The objective of this study was to verify whether winged morphs are induced in colonies of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) by exposure to Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh). Behavioral aspects of the interaction between these species were also described. Aphid colonies were initiated by transferring ten adults to each cabbage plant, kept inside transparent recipients. In the treatment, a parasitoid couple was released inside each recipient-test, and the female was allowed to oviposit freely for 3h; no parasitoids were released in the control recipient. Winged morphs were produced in both conditions, but in the presence of the parasites, their number was significantly higher and they were produced earlier. No significant correlation was obtained between the number of winged individuals and the number of mummies. Parasitoids' longevity was 2.3 ± 0.19 days and the parasitoidism percentage was 20.6 ± 5.21. The increased production of winged morphs in B. brassicae clones in response to the presence of the parasitoid D. rapae can be considered a defense mechanism, because aphids could strategically maintain the clone survivorship, escaping by flight to form a new colony in other plants. Two other types of defense behavior were described: vigorous body shaking and escaping from the parasitoids. During 26h of observation, 20 types of D. rapae behavior were recorded and divided into five categories: self-cleaning, feeding, exploitation, copulation, and oviposition. Direct interactions between these species occur not only during oviposition, but also when the wasp touches the aphids with their antennae and ovipositor.
Insecta; inducible defense; parasitoid-host interaction; phenotypic plasticity
