MACRO AND MICROMORPHOLOGIC INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL CLAYEY RED LATOSOL CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE

Silva, Adriana Aparecida; Castro, Selma Simões de

doi:10.4215/RM2015.1403.0010

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• MERCATOR (Fortaleza) 14 (3) • Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.4215/RM2015.1403.0010 copy

MACRO AND MICROMORPHOLOGIC INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL CLAYEY RED LATOSOL CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The southwest of Goiás stands out in the process of the recent expansion of sugarcane plantation, especially in micro-region of Quirinópolis, where previously areas of annual crops were replaced, especially soybeans, and then pasture areas on clayey dystroferric Red Latosol (LVdf) which has a high potential for compaction. The aim of this work was to evaluate the process of compaction such soils cultivated with sugarcane, considering the selected profiles were decompressed, corrected and fertilized before planting sugarcane. Such profiles have along with the current use of sugarcane varying in relation to previous use (soybean/sugarcane, pasture/sugarcane and pasture succession/soybean/sugarcane), and the management with and without fertigation with vinasse, and an area of remaining natural vegetation as control. Macro and micromorphological indicators, followed by tests evaluated in laboratory as penetration resistance and physic-hydric analysis. The results indicated surface and subsurface compaction of the soil profile studied, regardless of previous uses, being the main indicators the presence of structure tending to laminar few porous in compaction levels, and increased of soil density and of penetration resistance.

Key words:
Saccharum spp; Structure; Compaction; Micromorphology

Previous use/sugarcane	Soil preparation and conservation
soil profile N°	Activity	Quantity	month/year
	Construction of terraces		Aug/2006
	Subsoiling		Aug/2006
soybean/sugarcane	Heavy harrowing		Aug/2006
1A	Calcareous	3 t/ha	Sep/2006 - Jun/2009
	Gypsum	1.5 t/ha	Sep/2006 - Jun/2009
1B	Phosohate	0.23 t/ha	Sep/2006
	Light harrowing		Sep/2006
pasture/sugarcane	Desiccation (glyphosate)	5 l/ha	0ct/2006
2A	Sulca^ao and fertilization (05-25-25)	0.6 t/ha	Nov/2006
	Mating (regent 800 WG)	0.25 kg/ha	Nov/2006
2B	Break-backs		Feb/2007
	Fertilizing of coverage (31-00-00)	0.20 t/ha	Jun/2008-Jun/2009
pasture/soybean/sugarcane	Pre-emergent herbicide	0.14 kg/ha	Jun/2008 - Jun/2009

6B
soybean/sugarcane fertirrigated/1A	Fertirrigation (vinasse)	150 m³/ha	Jun/2008
pasture/sugarcane fertirrigated/2A	Fertirrigation (vinasse)	150 m³/ha	Jun/2008

