With this work, we went through the Brazilian Procamallanus, all of them but one recovered from freshwater fishes. We describe Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis n. sp., which is related to Procamallanus (S.) pexatus pinto, Fabio, Noronha & Rolas, 1976 and to Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii Vaz & Pereira, 1934 is redescribed. The adapted and modified original descriptions of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) macaensis Vicente & Santos, 1972 and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) barroslimai Pereira, 1935 are included. The latter should be considered a synonym of P. (S.) inopinatus, but the lack of the type sample or fresh material and substantial data prevented us to do so. Therefore, its validity is rather doubtful as also suggested by Kloss (1966), and for this reason it was not included in the key to the species. All the Brazilian Procamallanus species recovered from characid fishes were discussed in order to let one knows what are the really valid ones up to now. We also list the unidentified damaged material which was put only under the genus, as well as the hosts' scientific and common names and their geographical distribution.