So much with so little: new records of Cladocera and Cyclestherida (Branchiopoda) for Alagoas State, Brazil

Abstract

Despite the recent increase in knowledge about Brazilian Cladoceromorpha (Cladocera and Cyclestherida), this group of fauna is poorly known in some regions of the country, including Alagoas State. Based on the literature and a few original samples, the present paper reports 35 species of Cladoceromorpha from Alagoas, 18 of which are new records for the state. The observed taxa are illustrated. In addition, distributional and taxonomic comments on selected taxa are provided.

Keywords:
Clam shrimp; distribution records; Neotropical ecoregions; richness; water flea

INTRODUCTION

Cladoceromorpha designates the monophyletic group formed by Cyclestherida Negrea, Botnariuc and Dumont, 1999 and Cladocera H. Milne Edwards, 1840. Nevertheless, despite being a well-supported group, it is not a formal taxon (Olesen, 2009; Uozumi et al., 2021).

So far, Cyclestherida is composed of a single species, the circumtropical Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859), but there is evidence that it represents a complex of cryptic species (Schwentner et al., 2013). It is considered the most common “conchostracan” in Brazil (Rabet and Thiéry, 1998).

Cladocera, on the other hand, is a more diverse group, with more than 600 species (Forró et al., 2008). A recent review counted 169 cladoceran taxa in Brazil and pointed out the increasing knowledge of Brazilian cladoceran biodiversity (Elmoor-Loureiro et al., 2023). The last 25 years were distinguished by intense taxonomic research on Brazilian Cladocera (e.g., Kotov et al., 2004; Van Damme et al., 2005; Sinev and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2010; Sousa and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2018; Sousa et al., 2015, 2022) and checklists for some states (e.g., Rocha et al., 2011; Brito et al., 2020; Santos et al., 2021; Macêdo et al., 2022).

Despite the increase in Brazilian cladoceran knowledge, Elmoor-Loureiro et al. (2023) also revealed regions of the country where the cladoceran fauna is poorly known. One of them is the state of Alagoas in Northeastern Brazil.

Alagoas is the second smallest Brazilian state and is rich in freshwater bodies. According to Freire et al. (2022), several rivers, streams, creeks, weirs, dams, ponds, and lagoons are important elements of the landscapes of this state. However, paradoxically, its freshwater biodiversity is poorly known, at least for the Cladoceromorpha.

Cyclestherida has not been reported for Alagoas State by Rabet and Thiéry (1998). The literature search carried out for the present paper did not recover any report for this state.

Regarding Cladocera, until now, only 16 species have been recognized as occurring in Alagoas State (Elmoor-Loureiro, 2000), and these records go back to the 1930s. While working in Brazil, Otto Schubart had taken several samples in Pernambuco and Alagoas, whose cladocerans were identified by Vincenz Brehm (Brehm and Thonsem, 1936; Brehm, 1937). A few years later, an additional list was published for both states (Schubart, 1942). Since then, no other cladoceran report has been published for Alagoas State (Elmoor-Loureiro et al., 2023).

The present paper aims to report new Cladoceromorpha occurrences in Alagoas State, present illustrations of the species, review the literature records, and offer distributional and taxonomic comments on selected taxa.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study area

The present paper considers occurrences from the literature (sites 1-7, Tab. 1, Fig. 1) and from original samples (sites 8-11, Tab. 1, Figs. 1, 2). Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro took the original samples, which are briefly described here: Site 8 - Mundaú Lagoon, at Rendeiras district, Pontal da Barra, 09°41'S 035°46'W, on 26.vii.1985. Site 9 - wetland in the Santo Antônio Grande River floodplain, alongside AL-101 road, 09°22'S 035°29'W, on 8.xi.2022 (in this site, three samples were taken: water flowing among macrophytes, Fig. 2A ; under flooded woods, Fig. 2B ; open area, among emergent macrophytes, Fig. 2C , D). Site 10 - wetland close to AL-101 road, Antunes beach, municipality of Maragogi, among macrophytes, 08°58'36"S 035°11'7"W (Fig. 2E , F; in this site, two samples were taken on 3.xi.2022 and on 10.xi.2022). Site 11 - marsh close to BR-101 road, about 3 km from the road to Japaratinga, among macrophytes, 08°52'S 035°37'W, on 26.vii.1985.

Table 1.
List of sites in Alagoas state Brazil with information on Cladoceromorpha occurrences, the respective reference, and the Regional Hydrographic Region - RHR (Badiru et al., 2019). Localities are organized according to their ecoregions. MMLEC - Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoon-Estuary Complex. Additional information about the sites sampled in the present study can be found in the text.

Sites		Reference	RHR
São Francisco Ecoregion
1	Paulo Afonso Fall (nowadays, Sobradinho Reservoir)	Brehm and Thomsen, 1936; Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942	Rio Moxotó
Northeastern Caatinga and Coastal Drainages Ecoregion
2	Mundaú River, near Satuba	Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942	MMLEC
3	Maceió, Bebedouro district, unidentiffied site	Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942	MMLEC
4	Trapiche da Barra, puddle behind the dunes	Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942	MMLEC
5	Jacarecica, puddle behind the dunes	Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942	Rio Pratagi
6	Rio da Praia (probably Pratagi River), near Riacho Doce	Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942	Rio Pratagi
7	Garça Torta Beach, in a stream	Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942	Rio Pratagi
8	Mundaú Lagoon, Maceió	present paper	MMLEC
9	Wetland in floodplain of Santo Antônio Grande River	present paper	Rio Camaragibe
10	Wetland adjacent to AL101 road, Maragogi	present paper	Litoral Norte
11	Wetland adjacent to BR101 road	present paper	Rio Jacuípe

Figure 1.
Map of the current known distribution of cladocerans in Alagoas State, Brazil, from literature (white circles) and original samples (red circles). Numbers (1-11) identify the sampling sites according to Tab. 1. Background colors represent the two freshwater ecoregions in the state coincident with the Brazilian hydrographic regions (SFHR, São Francisco Hydrographic Region; ENAHR, Eastern Northeast Atlantic Hydrographic Region).

