binding mode of scorpion toxin BmKTX onto potassium channels relies on its distribution of acidic residues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Apr 25;447(1):70-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.101. PubMed PMID: 24704423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.1...
, 121121. Ye F, Hu Y, Yu W, Xie Z, Hu J, Cao Z, Li W, Wu Y. The scorpion toxin analogue BmKTX-D33H as a potential Kv1.3 channel-selective immunomodulator for autoimmune diseases. Toxins (Basel). 2016 Apr 19;8(4):115. doi: 10.3390/toxins8040115. PubMed PMID: 27104568; PMCID: PMC4848641. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8040115...
, 122122. Veytia-Bucheli JI, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Melchy-Pérez EI, Sandoval-Hernández MA, Possani LD, Rosenstein Y. Kv1.3 channel blockade with the Vm24 scorpion toxin attenuates the CD4+ effector memory T cell response to TCR stimulation. Cell Commun Signal. 2018 Aug 14;16(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12964-018-0257-7. PMID: 30107837; PMCID: PMC6092819. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-018-0257-...
] |
Heterometrus laoticus
|
Hetlaxin |
C0HJN0 |
Act on Kv1.3 potassium channel |
[123123 Hoang AN, Vo HDM, Vo NP, Kudryashova KS, Nekrasova OV, Feofanov AV, Kirpichnikov MP, Andreeva TV, Serebryakova MV, Tsetlin VI, Utkin YN. Vietnamese Heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom: evidence for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and isolation of new polypeptide toxin acting on Kv1.3 potassium channel. Toxicon. 2014 Jan;77:40-4. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.1...
] |
Heterosodra maculata
|
Delta-theraphotoxin-Hm1a |
P60992 |
To control thehypersensitivity and chronic visceral pain |
[125125. Okamoto CK, van den Berg CW, Masashi M, Gonçalves-de-Andrade RM, Tambourgi DV. Tetracycline reduces kidney Damage Induced by Loxosceles Spider Venom. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Mar 2;9(3):90. doi: 10.3390/toxins9030090. PMID: 28257106; PMCID: PMC5371845. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9030090...
] |
Phlogiellus sp. |
Phlotoxin 1 |
P0DM14 |
Antinociceptive activity |
[128128. Gonçalves TC, Lesport P, Kuylle S, Stura E, Ciolek J, Mourier G, Servent D, Bourinet E, Benoit E, Gilles N. Evaluation of the spider (Phlogiellus genus) phlotoxin 1 and synthetic variants as antinociceptive drug candidates. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Aug 22;11(9):484. doi: 10.3390/toxins11090484. PubMed PMID: 31443554; PMCID: PMC6784069. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090484...
] |
Phoneutria nigriventer
|
Phα1β |
P81789 |
Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive |
[132132. Grishin EV, Savchenko GA, Vassilevski AA, Korolkova YV, Boychuk YA, Viatchenko-Karpinski VY, Nadezhdin KD, Arseniev AS, Pluzhnikov KA, Kulyk VB, Voitenko NV, Krishtal OO. Novel peptide from spider venom inhibits P2X3 receptors and inflammatory pain. Ann Neurol. 2010 May;67(5):680-3. doi: 10.1002/ana.21949. PubMed PMID: 20437566. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21949...
-135135. Dalmolin GD, Bannister K, Gonçalves L, Sikandar S, Patel R, Cordeiro MN, Gomez MV, Ferreira J, Dickenson AH. Effect of the spider toxin Tx3-3 on spinal processing of sensory information in naive and neuropathic rats: an in vivo electrophysiological study. Pain Rep. 2017 Jul 6;2(4):e610. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000610. PubMed PMID: 29392225; PMCID: PMC5741365. https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.000000000000...
] |
Tx3-3 |
- |
PnTx4 |
|
PhKv |
|
Pardosa astrigera
|
Lycotoxin-Pa4a |
- |
Suppresses nitric oxide, nitric oxide-induced synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α |
[136136. Shin MK, Hwang IW, Kim Y, Kim ST, Jang W, Lee S, Bang WY, Bae CH, Sung JS. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of novel peptide toxin from the spider Pardosa astrigera. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Jul 19;9(7):422. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9070422. PMID: 32707636; PMCID: PMC7400607. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics90704...
] |
Ornithodoros savignyi
|
OsDef2 |
- |
Inhibits the production of TNF-α and NO-induced |
[139139. Malan M, Serem JC, Bester MJ, Neitz AWH, Gaspar ARM. Anti-inflammatory and anti-endotoxin properties of peptides derived from the carboxy-terminal region of a defensin from the tick Ornithodoros savignyi. J Pept Sci. 2016 Jan;22(1):43-51. doi: 10.1002/psc.2838. PMID: 26662999. https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.2838...
] |
Hyalomma asiaticum
|
Hyalomin-A1 |
- |
Inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the secretion of IL-10 |
[140140. Wu J, Wang Y, Liu H, Yang H, Ma D, Li J, Li D, Lai R, Yu H. Two immunoregulatory peptides with antioxidant activity from tick salivary glands. J Biol Chem. 2010 May 28;285(22):16606-13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.094615. PMID: 20178988; PMCID: PMC2878058. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.094615...
,141141. Denisov SS, Ramírez-Escudero M, Heinzmann ACA, Ippel JH, Dawson PE, Koenen RR, Hackeng TM, Janssen BJC, Dijkgraaf I. Structural characterization of anti-CCL5 activity of the tick salivary protein evasin-4. J Biol Chem. 2020 Oct 16;295(42):14367-78. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.013891. PMID: 32817341; PMCID: PMC7573271. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA120.013891...
] |
Hyalomin-B1 |
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
|
Evasin-1 |
P0C8E7 |
Inhibits cell of chemokines CCL3, CCL3L1, and CCL4 and CCL5 |
[142142. Déruaz M, Frauenschuh A, Alessandri AL, Dias JM, Coelho FM, Russo RC, Ferreira BR, Graham GJ, Shaw JP, Wells TNC, Teixeira MM, Power CA, Proudfoot AE. Ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity. J Exp Med. 2008 Sep 1;205(9):2019-31. doi: 10.1084/jem.20072689. PMID: 18678732; PMCID: PMC2526197. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20072689...
] |
Evasin 3 |
P0C8E8 |
Evasin 4 |
P0C8E9 |
Amblyomma variegatum
|
Amphiregulin |
- |
Inhibitis the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8, and IFN-γ |
[143143. Tian Y, Chen W, Mo G, Chen R, Fang M, Yedid G, Yan X. An immunosuppressant peptide from the hard tick Amblyomma variegatum. Toxins (Basel). 2016 May 3;8(5):133. doi: 10.3390/toxins8050133. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050133...
] |
Chilopod
|
Scolopendra subspinipes
|
Formyl peptide receptor 2 |
- |
Inhibitis the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of neutrophils in the joint |
[147147. Park YJ, Park B, Lee M, Jeong YS, Lee HY, Sohn DH, Song JJ, Lee JH, Hwang JS, Bae YS. A novel antimicrobial peptide acting via formyl peptide receptor 2 shows therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 2;8(1):14664. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32963-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32963...
] |
|
Scolopendrasin IX |
- |
down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6 |
|