Astyanax xavante is described from a creek of the middle rio Araguaia drainage located in the Cerrado region of the Brazilian Central Plateau. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the combination of pigmentation, morphometric, meristic, morphologic, and tooth features. Ecological notes for A. xavante are included.
Neotropical fish; Tocantins-Araguaia basin; Teleostei; Piabas; Headwater fish