Figure 2.
Some of the sampling sites. A-D, site 9, a wetland in the Santo Antônio Grande River floodplain, municipality of Barra de Santo Antônio (A, arrow indicates water flow in the marginal flooded woods; B, flooded woods; C, D, open area). E, F, site 10, wetland close to AL-101 road, Antunes beach, municipality of Maragogi. Photographs: L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Figure 3.
Rarefaction analysis based on the number of sites sampled for cladocerans in the Alagoas State. The accumulation curve does not reach an asymptote.

Site 1 is located in the Sertão Mesoregion of the state (Badiru et al., 2019), in the Caatinga Biome, and belongs to the São Francisco Ecoregion (Abell et al., 2008) and the São Francisco Hydrographic Region (CNRH, 2003). The climate is hot and semi-arid (steppe), BSs’h’ according to the Köppen classification (Barros et al., 2012).

The remaining sites (2 to 11) are in the Litoral Mesoregion (Badiru et al., 2019), in the Atlantic Rainforest Biome, in areas characterized by Ombrophilous Forests in mosaic with pioneer formations, such as restinga (Soares et al., 2022). They belong to Northeastern Caatinga and Coastal Drainages Ecoregion (Abell et al., 2008) and Eastern Northeast Atlantic Hydrographic Region (CNRH, 2003). The climate is hot and humid, with autumn and winter rains, corresponding to As in the Köppen classification, with some local subtypes (Barros et al., 2012).

According to Badiru et al. (2019), there are 16 regional hydrographic regions in Alagoas proposed for management purposes, and the sampled sites are found in six of them (Tab. 1).

Specimen identification and data analysis

Except for site 9, the samples were totally screened under a stereoscopic microscope. For site 9, a subsample of about 500 specimens were selected and identified. The animals were observed and identified under an Axiolab Zeiss phase contrast microscope.

Voucher specimens are deposited in the Lourdes M.A Elmoor-Loureiro collection, under access numbers EL01789, EL02848, EL03807-EL03841.

For illustration purposes, selected animals were transferred to slides containing glycerin, and photos were taken using a Digital Camera OPTO-EDU A59.4910, mounted on one of the eyepieces. To highlight some characters, the Helicon Focus stacking software (https://www.heliconsoft.com/heliconsoft-products/ helicon-focus/) was used. In some cases, the resulting images have artificially reinforced lines, but this defect was considered acceptable to enhance the diagnostic features.

A species accumulation curve using a rarefaction method (based on the number of sites) was built to evaluate the effect of sampling effort on the richness observed (Gotelli and Colwell, 2010). In addition, the non-parametric estimators Jackknife 1 and Chao 2 were calculated to approach total richness. All analyses were obtained using the PAST software (Hammer et al., 2001).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The original samples provided records of 25 Cladoceromorpha taxa, 18 representing new occurrences for Alagoas state (Tab. 2). With these new records, the total number of taxa listed for Alagoas more than doubled, reaching 35 species. With the addition of a few samples, this significant increase may seem surprising, but it was predictable, given that the lack of knowledge about the Alagoan fauna was even more remarkable.

Table 2.
List of species of Cladoceromorpha reported from Alagoas state and their sites of occurrence (number code according to Table 1). * first report for the state.

Taxa	Localities
SUPERORDER CLADOCERA A. Milne-Edwards, 1840 (sensuNegrea, Botnariuc and Dumont, 1999)
ORDER CTENOPODA Sars, 1865
Family Sididae Baird, 1850
* Diaphanosoma breviremeSars, 1901	9, 10
Latonopsis australis Sars, 1888	1, 5, 4 (as L. brevireme and L. occidentalis)
* Sarsilatona serricauda (Sars, 1901)	10
ORDER ANOMOPODA Sars, 1865
Family Chydoridae Dybowski and Grochowski, 1894
* Acroperus tupinambaSinev and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2010	9
Alona isabellae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos, 2016	6 (as Alona intermedia)
* Alonella cf clathratulaSars, 1896	9
* Alonella dadayiBirge, 1910	9, 11
Anthalona verrucosa (Sars, 1901)	5 (as Alona verrucosa), 9, 10
* Biapertura ossiani (Sinev, 1998)	9
Chydorus eurynotus Sars, 1901	2, 3 and 5 (as Chydorus flavescens), 9, 10
* Chydorus nitidulus (Sars, 1901)	9, 10
Dadaya macrops (Daday, 1898)	2, 5, 7
Disparalona sp.	3 (as Pleuroxus chappuisi)
Dunhevedia odontoplax Sars, 1901	2, 5, 7 (partially as Dunhevedia odontocephala)
* Ephemeroporus barroisi s.l. (Richard, 1894)	9
* Ephemeroporus hybridus (Daday, 1905)	9, 10
Ephemeroporus tridentatus (Bergamin, 1939)	7 (as Chydorus cf. poppei), 9
Euryalona orientalis (Daday, 1898)	2 (as Euryalona occidentalis)
* Karualona muelleri (Richard, 1897)	9, 10
Leberis davidi (Richard, 1895)	4 (Alona davidi and Alonella diaphana)
Leydigiopsis ornata Daday, 1905	3, 9, 10
Ovalona glabra (Sars, 1901)	3 (as Alona pulchela)
* Oxyurella ciliataBergamin, 1939	9
Oxyurella longicaudis (Birge, 1910)	2 (as Odontalona longicaudis), 10
Family Daphniidae Straus, 1820
* Ceriodaphnia cornutaSars, 1885	1, 10
Simocephalus acutirostratus King, 1853	2 (as Simocephalus acutirostris)
Family Ilyocryptidae Smirnov, 1992
* Ilyocryptus spiniferHerrick, 1882	9
Family Macrothricidae Norman and Brady, 1867
* Grimaldina freyiNeretina and Kotov, 2017	9, 10
Macrothrix elegans Sars, 1901	5 and 7 (as Macrothrix triserialis), 9, 10
* Macrothrix squamosaSars, 1901	9, 10
* Streblocerus pygmaeusSars, 1901	9
Family Moinidae Goulden, 1968
Moina micrura Kurz, 1875	1, 4 (as Moina propinqua)
* Moina minutaHansen, 1899	8
Moinodaphnia macleayi (King, 1853)	7, 9, 10
ORDER CYCLESTHERIDA Negrea, Botnariuc and Dumont, 1999
Family Cyclestheridae Sars, 1887
* Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859)	10

