Ethnoarchaeology of two Guató mounds in the Pantanal: building dynamics and history in persistent places

Abstract

Indigenous archaeological sites composed of earth-mounds and surrounding earth-works are known throughout South America. The building processes of these places and their functionality have been the object of archaeological investigation since the 19^th century. The available interpretative models suggest several uses for the mounds: temporary and permanent dwelling places, cemeteries, central plazas of larger settlements, spaces with fertile soil for the production of vegetal foods, territorial landmarks and places of memory, among other possibilities. In order to contribute to the discussion, this article presents ethnoarchaeological data registered in the context of the traditional occupation of the Indigenous Land of the Baía dos Guató, located in the Pantanal wetland, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Direct observation of ancient and recent settlements, alongside indigenous narratives about places, allow us to understand the social and functional meaning of archaeological structures.

Keywords:
Mounds; Archaeology of the Pantanal; Indigenous Archaeology; Ethnoarchaeology; Guató Indians