Concrete-filled twin-layer steel-sheet CWs system: A systematic review of the literature

Ali, Mustafa M.; Osman, S.A.; AW, Al Zand; Yatim, M.Y.M.; Alatshana, Faesal; Hilo, Salam J.

doi:10.1590/1679-78256622

Mustafa M. Ali ^**Corresponding author

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: mma1416@yahoo.com, p86577@siswa.ukm.edu.my, saminah@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand70@gmail.com, mymy@ukm.edu.my, p94378@siswa.ukm.edu.my

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq. E-mail: eng.salamjh@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-0727

S.A. Osman ^**Corresponding author

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: mma1416@yahoo.com, p86577@siswa.ukm.edu.my, saminah@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand70@gmail.com, mymy@ukm.edu.my, p94378@siswa.ukm.edu.my

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-6945

Al Zand AW

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: mma1416@yahoo.com, p86577@siswa.ukm.edu.my, saminah@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand70@gmail.com, mymy@ukm.edu.my, p94378@siswa.ukm.edu.my

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-516X

M.Y.M. Yatim

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: mma1416@yahoo.com, p86577@siswa.ukm.edu.my, saminah@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand70@gmail.com, mymy@ukm.edu.my, p94378@siswa.ukm.edu.my

Faesal Alatshana

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: mma1416@yahoo.com, p86577@siswa.ukm.edu.my, saminah@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand@ukm.edu.my, ahmedzand70@gmail.com, mymy@ukm.edu.my, p94378@siswa.ukm.edu.my

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Technology, Houn, Libya

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-7525

Salam J. Hilo

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq. E-mail: eng.salamjh@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-9158

*Corresponding author

Author contribuitions:

Conceptualization, Investigation and Writing - original draft, Mustafa M. Ali; Supervision and Writing - review & editing, S.A. Osman and Al Zand AW; Data curation and Visualization, Faesal Alatshana, Salam J. Hilo and M.Y.M. Yatim

Editor:

Marcílio Alves

TPSCW wall system
Advantages	Disadvantages
· Short construction period compared with other CWs which required formwork	· It has a corrugated outside shape which makes it architecturally challenging especially at open spaces
· Significantly function as a bearing wall as it resists the vertical profiled sheet local buckling	· Relatively insufficient to resist lateral and/or cyclic loads
· It is moderately accepted in terms of construction cost	· Thin TPSCWs might requires self consolidating or high workability concrete with smaller coarse aggregate size to prevent the segregation phenomenon
· Simple construction and implementation as a partition wall and/or shear wall	· Compared with the embedded steel sheet CWs, TPSCWs are less thermal resistance as the profiled steel sheet will be exposed to the thermal load directly
· It can be assembled under an industrial building system (IBM)	· As a bearing wall, TPSCW system mostly failed when the twin-layer of profiled sheets start to buckle outward due to the extreme compressive pressure generated axially on the wall
· Easy to construct it with different moderate capacities considering the availability of the profiled sheets at the market with a different light-gauge thickness	· Generally, TSCW has less fire resistance compared with CWs which has embedded plates, and that attributed to the TSCWs configuration which expose the plated sheets to the external factores directly
· Easy to apply an opening on it to generate a window and/or a door
· It can be assembled as a thin and lightweight

No.	The References	Study type			Loading type						Filler type				Interaction Type Concept
No.	The References	Experimental	Numerical	Empirical	Axial	Impact and/or Blast	Lateral	Cyclic	Thermal	Combined	Normal Conc./ Self-Cons. Conc.	High strength/Performance Conc.	Micro Conc.	Light and/or Recycled Conc.	Stiffeners and/or Mechanical Connector	Screwed / fasteners / Bolts Tie and/ or Bar/Rod Connector	Welding and/or Constraint tie	Headed Stud
1	Rafiei et al. (2013)		●				●				●					●
2	Hilo, Wan Badaruzzaman, et al. (2015)	●			●						●					●
3	Rafiei et al. (2015)	●					●				●					●
4	Hossain and Wright (2004)	●		●	●						●				●	●
5	Hossain and Wright (2005)		●				●				●				●
6	Wright and Gallocher (1995)	●			●							●			●
7	Wright (1998)	●			●						●				●
8	Hilo et al. (2015a)		●		●						●				●
9	Hilo et al. (2016)		●		●						●				●
10	Hilo et al. (2014)		●		●						●
11	Rafiei et al. (2010)		●				●				●					●
12	Prabha et al. (2013)	●			●									●		●		●
13	Mydin and Wang (2011)	●			●									●		●
14	Hossain and Wright (1998a)	●			●								●			●
15	Hossain and Wright (1998)		●		●						●					●
16	Bradford, Wright, and Uy (1998)			●	●						●				●
17	Wright, Hossain, and Gallocher (1994)	●	●				●				●					●
18	Labibzadeh and Hamidi (2019)		●		●						●					●
19	Cao, Feng, and Wu (2014)	●						●			●					●
20	Hossain and Wright (2005)		●					●			●					●
21	Hossain and Wright (2004)	●		●				●			●					●
22	Hossain et al. (2016)	●						●			●
23	Edalati et al. (2014)		●				●
24	Rosario-Galanes and Godoy (2014)		●				●									●
25	Taormina (2012)	●							●			●				●
26	Wang et al. (2014)	●								●
27	Hossain and Wright (2004)	●								●			●			●
28	Hossain and Wright (2004)	●		●						●			●			●
29	Hossain and Wright (2004)		●							●			●			●
30	Uy, Wright, and Bradford (2001)	●	●							●	●							●
31	Hossain et al. (2016)	●				●					●				●
32	Rafiei et al. (2017)		●			●					●					●
33	Hossain (2000) With-opening	●			●						●				●	●