horizon cm	Structure	Consistency			Transition
horizon cm	Structure	dry	moist	wet	Transition
1A profile- soybean/sugarcane fertirrigated
A 0 – 13	Small subangular blocks	H	FI	FPL, FST	G, W
AB 13 – 50	Medium to small subangular blocks	SH	FI	PL, VST	D, W
BA 50 – 90	Small subangular blocks	H	FR	PL, VST	C, W
Bw1 90 – 110	Small granular	SH	FR	PL, VST	D, W
Bw2 110– 150+	Small granular	S	VFR	PL, STI
1B profile- soybean/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0 – 23	Medium subangular blocks	H	FI	FPL, FST	G, W
AB 23 – 65	Medium to small subangular blocks	MD	FI	PL, STI	D, F
BA 65 – 88	Small subangular blocks	MD	FI	PL, VST	D, F
Bw1 88 – 116	Small subangular blocks	SH	FR	PL, VST	D, W
Bw2 116 – 150+	Small granular	S	VFR	PL, VST
2A profile- pasture/sugarcane fertirrigated
A 0 – 33	Small subangular blocks	S	VFR	PL, SST	G, F
AB 33 – 47	Medium to small subangular blocks	SH	FR	PL, STI	C, F
BA 47 – 77	Small subangular blocks	SH	FR	PL, STI	G, I
Bw1 77 – 115	Small granular	S	FR	LPL, SST	D, F
Bw2 115 – 150+	Small granular	S	VFR	SPA, SST
2B profile- pasture/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0 – 15 (20)	Large laminar	MD	VFI	LPL, SST	D, W
AB 15 – 53 (65)	Large laminar	MD	VFI	LPL, FST	D, F
Bw1 53 – 102	Medium subangular blocks	SH	VFR	LPL, VST	G, W
Bw2 102 – 150+	Small granular	SH	VFR	VPL, VST
6B profile- succession pasture/soybean/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0 – 28	Small subangular blocks	SH	FR	NPL, SST	C, W
AB 28 – 56	Small subangular blocks	SH	FR	LPL, SST	A, F
Bw1 56 – 90	Small subangular blocks	SH	VFR	LPL, SST	A, F
Bw2 90 – 150+	Small granular	S	VFR	LPL, SST
7C profile- natural vegetation
A 0 – 20	Small to lumpy granular	H	VFR	VPL, STI	G, F
AB 20 -53	Small granular	SH	VFR	PL, STI	G, F
BA 53 – 90	Large angular blocks that break into small granules	SH	VFR	LPL, STI	C, W
Bw1 90- 130	Large angular blocks that break into small granules	S	VFR	FPL, FST	C, F
Bw2 130 – 150+	Small angular blocks	S	VFR	PL, STI

Profile/Horizon	Texture g kg ^-1			Textural class	WDC	FD	Density		TP	OMC
Profile/Horizon	Texture g kg ^-1				Soi	Part			TP	OMC
Depth in cm	Sand	Silt	Clay		g cm^-3 %	g cm^-3 %			%	g dm^-3
(Profile 1A) soybean/sugarcane fertirrigated
A 0-13	420	110	470	Clayey	10	81	1,08	2,78	61	17
AB 13-50	400	100	500	Clayey	4	93	1,07	2,64	59	10
BA 50-90	370	120	510	Clayey	4	93	0,91	2,77	67	6
Bw1 90-110	500	100	400	Sandy clay	0	100	0,94	2,70	65	3
Bw2 110-150+	570	90	340	Sandy clay	2	96	1,03	3,14	67	2
(Profile 1B) soybean/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0-23	470	110	420	Sandy clay	2	96	1,28	2,60	50	22
AB 23-65	450	110	440	Clayey	2	97	1,28	2,70	53	11
BA 65-88	390	110	500	Clayey	0	100	1,13	2,79	59	6
Bw1 88-116	370	120	510	Clayey	2	96	1,11	2,78	60	3
Bw2 116-150+	420	110	470	Clayey	0	100	1,06	2,77	62	2
(Profile 2 A) pasture/sugarcane fertirrigated
A 0-33	540	90	370	Sandy clay	10	79	1,15	2,88	60	18
AB 33-47	470	110	420	Sandy clay	0	100	1,05	2,64	60	10
BA 47-77	460	110	430	Sandy clay	4	92	1,03	3,11	67	6
Bw1 77-115	570	90	340	Sandy clay	0	100	1,03	3,11	67	2
Bw2 115-150+	690	70	240	Sandy clay loam	0	100	1,06	2,63	60	2
(Profile 2B) pasture/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0-15 (20)	300	130	570	Clayey	2	95	1,50	3,08	51	17
AB 15-53 (65)	350	120	530	Clayey	2	96	1,29	2,24	42	10
Bw 1 53-102	450	110	440	Clayey	2	96	1,10	2,65	59	7
Bw2 102-150+	500	100	400	Sandy clay	2	96	1,05	2,58	59	2
(Profile 6B) sucessão pasture/soybean/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0-28	470	110	420	Sandy clay	0	100	1,22	2,25	33	10
AB 28-56	400	120	480	Clayey	0	100	1,36	2,46	45	7
Bw1 56-90	420	110	470	Clayey	0	100	1,27	2,27	44	6
Bw2 90-150+	420	110	470	Clayey	0	100	1,15	2,30	50	7
(Profile 7C) natural vegetation
A 0-20	500	100	400	Sandy clay	8	88	1,16	2,70	57	29
AB 20-53	470	110	420	Sandy clay	10	83	1,03	2,48	58	11
BA 53-90	370	120	510	Clayey	4	94	1,00	2,78	64	7
Bw1 90-130	360	120	520	Clayey	4	92	1,01	2,77	63	3
Bw2 130-150+	390	110	500	Cayey	0	100	0,98	3,13	69	2