Nonetheless, the observed richness is lower than that recorded for neighboring states: 51 species for Pernambuco (Soares and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2011) and 72 species for Bahia (Macêdo et al., 2021). It should be noted that sampling in these two states has been more intense than in Alagoas. In addition, the rarefaction curve did not reach an asymptote (Fig. 3), and the estimators (Chao 2: 46.23; Jackknife 2: 50.45) were higher than the observed richness. Thus, cladoceran species richness in Alagoas should be considered underestimated.

Concerning Cyclestherida, C. hislopi (Fig. 4) was found at site 9, and it was reported for the first time from Alagoas. There are reports of this species in the Federal District (Elmoor-Loureiro and Mendonça-Galvão, 2008) and several Brazilian states: Amazonas, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Mato Grosso, São Paulo (Rabet and Thiéry, 1998), Maranhão (Van Damme and Dumont, 2010), Pará (Silva et al., 2011), Mato Grosso do Sul (Rocha and Por, 1998), Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Paraíba (Rogers et al., 2020). As mentioned before, the status of C. hislopi as a single species is questionable (Schwentner et al., 2013; Ferreira-Oliveira and Rohn, 2014), and a broad taxonomic revision is necessary to clarify this matter.

Figure 4.
Cyclestheria hislopi from Alagoas State, Brazil. A, habitus; B, second antenna; C, caudal part. Photographs: L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Regarding Cladocera, we found 24 species (Tab. 2), all illustrated in Figs. 5-9 (except the single damaged specimen of Streblocerus pygmaeusSars, 1901). The aim here is not to present diagnoses of these taxa, but the figures focus on their most diagnostic characteristics, allowing us to confirm their identifications.

Figure 5.
Cladocerans from Alagoas Brazil. A-C, Acroperus tupinamba (A, habitus; B, postabdomen; C, postero-ventral corner of carapace). D-G, Anthalona verrucosa (D, habitus; E, trunk limb I, setae on inner distal lobe; F, postabdomen; G, head pores - mp, main pores; lp, cosmarium-like lateral pores). H-J, Biapertura ossiani (H, habitus single specimen available partially damaged; I, posteroventral corner of carapace; J, basal spine of the postabdominal claw; arrow shows the group of setules arising proximal to its base). K-M, Alonella cf. clathratula (K, habitus; L, postabdomen; M, postero-ventral corner of carapace). N-Q, Alonella dadayi (N, habitus; O, P, posteroventral corner of carapace showing a variable number of denticles in a single specimen; Q, postabdomen). Phase contrast is used in C, E, G, I, J, M, O, P, and Q. Photographs: L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Figure 6.
Cladocerans from Alagoas Brazil. A-D, Chydorus eurynotus (A, habitus; B, posteroventral corner of carapace; C, postabdominal claw; arrow shows denticles on the dorsal side; D, trunk limb I, arrow shows robust seta on the inner distal lobe). E-G, Chydorus nitidulus (E, habitus; F, posteroventral corner of carapace; G, postabdomen). H, Ephemeroporus tridentatus, postabdomen exemplifying the morphology of the genus. I-K, Ephemeroporus barroisi s.l. (I, habitus; J, postero-ventral corner of carapace; K, labrum). L-N, Ephemeroporus hybridus (L, habitus; M, postero-ventral corner of carapace; N, labrum). O-Q, Ephemeroporus tridentatus (O, habitus; P, postero-ventral corner of carapace; Q, labrum). Phase contrast is used in B, F, H, J, K, M, N, P, and Q. Photographs: L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Figure 7.
Cladocerans from Alagoas Brazil. A-C, Karualona muelleri (A, habitus; B, postabdomen; C, postero-ventral corner of carapace). D-H, Leydigiopsis ornata (D, habitus; E, labrum; arrow indicates the protruding edge; F, third limb; numbers indicate the exopodite setae, being seta 7 longer than seta 6; G, postabdominal distal end; arrow shows the basal claw spine; H, postabdominal claw; arrow shows multifid basal spine). I-K, Oxyurella ciliata (I, habitus; J, postabdominal distal end; K, labrum; arrow indicates marginal fine setules). L, M, Oxyurella longicaudis (L, habitus; M, postabdominal distal end). Phase contrast is used in B, F, H, and K. Photographs: L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Figure 8.
Cladocerans from Alagoas State, Brazil. A, B, Ilyocryptus spinifer (A, habitus; B, postabdomen). C-F, Grimaldina freyi (C, habitus; D, antenna largest seta; E, antennule; F, postabdomen). G-J, Macrothrix elegans (G, habitus; H, head with rod-like antennule and arrow showing supraocular; I, abdominal setae insertion on a dorsal prominence of postabdomen; J, antennal exopod, distal spines on second segment numbered, spine 1 about two times spine 2). K-N, Macrothrix squamosa (K, habitus; L, distally widened antennule; M, abdominal setae insertion without postabdominal dorsal prominence; N, carapace dorsal rim). Phase contrast is used in B, D, and N. Photographs: L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Figure 9.
Cladocerans from Alagoas State, Brazil. A-C, Ceriodaphnia cornuta (A, habitus; B, spine on rostrum; C, postabdomen). D-F, Moina minuta (D, habitus; E, postabdomen, arrow indicates the bifid spine; F, postabdominal claw; arrow shows the strong basal pecten). G-I, Moinodaphnia macleayi (G, habitus; H, postabdomen distal end; I, antennal exopod, distal three setae and a long spine shown by arrow). J-L, Diaphanosoma brevireme (J, habitus; K, antenna; L, postero-ventral margin of carapace). M-S, Sarsilatona serricauda (M, habitus; N, antennule; O, antennal exopod distal, spines on second segment numbered; P-S, postabdomen, dorsal preanal protuberances numbered). Phase contrast is used in F and L. Photographs: L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Most sampled species belong to the Chydoridae family, a pattern usually observed in the Neotropics (e.g., Santos-Wisniewski et al., 2011; Soares and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2011; Sousa and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2012; Brito et al., 2020; Macêdo et al., 2021; 2022). Chydoridae is the largest cladoceran family (Forró et al., 2008) and they live in association with a variety of substrata, mostly macrophytes (Fryer, 1968), which were abundant in the sampled sites (Fig. 2).

