A new species of armored catfish of the genus <i>Scobinancistrus</i> (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

A new species of Scobinancistrus from the Xingu River, Brazil, is described. It can be distinguished from its congeners by color pattern and a combination of non-exclusive characters: overall body covered by large yellow spaced blotches over a dark background (vs. small round and densely packed spots over light or dark background in S. pariolispos and S. aureatus); lack of orange to yellow/orange distal band on dorsal and caudal fins (vs. presence in S. aureatus), dorsal fin not reaching adipose-fin supporting plate when adpressed (vs. reaching the adipose-fin plate in S. pariolispos and S. aureatus). The new species is only known from a portion of the middle Xingu River, ranging from the Volta Grande do Xingu, an area under a strong anthropic impact due to the construction of the Belo Monte dam, to near the Iriri River confluence with the Xingu River. Aspects concerning the species’ threats and its conservation status are discussed.

Keywords:
Ancistrini; Brazilian shield; L082; Rapids; Rheophilic species

Authorship

Mateus S. Chaves

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Writing-original draft

Writing-review & editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (MSC) mateussantana58@gmail.comInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (MSC) mateussantana58@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-9955

Renildo R. Oliveira

Conceptualization

Methodology

Writing-review & editing

Coleção de Peixes, Programa de Coleções Científicas e Biológicas – PCCB, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (RRO) deoliveirarr@gmail.com, (LHRPD) luciarpd60@gmail.com (corresponding author)Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilColeção de Peixes, Programa de Coleções Científicas e Biológicas – PCCB, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil. (RRO) deoliveirarr@gmail.com, (LHRPD) luciarpd60@gmail.com (corresponding author)

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-0833

Alany P. Gonçalves

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Writing-review & editing

Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia de Peixes, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, 69553-225 Tefé, AM, Brazil. (APG) alany.xingu@gmail.com. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável MamirauáBrazilTefé, AM, Brazil Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia de Peixes, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, 69553-225 Tefé, AM, Brazil. (APG) alany.xingu@gmail.com.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-0976

Leandro M. Sousa

Funding acquisition

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Writing-review & editing

Laboratório de Ictiologia de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, 68372-040 Altamira, PA, Brazil. (LMS) leandro.m.sousa@gmail.com. Universidade Federal do ParáBrazilAltamira, PA, Brazil Laboratório de Ictiologia de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, 68372-040 Altamira, PA, Brazil. (LMS) leandro.m.sousa@gmail.com.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737

Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel

Conceptualization

Data curation

Formal analysis

Funding acquisition

Methodology

Project administration

Supervision

Writing-original draft

Writing-review & editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-7366

Edited-by

Marcelo Britto

Correspondence

luciarpd60@gmail.com

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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FIGURE 1 |
Lateral, dorsal and ventral views of Scobinancistrus raonii, INPA 59493, holotype, 99.6 mm SL, Senador José Porfírio, Xingu River, ca. 3.5 km downstream from BR-230. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

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FIGURE 2 |
Lateral view of live specimens of Scobinancistrus raonii, Brazil, Pará, Xingu River, Volta Grande do Xingu. Paratypes: INPA 40512, 80.9 mm SL, juvenile (above); LIA 5054, 94.4 mm SL, subadult (middle); ANSP 194989, 120.8 mm SL, adult (below). Photos: Leandro M. Sousa (juvenile and subadult) and Mark H. Sabaj (adult).

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FIGURE 3 |
Photo in ventral view of the mouth of Scobinancistrus raonii,INPA 40512, paratype, 80.9 mm SL. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

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FIGURE 4 |
Partial map of the Xingu River, showing the distribution of Scobinancistrus raonii (yellow circles). Black circle indicates type locality. Shaded area indicates the Impact Zone of the Belo Monte Dam Complex. Dark blue stretch of the river represents the dammed area. Red stretch indicates the reduced flow impacted area.

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FIGURE 5 |
Scobinancistrus raonii hiding underneath its preferred microhabitat: conglomerate plates of gravel and iron oxide. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

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FIGURE 6 |
Underwater photography at the exact same locality in Gorgulho da Rita. Above, October 2015, showing a rapids’ habitat with high tridimensional complexity occupied by several species of fish (on the picture: Teleocichla preta, Leporinus tigrinus, Hypomasticus julii). Below, October 2017, same spot after Belo Monte Dam implementation showing that the absence of current promoted siltation and the disappearance of rheophilic species from the area. Photos: Leandro M. Sousa

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TABLE 1 |
Morphometric data and counts of Scobinancistrusraonii. H = holotype, SD = standard deviation, N = number of measured specimens.

