Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction of weight training practitioners

Oliveira, Daniel Vicentini de; Nascimento Júnior, José Roberto Andrade do; Cunha, Paolo Marcello da; Siqueira, Jéssica Fernanda; Silva, Érica Cristina Félix da; Cavaglieri, Cláudia Regina

doi:10.1590/S1980-6574201800020017

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Motriz: Revista de Educação Física

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Motriz: rev. educ. fis. 24 (02) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201800020017 copy

Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction of weight training practitioners

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

AIMS

This study aimed at investigating the socio-demographic and health-related variables associated with body image dissatisfaction.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study. 894 (34.04±13.62 years old) weight training practitioners from a medium-large city in the south of Brazil participated in this study. A socio-demographic questionnaire was used along with the Body Shape Questionnaire. The Chi-squared Test and the Binary Logistic Regression (p<0.05) were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

Female subjects who have been practicing weight training for two to five years are more likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies (OR=4.305 [95% CI=2.984-6.213; OR=1.773 [95% CI=1.086-2.895], p<0,05, respectively).

CONCLUSION

There is one group of individuals who are less likely to experience body weight satisfaction. This group of people has three characteristics: 1, 2, and 3.

Keywords:
body image; physical activity; sports psychology

VARIABLES	ƒ	%
Sex
Male	422	47,2
Female	472	52,8
Marital status
With a partner	473	52,9
Without a partner	421	47,1
Monthly income
Up to 1 minimum wage	140	15,7
1 to 2 minimum wages	219	24,5
More than 2 minimum wages	535	59,8
Education
Incomplete Elementary Education	44	4,8
Complete Elementary Education	177	19,8
Complete High School	281	31,4
Complete Higher Education	392	44,0
Smoking
Has never smoked	673	75,3
Has already smoked	169	18,9
Currently smokes	52	5,8
Race
Caucasian	733	82,0
Black	121	13,5
Asian	40	4,5
Occupational situation
Active	676	75,6
Non-active	218	24,4
Being a current student
Yes	349	39,1
No	545	60,9

VARIABLES	ƒ	%
Health self-perception
Bad/Regular	81	9,1
Good	342	38,3
Very good/Excellent	471	52,7
Body self-perception
Slim	193	21,6
Normal	589	65,9
Fat	112	12,5
Weight training time
Less than 6 months	279	31,2
6 months to 2 years	335	37,5
2.1 to 5 years	174	19,5
More than 5 years	106	11,9
Weekly frequency
1 to 2 times	121	13,5
3 to 4 times	488	54,6
5 times or more	285	31,9
Reason for practicing
Medical recommendation	406	45,4
Leisure	308	34,5
Aesthetics	124	13,9
Others	56	6,3
Level of physical activity
Irregularly active	124	13,9
Active	276	30,9
Very Active	494	55,3
Being practicing other exercises
Yes	444	49,7
No	450	50,3
Body image dissatisfaction
Absence	636	71,1
Presence	258	28,9

VARIABLES	Body image dissatisfaction		X²	P
	Absence (n=636)	Presence (n=258)
	ƒ (%)	ƒ (%)
Sex
Male	360 (85,3)	62 (14,7)	78,139	*0,001^ * Significant association - p < 0.05: Qui-scared Test.**
Female	276 (58,5)	196 (41,5)	78,139
Marital status
With a partner	345 (72,9)	128 (27,1)	1,591	0,198
Without a partner	291 (69,1)	130 (30,9)	1,591	0,198
Monthly income
Up to 1 minimum wage	88 (62,9)	52 (37,1)	5,596	*0,018^ * Significant association - p < 0.05: Qui-scared Test.**
1 to 2 minimum wages	155 (70,8)	64 (29,2)
More than 2 minimum wages	393 (73,5)	142 (26,5)
Education
Incomplete Elementary School	31 (70,5)	13 (29,5)	0,050	0,823
Complete Elementary School	128 (72,3)	49 (27,7)
Complete High School	200 (71,2)	81 (28,8)
Complete Higher School	277 (70,8)	114 (29,2)
Smoking
Has never smoked	480 (71,3)	193 (28,7)	3,628	*0,047^ * Significant association - p < 0.05: Qui-scared Test.**
Has already smoked	122 (72,2)	47 (27,8)
Currently smokes	34 (65,4)	18 (34,6)
Race
Caucasian	522 (71,2)	211 (28,8)	0,329	0,566
Black	89 (73,6)	32 (26,4)
Asian	25 (62,5)	15 (37,5)
Occupational situation
Active	492 (72,8)	184 (27,2)	3,632	0,057
Non-active	144 (66,1)	74 (33,9)	3,632	0,057
Being a current student
Yes	249 (71,6)	99 (28,4)	0,054	0,815
No	386 (70,8)	159 (29,2)	0,054	0,815