Of the reported cladoceran taxa, 17 were found for the first time in Alagoas State (Tab. 2), and almost all were previously reported for Pernambuco and/or Bahia States (Soares and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2011; Macêdo et al., 2021), which border with Alagoas. Therefore, these taxa were expected to occur in this state, except for Oxyurella ciliataBergamin, 1939 (Fig. 7I -K), with no previous reports in the Northeastern Brazilian states and found in site 9. So far, O. ciliata was reported from São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul (Elmoor-Loureiro, 2000), Mato Grosso (Brito et al., 2020), Minas Gerais (Santos-Wisniewski et al., 2011), Rio de Janeiro (Macêdo et al., 2022), Acre (Cabral et al., 2021), and the Federal District (Sousa and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2012). It was also not reported from the Northeastern Caatinga and Coastal Drainages Ecoregion and Eastern Northeast Atlantic Hydrographic Region (Elmoor-Loureiro et al., 2023). Nevertheless, there is a record from the São Francisco Ecoregion and Hydrographic Region, in the Federal District (Souza et al., 2019), almost 2,000 km from site 9.

Some previous identifications were updated according to recent taxonomy (Tab. 2). Most of these updates are well documented (for a synthesis, see Kotov et al., 2013) and have been previously commented on (e.g., Elmoor-Loureiro, 2007; Soares and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2011; Macêdo et al., 2021). In addition, the distribution of these taxa in Brazilian territory was also recently revised (Elmoor-Loureiro et al., 2023). However, some taxa are worth discussing here.

Brehm (1937) and Schubart (1942) reported the presence of Alona intermediaSars, 1862 near Riacho Doce (site 6 in the present study). However, Sousa et al. (2016) showed that this Palearctic species does not occur in Brazil and described two new species of this complex: Alona isabellae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos 2016 and Alona elisae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos 2016. Of these two species, it is more probable that the old reports of A. intermedia in Alagoas belong to A. isabellae, which occurs in a wide distribution area and spectrum of environments. On the other hand, A. elisae was found only in a single rock pool in Goiás State (Sousa et al., 2016).

The decision to use the term conferatum for Alonella cf. clathratulaSars, 1896 (Fig. 5K -M) was initially based on the non-cosmopolitanism concept for cladoceran distribution (Frey, 1982; 1987), which has been well supported by subsequent studies (e.g., Sinev, 1998; Sousa et al., 2015; 2016; Neretina and Kotov, 2017). Furthermore, Van Damme and Dumont (2010) suggested that A. clathratula could represent a small species complex. A preliminary comparison of the specimens from original Sars slides, deposited in the Oslo Zoological Museum, with Brazilian specimens (unpublished data), also supports considering the Alagoan population as not belonging to true A. clathratula. However, a redescription of Australian specimens of A. clathratula is essential to define the status of South American populations.

Pleuroxus chappuisiBrehm, 1934, currently placed in DisparalonaFryer, 1968 (see Neretina et al., 2018), was reported in the Maceió region (site 3) (Brehm, 1937; Schubart, 1942), although Brehm (1937) observed some differences from an African population from its type locality. Furthermore, considering the non-cosmopolitanism in Cladocera, already discussed, the population from the Maceió region should not be assigned as Disparalona chappuisi. Sousa et al. (2018) revised the South American Disparalona, concluding that four species occur: Disparalona leptorhyncha (Daday, 1905), Disparalona hamata (Birge, 1879), Disparalona lucianae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro, Panarelli, Mugnai and Paggi, 2018, and Disparalona tenuispina Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro, Panarelli, Mugnai and Paggi, 2018. Except for D. hamata, the remaining three species occur in Bahia, a neighboring state. Comments and illustrations of Brehm (1937) do not allow the Alagoan specimens to be assigned to any of these taxa.