FIGURE 1 | Lateral, dorsal and ventral views of Scobinancistrus raonii, INPA 59493, holotype, 99.6 mm SL, Senador José Porfírio, Xingu River, ca. 3.5 km downstream from BR-230. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

FIGURE 2 | Lateral view of live specimens of Scobinancistrus raonii, Brazil, Pará, Xingu River, Volta Grande do Xingu. Paratypes: INPA 40512, 80.9 mm SL, juvenile (above); LIA 5054, 94.4 mm SL, subadult (middle); ANSP 194989, 120.8 mm SL, adult (below). Photos: Leandro M. Sousa (juvenile and subadult) and Mark H. Sabaj (adult).

FIGURE 3 | Photo in ventral view of the mouth of Scobinancistrus raonii,INPA 40512, paratype, 80.9 mm SL. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

FIGURE 4 | Partial map of the Xingu River, showing the distribution of Scobinancistrus raonii (yellow circles). Black circle indicates type locality. Shaded area indicates the Impact Zone of the Belo Monte Dam Complex. Dark blue stretch of the river represents the dammed area. Red stretch indicates the reduced flow impacted area.

FIGURE 5 | Scobinancistrus raonii hiding underneath its preferred microhabitat: conglomerate plates of gravel and iron oxide. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

FIGURE 6 | Underwater photography at the exact same locality in Gorgulho da Rita. Above, October 2015, showing a rapids’ habitat with high tridimensional complexity occupied by several species of fish (on the picture: Teleocichla preta, Leporinus tigrinus, Hypomasticus julii). Below, October 2017, same spot after Belo Monte Dam implementation showing that the absence of current promoted siltation and the disappearance of rheophilic species from the area. Photos: Leandro M. Sousa

TABLE 1 | Morphometric data and counts of Scobinancistrusraonii. H = holotype, SD = standard deviation, N = number of measured specimens.

	N	H	Range	Mean	SD
Standard length (mm)	38	99.6	67.8–166.2	–	–
Percentage of standard length
Predorsal length	38	36.3	34.2–40.3	37.3	1.2
Head length	38	31.1	28.4–33.2	30.9	1.2
Cleithral width	38	26.3	25.3–28.0	26.5	0.6
Cleithral process width	33	24.8	23.6–26.1	24.1	0.6
Cleithral length	34	8.7	6.8–10.2	8.9	0.6
Pectoral-pelvic origin length	38	24.7	17.6–26.1	22.9	1.5
Pectoral-spine length	38	30.5	24.9–30.6	27.8	1.7
Pelvic-anal origin length	38	23.7	21.2–25.4	23.3	1.0
Pelvic-spine length	38	25.5	21.5–27.5	24.4	1.4
Postanal length	38	30.8	28.8–33.7	31.1	1.2
Anal-fin spine length	38	12.3	8.5–15.8	13.2	1.4
Dorsal spine length	38	26.9	20.5–29.0	25.0	2.1
Dorsal-fin base length	38	27.4	26.4–31.6	28.4	1.1
Dorsal-adipose distance	38	18.2	13.6–18.2	15.5	1.1
Caudal peduncle depth	38	12.9	11.7–13.5	12.6	0.4
Adipose-spine length	38	9.7	6.6–11.7	10.1	1.3
Adipose-caudal length	38	7.8	5.2–23.3	9.6	4.8
Body depth at dorsal-fin origin	38	18.1	13.5–20.2	16.9	1.8
Body width at dorsal-fin origin	38	23.9	20.9–26.5	23.4	1.3
Body width at anal-fin origin	38	18.8	15.1–19.3	17.2	0.9
Posdorsal length	38	33.8	22.9–37.1	32.6	2.5
Anus-anal fin length	38	5.5	4.6–7.9	6.2	0.7
Percentage of head length
Orbital diameter	38	18.5	15.9–21.0	18.0	1.0
Snout length	38	61.5	57.3–66.1	61.8	1.8
Internares width	38	12.0	9.9–13.9	11.6	1.0
Interorbital width	38	32.1	28.8–35.3	31.3	1.6
Head depth	38	52.2	45.7–58.2	50.2	2.6
Dentary tooth row length	38	13.6	9.3–18.3	14.0	2.1
Premaxillary tooth row length	38	14.6	7.7–16.5	13.3	2.0
Head width	38	71.1	64.8–80.9	71.3	3.5
Eye-nare length	38	16.5	12.1–18.4	15.6	1.6
Interbranchial distance	38	47.5	41.7–53.3	47.3	2.6
Pectoral spine origin to gill-opening distance	38	24.6	18.9–28.2	23.7	2.5
Lower lip width	38	39.7	34.8–45.2	39.7	2.8
Lower lip length	38	17.2	8.6–19.8	14.9	2.2
Length barbel	34	10.1	5.0–13.4	10.5	2.0

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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A new species of armored catfish of the genus <i>Scobinancistrus</i> (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

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[1] Edited-by

Marcelo Britto