VARIABLES	Body image dissatisfaction		X²	P
	Absence (n=636)	Presence (n=258)
	ƒ (%)	ƒ (%)
Health self-perception
Bad/Regular	42 (51,9)	39 (48,1)	16,990	0,001^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Qui-scared Test.
Good	244 (71,3)	98 (28,7)
Very good/Excellent	350 (74,3)	121 (25,7)
Body self-perception
Slim	82 (42,4)	111 (57,5)	100,611	0,001^* * Significant association - p < 0,05: Qui-squared Test.
Normal	459 (77,9)	130 (22,1)
Fat	95 (84,8)	17 (15,2)
Weight training time
Less than 6 months	191 (68,5)	88 (31,5)	1,420	0,203
6 months to 2 years	244 (72,8)	91 (27,2)
2.1 to 5 years	119 (68,4)	55 (31,6)
More than 5 years	82 (77,4)	24 (22,6)
Weekly frequency
1 to 2 times	84 (69,4)	37 (30,6)	0,518	0,472
3 to 4 times	345 (70,7)	143 (29,3)
5 times or more	207 (72,6)	78 (27,4)
Reason for practicing
Medical recommendation	256 (63,1)	150 (36,9)	12,430	0,001^* * Significant association - p < 0,05: Qui-squared Test.
Leisure	249 (80,8)	59 (19,2)
Aesthetics	84 (67,7)	40 (32,3)
Others	47 (83,9)	9 (16,1)
Level of physical activity
Sedentary	79 (63,7)	45 (36,3)	3,691	0,055
Active	196 (71,0)	80 (29,0)
Very Active	361 (73,1)	133 (26,9)
Being practicing other exercises
Yes	324 (73,0)	120 (27,0)	1,442	0,230
No	312 (69,3)	138 (30,7)	1,442	0,230

Variables	OR _gross	OR _adjusted [C.I. 95%]
Age	0,987 [0,976-0,998]*	0,980 [0,966-0,994]*
Sex
Male	1,00	1,00
Female	4,123 [2,977-5,712]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	4,305 [2,984-6,213]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Marital status
Active	1,00	1,00
Non-active	1,204 [0,901-1,609]	1,129 [0,807-1,580]
Smoking
Has never smoked	1,00	1,00
Has already smoked	0,958 [0,658-1,395]	1,254 [0,804-1,956]
Currently smokes	1,317 [0,726-2,388]	1,281 [0,612-2,681]
Monthly income
Up to 1 minimum wage	1,00	1,00
1 to 2 minimum wages	0,699 [0,446-1,096]	0,766 [0,441-1,330]
More than 2 minimum wages	0,611 [0,413-0,906]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	0,799 [0,491-1,300]
Occupational situation
Active	1,00	1,00
Non-active	1,374 [1,008-1,907]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	1,180 [0,783-1,777]
Health self-perception
Bad/Regular	1,00	1,00
Good	1,162 [0,850-1,588]	0,893 [0,617-1,292]
Very good/Excellent	2,686 [1,658-4,351]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	1,717 [0,945-3,119]
Body self-perception
Slim	1,00	1,00
Normal	0,209 [0,148-0,296]	0,219 [0,145-0,330]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Fat	0,132 [0,073-0,238]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	0,113 [0,059-0,217]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Weight training time
Less than 6 months	1,00	1,00
6 months to 2 years	0,809 [0,571-1,147]	1,355 [0,893-2,056]
2.1 to 5 years	1,003 [0,668-1,507]	1,773 [1,086-2,895]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.
More than 5 years	0,635 [0,378-1,069]	1,091 [0,590-2,015]
Reason for practicing
Medical recommendation	1,00	1,00
Leisure	0,404 [0,286-0,573]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	0,576 [0,384-0,862]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Aesthetics	0,813 [0,530-1,246]	1,052 [0,642-1,726]
Others	0,327 [0,156-0,686]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	0,447 [0,201-0,996]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Level of physical activity
Sedentary	1,00	1,00
Active	0,717 [0,457-1,123]	0,581 [0,343-0,986]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Non-active	0,647 [0,426-0,981]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.	0,559 [0,344-0,909]^* * Significant association - p < 0.05: Binary Logistic Regression. OR adjusted by all the variables. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = confidence interval.

Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP/Brasil, Tel.: (55 19) 3526-4330 - Rio Claro - SP - Brazil
E-mail: motriz.rc@unesp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author:
Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Endereço: Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. CEP: 13083-887. Campinas, SP. d.vicentini@hotmail.com