Leydigiopsis ornataDaday, 1905 is a valid Neotropical species, readily distinguished from Leydigiopsis curvirostrisSars, 1901, which has a longer rostrum, and from Leydigiopsis megalops Sars, 1901 by different post-abdominal morphology (Sinev, 2004). However, the separation from Leydigiopsis brevirostrisBrehm, 1938 is based on fine traits, such as the relative size of seta 6 and 7 of the third trunk limb: they are unequal in L. ornata (Fig. 7F ) and subequal in L. brevirostris (see Valdivia-Villar, 1984; Rey and Vasquez, 1986).

Finally, it is interesting to comment on Sarsilatona serricauda (Sars, 1901), a well-defined Neotropical species (Korovchisnky, 1992), already reported in Northeastern Brazilian states (Soares and Elmoor-Loureiro, 2011; Macêdo et al., 2021). In the Amazon region, it could co-occur with Sarsilatona behningi Korovchisnky, 1985, and the more conspicuous character distinguishing them is the dorsal protuberances of the postabdomen: S. serricauda presents large and pointed dorsal protuberances, while they are small and rounded in S. behningi (see Korovchisnky, 1992). However, these protuberances could suffer variation in S. serricauda (see Korovchisnky, 2018), which seems to be due to instar changes (Fig. 9Q-S, LMAEL, personal observation). Therefore, they should not be used as the unique diagnostic character and should be complemented by the analysis of other features, such as the distal spines on the first segment of the antennal exopod, which are unequal in S. serricauda (Fig. 9O ) and sub-equal in S. behningi (see Korovchisnky, 1992; 2018).

In summary, Alagoas State hosts a richness of species, which is similar or superior to areas from the Neotropics with more intense sampling effort (e.g., Duré et al., 2022; Umaña-Villalobos et al., 2023). Such findings reinforce the idea of the megadiversity of Brazilian Cladocera fauna. At the same time, it is necessary to expand the effort to new aquatic habitats in Alagoas since the richness is still underestimated.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which significantly improved the present paper.

