Carvalho, Tiago P.; Albert, James S.

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Sumário

Original Article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 21 (04) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0012 copiar

A taxonomic review of the Neotropical electric fish Rhamphichthys (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae)

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

A diversidade de espécies de Rhamphichthys é revisada e sete espécies são consideradas válidas: Rhamphichthys apurensis das bacias dos rios Orinoco e Cuyuni; R. drepanium das bacias dos rios Orinoco e Amazonas; R. hahni do sistema do rio Paraná-Paraguai; R. heleios e R. lineatus da bacia do rio Amazonas; R. pantherinus do alto rio Orinoco, Amazonas, Essequibo e rios costeiros do norte do Brasil;e R. rostratus do alto rio Orinoco, Amazonas e rios costeiros das Guianas. Baseado na revisão de material das espécies nominais cobrindo toda a distribuição geográfica, incluindo os espécimes tipos, confirma a sinonímia prévia de quatro espécies nominais (R. blochii, R. reinhardti, R. schomburgki, and R. schneideri)com R. rostratus e de R. marmoratus com R. pantherinus. Duas outras espécies nominais, R. atlanticus e R. longior,são propostas como sinônimo júnior de R. pantherinus. As espécies são redescritas e diagnosticadas baseando-se no padrão de colorido, morfometria, contagens e caracteres de anatomia interna. Mapas de distribuição e uma chave de identificação baseados em uma extensa revisão de material são fornecidos.

Palavras chave:
Chave de identificação; Diversidade de espécies; Ostariophysi; Taxonomia

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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[1] Edited-by

William Crampton

Characters	*R. apurensis*	*R. drepanium*	*R. hahni*	*R. heleios*	*R. lineatus*	*R. pantherinus*	*R. rostratus*
Snout length	long; 58.4–63.7% of HL	short; 49.5–54.6% of HL	short; 46.4–54.3% of HL	short; 50.5–55.1% of HL	short; 52.1–56.0% of HL	short; 51.4–59.1% of HL	long; 58.8–65.1% of HL
Caudal appendage length	long; 23.2–36.8% of LEA	short; 5.8–20.3% of LEA	short; 7.3–15.4% of LEA	short; 12.7–16.9% of LEA	short; often damaged	short; 9.1–28.0% of LEA	long; 18.4–35.6%o LEA
Anal fin rays	347–417	310–390	310–360	320–345	341–381	360–444	365–455
Saddles in the dorsum	intercalated saddles	sickle shaped paired saddles	sickle shaped paired saddles	dark, no saddles	clear, no conspicuous saddles	intercalated saddles	intercalated saddles
Anal fin pigmentation	Mostly clear	Mostly dark with reticulated clear areas	Mostly dark with reticulated clear areas	Reticulated dark areas	Mostly clear, sometimes with dark spots	Variable, clear to reticulated dark areas	Terminal dark band
Posterior gas bladder	small, membranous walls	Large, membranous, or thickened walls	Large membranous	Large, thickened walls	small, membranous walls	small, membranous walls	Small, membranous walls

	n	Range	Mean	SD
Length to end of anal fin (LEA)	14	252–520	401.0	–
Percents of LEA
Anal-fin length	14	86.1–92.5	88.9	1.7
Body depth	14	7.7–9.4	8.4	0.4
Pectoral-fin length	14	4.1–5.5	4.8	0.4
Head length	14	12.9–15.1	13.8	0.6
Caudal filament length	14	23.2–36.8	30.6	4.0
Caudal filament depth	14	1.8–2.3	2.1	0.1
Percents of head length
Interorbital distance	14	9.3–11.6	10.2	0.5
Snout length	14	58.4–63.7	60.9	1.6
Postorbital length	14	34.4–38.1	36.3	1.1
Eye diameter	14	4.2–6.7	5.0	0.6
Post. nares length	14	13.2–17.8	14.8	1.1
Branchial Opening	14	13.2–18.2	15.1	1.4
Meristics
Anal-fin rays	14	347–417	387.1	22.5
Pectoral-fin rays	14	17–21	18.4	1.2