Hor cm	Microstructure/ pedality	Porosity (dominant): type and dimension	Features: types (%)
PROFILE 1A- soybean/sugarcane fertirrigated
A 0-13	BSA mm, S to M	IA, Th to VT; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (18) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh (28)
AB 13-50	BSA mm, S to M	IA, Th to Me; Cn and Fi mm	NFe (15) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (45)
BA 50-90	BSR and BSAmm, S to M	IA, Th to VT; Cn mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh (50)
Bw1 90-110	BSR and BSA mm, S	IA, Me to Th ; Cn and Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (3); Cnfomh (45)
Bw2 110- 150+	BSR mm, S	IA, Me to Th ; Cn mm	NFe (8) and Nco mm (2): Cnfomh (46)
PROFILE 1B- soybean/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0-23	BSR mm, W	IA, Th to VT; Fi mm	NFe (20) and Nco mm (10); Cnfomh (2)
AB 23-65	BSA mm, M to W	IA, Th to Me; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh (20)
BA 65-88	BSA mm, M to S	IA, Th to Me; Cn and Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (3); Cnfomh (40)
Bw1 88-116	BSA and BSR mm, S	IA, Th to VT; Cn and Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (2); Cnfomh (18)
Bw2 116- 150+	BSA and BSR mm, S	IA, Me to Th ; Cm and Cv mm	NFe (8) and Nco mm (2); Cnfomh (26)
PROFILE 2A- pasture/sugarcane fertirrigated
A 0-33	BSA mm, S to M	IA, Th to VT; Cn and Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (30)
AB 33-47	BSR mm, S to M	IA, Th to VT; Cv mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (23)
BA 47-77	BSA mm, S to M	IA, Th to VT; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (22)
Bw1 77- 115	BSR and BSA mm, S	IA, Th to VT; Cv mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (32)
Bw2 115-150+	BSR and BSA mm, S	IA, Th to VT; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (8) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh (27)
PROFILE 2B- pasture/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0-15 (20)	BSA mm, M to W	IA, Th Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (7); Cnfomh (5)
AB ' 15-53	BSA mm, W	IA, Th ; Cv and Fi mm	NFe (8) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh(12), Ex
Bw1 53-102	BSA mm, S to M	IA, Th; Ca, Cm and Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh (45)
Bw2 102- 150+	BSA and BSR mm, S	IA, Th ; Fi, Cn and Cv mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (3); Cnfomh (43)
PROFILE 6B- succession pasture/soybean/sugarcane not fertirrigated
A 0-28	BSR mm, S to M	IA, Th to VT; Cn and Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (3);Cnfomh(13),Ex
AB 28-56	BSR mm, S	IA, Th to VT; Cv and Fi mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (3); Cnfomh (42)
Bw1 56-90	BSA and BSR mm, S	IA, Th to Me; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (8) and Nco mm (3); Cnfomh (35)
Bw2 90-150+	BSR mm, S to M	IA, Me to Th ; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (8) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh (23)
PROFILE 7C- natural vegetation
A 0-20	BSR mm, S to W	IA, Me; Cn, Cv and Fi mm	NFe (15) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (50)
AB 20-53	BSR mm, S to M	IA, Me to Th ; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (15) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (60)
BA 53-90	BSR mm, S to M	IA, Me to Th ; Cm mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (8); Cnfomh (55)
Bw1 90-130	BSR mm, S to M	IA, Me to Th ; Cn and Cv mm	NFe (10) and Nco mm (5); Cnfomh (48)
Bw2 130-150+	BSR mm, S	IA, Th to VT; Cn and Cm mm	NFe (8) and Nco mm (3); Cnfomh (37)

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[TFN05] Number followed by letter A management fertirrigated; Number followed by letter B management not fertirrigated.