REFERENCES

• Abell R, Thieme ML, Revenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Balderas SC, Bussing W, Stiassny MLJ, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertson J, Armijo E, Higgins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanayake E, Olson D, Lopez HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Perez MHS and Petry P 2008. Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. Bioscience, 58: 403-414. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507
  » https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507
• Badiru AI; dos Santos ND; Alvim RG and Vasconcelos AF 2019. Mapeamento para o zoneamento ecológico do território de Alagoas, Brasil. Confins, 40: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.4000/confins.20705
  » https://doi.org/10.4000/confins.20705
• Baird W 1850. Natural History of the British Entomostraca. London, The Royal Society, 394 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39641
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39641
• Baird W 1859. Description of some new recent Entomostracan from Nagpur collected by the Rev. S. Hislop. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 27: 231-234.
• Barros AHC, Araújo Filho JC, Silva AB and Santiago GACF 2012. Climatologia do Estado de Alagoas. Recife, Embrapa Solos, 32 pp. Available at https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/103956/1/BPD-211-Climatologia-Alagoas.pdf Accessed on 12 January 2023.
  » https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/103956/1/BPD-211-Climatologia-Alagoas.pdf
• Bergamin F 1939. Os Cladocera. 3. Revista da Indústria Animal, 2(4): 87-92.
• Birge EA 1879. Notes on Cladocera. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy, 4: 77-109.
• Birge EA 1910. Notes on Cladocera IV. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy, 16: 1017-1066.
• Brehm V 1934. II. Cladoceren. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud and P.A. Chappius en Afrique Française. Archiv Für Hydrobiologie, 26: 50-90. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.152165
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.152165
• Brehm V 1937. Brasilianische Cladoceren. Gesammelt von Dr. O. Schubart. Zweiter Bericht. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 35: 497-512. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19370350127
  » https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19370350127
• Brehm V 1938. Dritter Bericht über die von Dr. O. Schubart in Brasilien gesammelten Onychura. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 122: 94-103.
• Brehm V and Thomsen R 1936. Brasilianische Phyllopoden und Arguliden gesammelt von Herrn Dr. O. Schubart. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 166: 211-218.
• Brito MTS, Diniz LP, Pozzobom UM, Landeiro VL and Sousa FDR 2020. Biodiversity of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the state of Mato Grosso Brazil. International Journal of Limnology, 56: 7. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2020005
  » https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2020005
• Cabral GS, da Silva RS, Araujo RMG and Ghidini AR 2021. Composition and diversity of phytophilous cladocerans of oxbow lakes of Southwest Amazonian Acre state Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 21(2): e20201079. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1079
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1079
• CNRH - Conselho Nacional de Recursos Hídricos. 2003. Divisão Hidrográfica Nacional. Resolução nº 32. Available at: https://www.ceivap.org.br/ligislacao/Resolucoes-CNRH/Resolucao-CNRH%2032.pdf Accessed on 9 January 2023.
  » https://www.ceivap.org.br/ligislacao/Resolucoes-CNRH/Resolucao-CNRH%2032.pdf
• Daday EV 1898. Mikroskopische Susswasserthiere aus Ceylon. Természtrajzi Fuzetek, 21: 1-123.
• Daday EV 1905. Untersuchungen über die Süsswasser-Mikrofauna Paraguays. Zoologica, 18 (44): 1-375. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11316
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11316
• Duré GAV; Perbiche-Neves G and Bonecker CC 2022. A review of the zooplankton studies in Paraguay’s freshwater environments. Limnologica, 100: 126033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2022.126033
  » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2022.126033
• Dybowski B and Grochowski M 1894. O Lynceidach czyli Tonewkach fauny krajowej. Kosmos Seria a Biologia (Warsaw), 19: 376-383.
• Elmoor-Loureiro LMA 2000. Brazilian cladoceran studies: where do we stand? Nauplius, 8: 117-131.
• Elmoor-Loureiro LMA 2007. Phytophilous cladocerans (Crustacea Anomopoda and Ctenopoda) from Paranã River Valley, Goiás, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24: 344-352. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752007000200012
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752007000200012
• Elmoor-Loureiro LMA and Mendonça-Galvão L. 2008. Fauna Associada a macrófitas. p. 273-276. In: Fonseca FO (org.), Águas Emendadas. Distrito Federal, Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Meio Ambiente.
• Elmoor-Loureiro LMA, Sousa FDR, Oliveira FR, Joko CY, Perbiche-Neves G, da Silva ACS, Silva AJ, Ghidini AR, Meira BR, Aggio CEG, Morais-Junior CS, Eskinazi-Sant’Anna EM, Lansac-Tôha FM, Cabral GS, Portinho JL, Nascimento JR, Silva JVF, Veado L, Chiarelli LJ, Santana LO, Diniz LP, Braghin LSM, Schwind LTF, Melo Júnior M, Progênio M, Rocha MA, Silva MLC, Castilho-Noll MSM, Silva NJ, dos Santos NG, Morari PHR, Maia-Barbosa PM, Oliveira PM, Arrieira RL, Macêdo RL, Deosti S, Mantovano T, Gazulha V, Bonecker CC, Lansac-Tôha FA, Corgosinho PHC, Velho LFM and Simões NR 2023. Towards a synthesis of the biodiversity of freshwater Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda in Brazil. Limnologica, 100: 126008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2022.126008
  » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2022.126008
• Ferreira-Oliveira LG and Rohn R 2014. Discussão sobre a distribuição circuntropical de Cyclestheria hislopi (Branchiopoda Crustacea) e implicações na Paleontologia. Revista Científica da FHO/UNIARARAS, 2(2): 61-69.
• Forró L, Korovchinsky NM Kotov AA and Petrusek A 2008. Global diversity of cladocerans (Cladocera; Crustacea) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595: 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9013-5
  » https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9013-5
• Freire NCF, Pacheco AP, Fonseca DBC, Moraes OB and Queiroz VDB 2022. The lagoons of Alagoas in the Caatinga Biome: Detection analysis and temporal mapping within the context of climate change. Revista Caminhos de Geografia, 23(87): 36-52. https://doi.org/10.14393/RCG238758832
  » https://doi.org/10.14393/RCG238758832
• Frey DG 1982. Questions concerning cosmopolitanism in Cladocera. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 93(4): 484-502.
• Frey DG 1987. The taxonomy and biogeography of the Cladocera. Hydrobiologia, 145: 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02530260
  » https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02530260
• Fryer G 1968. Evolution and adaptative radiation in Chydoridae (Crustacea: Cladocera): A study in comparative functional morphology and ecology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B), 254: 221-385. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1968.0017
  » https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1968.0017
• Gotelli NJ and Colwell RK 2010. Estimating species richness. p. 39-54. In: Magurran AE and McGill BJ (Eds.), Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.
• Goulden CE 1968. The systematics and evolution of the Moinidae. Transactions of American Philosophical Society, 58(6): 1-101. https://doi.org/10.2307/1006102
  » https://doi.org/10.2307/1006102
• Hammer Ø, Harper DAT and Ryan PD 2001. Past: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4:1-9.
• Hansen HI 1899. Die Cladoceren und Cirripedien der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse Der Im Atlantischen Ozean Planktonexpedition Humbolt-Stift, 2: 3-7. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2167