TFSCW wall system
Advantages	Disadvantages
· Fast construction process compared with other CWs which required formwork especially for symmetrical high rias building	· Relatively insufficient lightweight and low cost constructions
· Significantly function as a axial, lateral, cyclic, impact resistance wall	· Thin TFSCWs might requires self consolidating or high workability concrete to prevent the segregation phenomenon especially in a symmetrical core of high rias buildings which can be casted each four floors at one cast operation
· It is moderately accepted in terms of construction cost as its do not required a formwork preparation	· Compared with the embedded steel sheet CWs, TFSCWs are less thermal resistance as the double skin of steel sheet will be exposed directly to the thermal load
· Simple construction and implementation as earthquake resistance shear wall, blast resistance shield, nuclear plant protection shield	· As a cyclic and/or earthquick resistance member, TFSCW system mostly failed when the infilled concrete start spalling and crushing at the wall toe above the base line due to the extreme compressive pressure generated in these zones
· It can be assembled under an industrial building system (IBM)	· Generally, TSCW has less fire resistance compared with CWs which has embedded plates, and that attributed to the TSCWs configuration which expose the plated sheets to the external factores directly
· Easy to construct it with diverse capacities considering the availability of the plate sheets at the market with a multi gauge thickness and yielding capacity
· Easy to apply an opening on it to generate a window and/or a door
· It has a flat outside shape which makes it architecturally less challenging especially at open spaces

No.	The References	Study type			Loading type						Filler type				Interaction Type Concept
No.	The References	Experimental	Numerical	Empirical	Axial	Impact and/or Blast	Lateral	Cyclic	Thermal	Combined	Normal Conc	High-strength/Performance Conc.	Micro Conc.	Light and/or Recycled Conc.	Stiffeners and/or Mechanical Connector	Screwed / fasteners / Bolts Tie and/ or Bar/Rod Connector	Welding and/or Constraint tie	Headed Stud
1	Seo and Varma (2017)	●						●				●					●	●
2	Ji, Jiang, and Qian (2013)	●			●			●		●		●			●	●
3	Qian, Jiang, and Ji (2012)	●			●			●		●		●
4	Nie et al. (2014)	●	●		●			●		●	●							●
5	Wright, Oduyemi, and Evans (1991a)	●			●						●							●
6	Zhang et al. (2014)		●		●													●
7	Bruhl, Varma, and Johnson (2015)	●	●	●		●					●					●
8	Epackachi, Whittaker, and Huang (2015)		●				●				●				●	●
9	Nie et al. (2013)	●	●		●			●		●		●			●	●
10	Kanchi et al. (1996)	●	●		●						●							●
11	Song et al. (2014)			●	●						●
12	Aykac, Kalkan, and Seydanlioglu (2014)	●			●											●
13	Choi, Kang, and Park (2014)	●			●						●							●
14	Choi et al. (2013)	●			●						●							●
15	Kim and Choi (2011)	●			●						●						●	●
16	Liang et al. (2004)		●		●						●							●
17	Clubley, Moy, and Xiao (2003)	●			●						●				●	●
18	Clubley, Moy, and Xiao (2003)		●		●						●				●	●
19	Takeda et al. (1995)	●			●						●					●		●
20	Link and Elwi (1995)	●			●						●				●		●
21	Eom et al. (2009)	●						●			●					●
22	Epackachi et al. (2014a)	●						●			●					●
23	Zhang, Qin, and Chen (2016)	●			●			●		●	●					●		●
24	Nguyen and Whittaker (2017)		●					●			●				●	●	●	●
25	Hu, Nie, and Eatherton (2014)		●					●			●	●			●			●
26	Zhao et al. (2016)	●						●			●				●	●		●
27	Epackachi et al. (2014b)		●					●			●					●		●
28	Rahnavard, Hassanipour, and Mounesi (2016)		●					●			●				●	●
29	Epackachi et al. (2013)	●						●			●					●		●
30	Epackachi, Whittaker, and Aref (2017)		●					●			●					●		●
31	Yan, Yan, and Wang (2020)	●			●			●		●	●				●
32	Seo et al. (2016)			●				●			●					●		●
33	Varma, Zhang, et al. (2011)	●		●				●			●					●		●
34	Zhang et al. (2019)	●			●			●		●	●				●			●
35	Terranova, Epackachi, and Whittaker (2017)	●	●					●								●
36	Johnson et al. (2014)		●			●					●					●		●
37	Mullapudi, Summers, and Moon (2012)		●			●					●					●		●
38	Bruhl and Varma (2018)	●				●					●					●		●
39	Varma et al. (2012)	●	●						●		●					●
40	Varma et al. (2014)		●							●	●				●
41	Varma and Sener (2013)		●							●	●							●
42	Sekimoto et al. (1989)	●								●	●							●
43	Xiaowei, Jianguo, and Muxuan (2013)		●		●		●			●	●
44	Ma, Ma, and Liu (2019)	●			●			●		●	●							●
45	Yan, Li, and Wang (2018)	●	●		●			●		●	●							●
46	Yan et al. (2020a)		●		●			●		●		●			●
47	Haghi, Epackachi, and Taghi Kazemi (2020)		●					●			●					●

[1] *Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

Concrete-filled twin-layer steel-sheet CWs system: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Graphical Abstract