	H	n	Range	Mean	SD
Length to end of anal fin (LEA)	372	24	207–532	344.4	–
Percents of LEA
Anal-fin length	92.7	24	82.8–92.7	88.9	2.2
Body depth	9.3	24	8.8–12.1	10.1	0.9
Pectoral-fin length	5.1	24	4.5–7.2	5.7	0.6
Head length	13.6	24	12.2–17.6	14.0	1.1
Caudal filament length	–	20	5.8–20.3	11.9	3.6
Caudal filament depth	–	20	1.4–2.4	1.8	0.2
Percents of head length
Interorbital distance	10.9	24	9.3–15.0	11.7	1.4
Snout length	50.9	24	49.5–54.6	51.6	1.2
Postorbital length	44.3	24	43.4–48.1	45.6	1.4
Eye diameter	3.8	24	3.9–6.5	5.1	0.6
Post. nares length	18.1	24	13.2–18.6	16.3	1.2
Branchial opening	20.7	24	17.2–27.4	21.9	2.7
Meristic
Anal-fin rays	390	23	310–390	349.0	22.8
Pectoral-fin rays	17	24	16–19	17.5	0.8

PCV	18	19	20	21	CV	90	92	93	94	100	101	106	109	111	113	116	117
R. apurensis	3	9									1	2	2
R. drepanium	2	7	1				1	1	1
R. hahni		2	4	1		2	1	1
R. heleios		1
R. lineatus	5	1
R. pantherinus	4	3	2						1	1
R. rostratus		6	1											1	1	1	1

	H	n	Range	Mean	SD
Length to end of anal fin (LEA)	253	27	230–600	383	–
Percents of LEA
Anal-fin length	88.9	27	72.7–90.7	86.1	4.4
Body depth	10.1	27	8.0–12.2	10.3	1.2
Pectoral-fin length	6.1	27	4.2–6.4	5.5	0.5
Head length	14.6	27	11.8–15.3	14.0	0.8
Caudal filament length	–	22	7.3–15.4	10.2	1.7
Caudal filament depth	1.8	25	1.3–2.2	1.7	0.2
Percents of head length
Interorbital distance	10.5	27	8.5–13.6	10.3	1.1
Snout length	51.7	27	46.4–54.3	51.3	1.9
Postorbital length	44.7	27	42.7–48.6	45.8	1.7
Eye diameter	7.0	27	4.6–7.0	5.5	0.6
Post. nares length	17.0	27	14.4–20.2	16.7	1.3
Branchial opening	17.0	27	17.1–25.0	21.0	2.3
Meristic
Anal-fin rays	328	24	310–360	339.6	14.5
Pectoral-fin rays	17	25	16–19	17.7	0.8

	H1	H2	H3	H4	n	Range	Mean	SD
Length to end of anal fin (LEA)	600	630	700	510	32	270–700	446.9	–
Percents of LEA
Anal-fin length	90	88.9	87.5	94.1	32	80.6–94.1	88.2	2.4
Body depth	6.6	8.9	8.1	8.6	32	6.1–8.9	7.6	0.6
Pectoral-fin length	4.1	4.7	3.6	5.3	32	3.7–5.6	4.8	0.5
Head length	12.4	14.0	15.7	15.9	32	12.4–15.9	14.3	0.9
Caudal filament length	18.5	23.8	–	23.3	26	18.4–35.6	26.6	4.9
Caudal filament depth	1.8	1.9	1.4	1.5	32	1.0–3.0	2.0	0.4
Percents of head length
Interorbital distance	10.3	9.7	8.1	9.3	32	8.1–12.5	9.7	0.9
Snout length	60.7	63.2	65.1	60.3	32	58.8–65.1	62.3	1.2
Postorbital length	36.8	36.3	34.1	37.2	32	33.1–38.2	35.6	1.1
Eye diameter	4.4	3.4	2.9	3.7	32	2.9–5.8	4.4	0.6
Post. nares length	13.3	13.2	12.4	–	31	12.5–18.4	14.8	1.2
Branchial opening	–	15.8	12.6	15.5	31	12.6–19.6	16.0	1.6
Meristics
Anal-fin rays	405	403	417	394	28	365–455	400.0	22.7
Pectoral-fin rays	18	19	22	21	32	17–39	62.9	119.3