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2167
• Herrick CL 1882. Notes on some Minnesota Cladocera. Geological and natural History Survey of Minnesota 10th Annual Report: 235-252.
• King R 1853. On some Australian Entomostracans - in continuation. Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 2: 253-263.
• Korovchinsky NM 1985. Sarsilatona, a new genus of the family Sididae (Crustacea Cladocera) with two redescribed species and one new species. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hidrobiologie, 70(3): 379-425. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19850700311
  » https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19850700311
• Korovchinsky NM 1992. Sididae & Holopediidae. Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world 3 . The Hague, SPB Academic Publishers, 82 pp.
• Korovchinsky NM 2018. Sididae & Holopediidae. Identification Guides to the Plankton and Benthos of Inland Waters 27 . Backhuys Publishers and Margraf Publishers GmbH, 203 pp.
• Kotov AA, Garfias-Espejo T and Elías-Gutiérrez M 2004. Separation of two Neotropical species: Macrothrix superaculeata (Smirnov, 1982) versus M. elegans Sars, 1901 (Macrothricidae Anomopoda Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 517: 61-88. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027337.57305.b0
  » https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027337.57305.b0
• Kotov AA, Forró L, Korovchinsky NM and Petrusek A 2013. World checklist of freshwater Cladocera species. Available at http://fada.biodiversity.be/group/show/17 Accessed on 30 June 2020.
  » http://fada.biodiversity.be/group/show/17
• Kurz W 1875. Dodekas neuer Cladoceren nebst einer kurzen Übersicht der Cladocerenfauna Böhmens. Sitzungsberichteder Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Wien, 70: 7-88.
• Macêdo RL, Sousa FDR, Veras V, Elmoor-Loureiro LMA and Branco CWC 2022. More on the distribution of cladoceran species: gaps and perspectives in Rio de Janeiro State southeastern Brazil. Nauplius, 30: e2022032. https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022032
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022032
• Macêdo RL, Sousa FDR, Jesus SB, Nunesmaia BJB, Branco CWC and Elmoor-Loureiro LMA 2021. Cladocera (Crustacea Branchiopoda) species of Bahia State Brazil: a critical update on species descriptions, distributions, and new records. Nauplius, 29 e2021011. https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2021011
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2021011
• Milne-Edwards H 1840. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l’anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. Vol. 3. Paris, Roret. 638 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16170
  » https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16170
• Negrea S, Botnariuc N and Dumont HJ 1999. Phylogeny evolution and classification of the Branchiopoda (Crustacea). Hydrobiologia, 412: 191-212. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003894207100
  » https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003894207100
• Neretina AN and Kotov AA 2017. Old World-New World differentiation of so-called “circumtropical” taxa: the case of rare genus Grimaldina Richard 1892 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Macrothricidae). Zootaxa, 4291(2): 295-323. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.4
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.4
• Neretina AN, Garibian PG, Sinev AY and Kotov AA 2018. Diversity of the subgenus Disparalona (Mixopleuroxus) Hudec 2010 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the New and Old World. Journal of Natural History, 52 (3-4): 155-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1411987
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1411987
• Norman AM and Brady GS 1867. A monograph of the British Entomostraca belonging to the families Bosminidae Macrothricidae and Lynceidae. Natural History Transactions of Northumberland and Durham, 1: 354-408.
• Olesen J 2009. Phylogeny of Branchiopoda (Crustacea) - Character evolution and contribution of uniquely preserved fossils. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 67 (1): 3 -39. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.67.e31686
  » https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.67.e31686
• Rabet N and Thiéry A 1998. Branchiopoda. Anostraca and Spinicaudata. p. 3-10. In: Young PS (Ed.), Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional. Série Livros, 6.
• Rey J and Vasquez E 1986. Contribuition a la conaissance des cladocères neotropicaux: redescription de Leydigiopsis ornata Daday 1905 (Crustacea, Cladocera). Annales de Limnologie, 22(2): 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1986014
  » https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1986014
• Richard J 1894. Cladocères recueillis par le Dr. Théod. Barrois em Palestine em Syrie et em Égypte. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 6: 360-378.
• Richard J 1895. Sur quelques Entomostracé d’eau douce d’Haiti. Mémoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 8(2): 189-199.
• Richard J 1897. Entomostracés de L’Amérique du Sud recueillis par M. N. Deiters H. von Ihering G. W. Müller e C. O. Poppe. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 10: 263-301.
• Rocha CEF and Por FD 1998. Preliminary comparative data on the fauna of the pleuston in the southern Pantanal Brazil with emphasis on the microcrustaceans. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 26: 2137-2140. https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11901121
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11901121
• Rocha O, MJ Santos-Wisniewski and Matsumura-Tundisi T 2011. Checklist de Cladocera de água doce do Estado de São Paulo. Biota Neotropica, 11(suppl 1): 571-592. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000500024
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000500024
• Rogers DC, Severo-Neto F, Volcan MV, De los Ríos P, Epele LB, Ferreira AO and Rabet N 2020. Comments and records on the large branchiopod Crustacea (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata, Cyclestherida) of the Neotropical and Antarctic bioregions. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 56(1) [for 2021]: 53-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2020.1728879
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2020.1728879
• Santos AS, Sousa FDR, Elmoor-Loureiro LMA, Andrade DS and Mugnai R 2021. Richness and composition of the Cladocera community (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 5081(3): 420-432. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.6
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.6
• Santos-Wisniewski MJ, Matsumura-Tundisi T, Negreiros NF, da Silva LC, dos Santos RMD and Rocha O 2011. O estado atual do conhecimento da diversidade dos Cladocera (Crustacea Branchiopoda) nas águas doces do estado de Minas Gerais. Biota Neotropica, 11(3): 287-301. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000300024
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000300024
• Sars GO 1862. Hr. studios. Medic. G.O. Sars fortsatte sit Foredrag over de af ham i Omegnen af Christiania iagttagne Crustacea cladocera. (Mr. Medical student G.O. Sars continued his presentation about the Crustacea Cladocera he collected in the vicinity of Christiania; see Frey 1988). Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet I Christiania, 1861: 250-302.
• Sars GO 1865. Norges Ferskvandskrebsdyr: Förste Afsnit Branchiopoda. I. Cladocera ctnenopoda (fam. Sididae & Holopedidae). Efter det Acad. Collegium Christiania, 79 p.
• Sars GO 1885. On Some Australian Cladocera Raised from Dried Mud. Videnskab-Selskabs Forhandlinger Christiania, 8: 1-46.
• Sars GO 1887. On Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird) a new generic type of bivalve Phyllopoda raised from the dried Australian mud. Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1: 6-65.
• Sars GO 1888. Additional notes on Australian Cladocera raised from dried mud. Videnskab-Selskabs Forhandlinger Christiania, 7: 1-74.
• Sars GO 1896. On some Freshwater Entomostraca from the neighborhood of Sydney. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 18(2): 11-76.
• Sars GO 1901. Contribution to the knowledge of the fresh-water Entomostraca of South America. Part I. Cladocera. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab Christiania, 23(3): 1-102.
• Schubart O 1942. Fauna do Estado de Pernambuco e Estados limítrofes: Segunda lista. Boletim do Museu Nacional, 14-17: 21-64.
• Schwentner M, Clavier S, Fritsch M, Olesen J, Padhye S, Timms BV and Richter S 2013. Cyclestheria hislopi (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): A group of morphologically cryptic species with origins in the Cretaceous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66: 800-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.005
  » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.005
• Silva RS, Palheta GDA, Nascimento AM, Rocha CP, Reis SHO and Melo NFAC 2011. Qualidade da água e composição zooplanctônica em viveiros de piscicultura (Castanhal Pará). Boletim Técnico e Científico Cepnor - Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros do Litoral Norte, 11(1): 45-58.
• Sinev AY 1998. Alona ossiani sp. n. a new species of the Alona affinis complex from Brazil deriving from the collection of G. O. Sars (Anomopoda, Chydoridae). Arthropoda Selecta, 7: 103-110.
• Sinev AY 2004. Redescription of two species of the genus Leydigiopsis Sars, 1901 (Branchiopoda Anomopoda Chydoridae). Invertebrate Zoology, 1(1): 75-92. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.01.1.07
  » https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.01.1.07
• Sinev AY and Elmoor-Loureiro LMA 2010. Three new species of chydorid cladocerans of subfamily Aloninae (Branchipoda: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2390: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2390.1.1
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2390.1.1
• Smirnov NN 1992. The Macrothricidae of the world. Vol.1. Guides to the Identification of Microinvertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World. The Hague, SPB Academic Publishers , 143 pp.
• Soares CEA and Elmoor-Loureiro LMA 2011. Uma atualização da lista de Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) do Estado de Pernambuco Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 11: 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200038
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200038
• Soares G, Roque N, Alves FVS, Amorim VO, Barbosa ML, Guterres AVF, Alves M and Loeuille B 2022. Using an Asteraceae checklist to understand collection history, species density and conservation implications: a case study in the state of Alagoas Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa, 571(1): 21-38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.1.2
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.1.2
• Sousa FDR and Elmoor-Loureiro LMA 2012. How many species of cladocerans (Crustacea Branchiopoda) are found in Brazilian Federal District? Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 24: 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2013005000008
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2013005000008
• Sousa FDR and Elmoor-Loureiro LMA 2018. Populations of Flavalona setigera (Brehm 1931) in Brazil belong to a new species: Flavalona asymmetrica (Cladocera: Chydoridae: Aloninae). Nauplius, 26: e2018003. https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2018003
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2018003
• Sousa FDR, Elmoor-Loureiro LMA and Santos S 2015. Redescription of Coronatella poppei (Richard 1897) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Chydoridae) and a revision of the genus in Brazil, with descriptions of new taxa. Zootaxa, 3955: 211-244. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.2.3
  » https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.2.3
• Sousa FDR, Elmoor-Loureiro LMA and Santos S 2016. New findings of Hexalona-branch representatives in Brazil, with a description of Prenda gen. nov. (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Aloninae). Journal of Natural History, 50(43-44) 2727-2768. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1208302
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1208302
• Sousa FDR, Elmoor-Loureiro LMA, Freiry RF, Álvarez-Silva JP, Stenert C, Maltchik L, Lopes PM and Bozelli RL 2022. A new species of Acantholeberis (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) suggests an ancient geographic distribution of the genus in South America. European Journal of Taxonomy, 821: 40-56. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.821.1797
  » https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.821.1797
• Sousa FDR, Elmoor-Loureiro LMA, Mugnai R, Panarelli EA and Paggi JC 2018. A revision of the genus Disparalona (Cladocera, Chydorinae) in South America. European Journal of Taxonomy, 460:1-34. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.460
  » https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.460
• Souza CA, Machado KB, Nabout JC, Muniz DHF, Oliveira-Filho EC, Kraus CN, Ribeiro RJDC and Vieira LCG 2019. Monitoring simplification in plankton communities using different ecological approaches. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 31: e20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X3617
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X3617
• Straus HE 1820. Mémoire sur les Daphnia de la classe des Crustacés (Secondi Partie) . Mémoires du Muséum d’histoire naturelle, 6: 149-162.
• Umaña-Villalobos G, van Tuylen S, Dix M, Matamoros MI, Avilés-Vargas LR, Vargas-López N and Cano-Espinoza RA 2023. Current knowledge concerning distribution of freshwater planktonic, littoral and benthic Rotifera and Microcrustacea (Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda) in Central America and the Caribbean. Limnologica, 99: 126054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2023.126054
  » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2023.126054
• Uozumi T, Ishiwata K, Grygier MJ, Sanoamuang L and Su Z-H 2021. Three nuclear protein-coding genes corroborate a recent phylogenomic model of the Branchiopoda (Crustacea) and provide estimates of the divergence times of the major branchiopodan taxa. Genes & Genetic Systems, 96: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.20-00046
  » https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.20-00046
• Valdivia-Villar RS 1984. Sobre la morfologia de neotropicales crustaceos del genero Leydigiopsis (Cladocera, Chydoridae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 63(10): 1572-1576.
• Van Damme K and Dumont HJ 2010. Cladocera of the Lençóis Maranhenses (NE - Brazil): faunal composition and a reappraisal of Sars’ Method. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 70(3 suppl.): 755-779. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842010000400008
  » https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842010000400008
• Van Damme K, Kotov AA and Dumont HJ 2005. Redescription of Leydigia parva Daday 1905 and assignment to Parvalona gen. nov. (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae). Journal of Natural History, 39(23): 2125-2136. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930500060884
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930500060884

• Zoobank:

  http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C6C70890-C035-4E37-9990-630340F6DDA9

• Consent for publication

  All authors declare that they have reviewed the content of the manuscript and gave their consent to submit the document.

• Data availability

  All study data are included in the article.

• Study association

  Not applicable.

• Study permits

  Field collection and transportation of specimens were made under the SISBIO permit number 13986-1 issued to L.M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro.

Edited by

Associate Editor:

Jéssica Colavite

Editor-in-chief:

Christopher Tudge

Data availability

All study data are included in the article.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  29 Mar 2024
• Date of issue
  2024

History

• Received
  03 Mar 2023
• Accepted
  18 Sept 2023