A new species of <i>Harttia</i> from the rio São Francisco basin (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

The genus Harttia belongs to the subfamily Loricariinae and has to date 27 described species, distributed in the drainages of Guiana Shield, Amazon and southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of: canal plate present; abdominal plates absent; trapezoid preanal plates; males with elongated and conspicuous odontodes on the first pectoral-fin ray and on the lateral region of the head, close to the canal plate; and dorsal-fin spinelet present. An identification key for the species of the rio São Francisco basin and a comparison between the new taxon and all other species of the genus are presented.

Keywords:
Brazilian Crystalline Shield; Brazilian Plateau; Identification key; Streams; Waterfalls.

Authorship

Laís Caldas

Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. (LC) lais.caldas@unesp.br; (AMC) amcherobim@gmail.com; (FL) francisco.langeani@unesp.br (corresponding author).Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” BrazilSão José do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. (LC) lais.caldas@unesp.br; (AMC) amcherobim@gmail.com; (FL) francisco.langeani@unesp.br (corresponding author).

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-1935

Arieli Matheus Cherobim

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-2972

Francisco Langeani

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-4798

Edited-by

Paulo Lucinda

Correspondence

Francisco Langeani francisco.langeani@unesp.br

Authors' Contribution

Laís Caldas: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Arieli Matheus Cherobim: Validation, Visualization, Writing-review and editing.

Francisco Langeani: Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (2)

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FIGURE 1 |
Harttia canastra, LIRP 651, male, holotype, 99.2 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio São Francisco, São Roque de Minas municipality, Fazenda Casca D’Anta. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.

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FIGURE 2 |
Harttia canastra, DZSJRP 20172, female, paratype, 80.9 mm SL, São José do Barreiro, riacho Grande, road Vargem Bonita to São José do Barreiro, towards Cachoeira Casca D’Anta. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.

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FIGURE 3 |
Abdominal (yellow), thoracic (blue), preanal (pink), and canal (purple) plates: (A) Harttia intermontana, DZSJRP 20978, male, 53.6 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), thoracic and canal plates present; (B) Harttia longipinna, DZSJRP 3666, paratype, male, 82.3 mm SL, with abdomen partially covered by plates (Group 2), preanal, thoracic and canal plates present; (C) Harttia duriventris, MZUSP 106199, male, 114.9 mm SL, with fully plated abdomen (Group 3), preanal, thoracic and canal plates present; (D) Harttia leiopleura, MZUSP 109373, 48.3 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), preanal, thoracic, and canal plates absent; (E) Harttia novalimensis, MZUSP 99481, male, 49.0 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), thoracic plates present, and preanal and canal plates absent; (F) Harttia torrenticola, MZUSP 94482, male, 85.5 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), preanal, thoracic, and canal plates present; (G) Harttia canastra, LIRP 651, male, holotype, 99.2 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), preanal, thoracic, and canal plates present.

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FIGURE 4 |
Distribution map of Harttia species from the rio São Francisco basin.

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TABLE 1 |
Currently recognized species of Harttia presented in three groups based on abdominal covering according to Oyakawa et al., (2018)Oyakawa OT, Fichberg I, Rapp Py-Daniel LH. Three new species of Harttia (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Xingu basin, Pará, Northern Brazil. Zootaxa. 2018; 4387(1):75–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.1.3
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.1.... and their type locality.

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TABLE 2 |
Measurements and counts of Harttia canastra. Standard length (mm), percentages of body measurements in relation to standard length (SL) or percentage of head measurements in relation to head length (HL). Dorsal fin origin (D), anal fin origin (A), caudal fin origin (C), standard deviation (SD). Total number of analyzed type-specimens=68.

FIGURE 1 | Harttia canastra, LIRP 651, male, holotype, 99.2 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio São Francisco, São Roque de Minas municipality, Fazenda Casca D’Anta. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.

FIGURE 2 | Harttia canastra, DZSJRP 20172, female, paratype, 80.9 mm SL, São José do Barreiro, riacho Grande, road Vargem Bonita to São José do Barreiro, towards Cachoeira Casca D’Anta. A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. Ventral view.

FIGURE 3 | Abdominal (yellow), thoracic (blue), preanal (pink), and canal (purple) plates: (A) Harttia intermontana, DZSJRP 20978, male, 53.6 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), thoracic and canal plates present; (B) Harttia longipinna, DZSJRP 3666, paratype, male, 82.3 mm SL, with abdomen partially covered by plates (Group 2), preanal, thoracic and canal plates present; (C) Harttia duriventris, MZUSP 106199, male, 114.9 mm SL, with fully plated abdomen (Group 3), preanal, thoracic and canal plates present; (D) Harttia leiopleura, MZUSP 109373, 48.3 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), preanal, thoracic, and canal plates absent; (E) Harttia novalimensis, MZUSP 99481, male, 49.0 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), thoracic plates present, and preanal and canal plates absent; (F) Harttia torrenticola, MZUSP 94482, male, 85.5 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), preanal, thoracic, and canal plates present; (G) Harttia canastra, LIRP 651, male, holotype, 99.2 mm SL, with a naked abdomen (Group 1), preanal, thoracic, and canal plates present.

FIGURE 4 | Distribution map of Harttia species from the rio São Francisco basin.

TABLE 1 | Currently recognized species of Harttia presented in three groups based on abdominal covering according to **Oyakawa et al., (2018)**Oyakawa OT, Fichberg I, Rapp Py-Daniel LH. Three new species of Harttia (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Xingu basin, Pará, Northern Brazil. Zootaxa. 2018; 4387(1):75–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.1.3
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.1.... and their type locality.

Species	Type locality
Without abdominal plates
Harttia canastra	Rio São Francisco, São Francisco basin, São Roque de Minas municipality, southeastern Brazil
Harttia carvalhoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1939	Rio Paquequer, Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia depressa Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001	Rio Pitinga, rio Uatumã basin, below the Paranapanema Enterprise dam, Cachoeira 40 Ilhas, left bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin
Harttia garavelloi Oyakawa, 1993	Rio Fanado, Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia gracilis Oyakawa, 1993	Tributary of the rio São João, rio Grande, upper Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia guianensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001	Rio Approuague, Saut Athanase, Approuague basin, French Guiana
Harttia intermontana Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019	Córrego Bananeiras, tributary of the rio Gualaxo do Norte, Doce basin, Ouro Preto municipality, southeastern Brazil
Harttia kronei Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908	Rio Betari, Ribeira de Iguape basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia leiopleura Oyakawa, 1993	Tributary of the Mutuca stream, rio das Velhas, São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia loricariformis Steindachner, 1877	Rio Paraíba do Sul, Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia merevari Provenzano, Machado-Allison, Chernoff, Willink & Petry, 2005	Rio Caurá, at the top of Salto Pará waterfalls, among rocks on the eastern side of the river, Orinoco basin, Bolívar State, Venezuela
Harttia novalimensis Oyakawa, 1993	Tributary of the Mutuca stream, rio das Velhas, São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia torrenticola Oyakawa, 1993	Tributary of the rio Paraopeba, São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia uatumensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001	Rio Uatumã, at Santa Luiza, Uatumã basin, left bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin
Abdomen partially covered by plates
Harttia fluminensis Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012	Rio Coppename, at Raleighvallen, Coppename basin, Suriname
Harttia longipinna Langeani, Oyakawa & Montoya-Burgos, 2001	Rio Pará, bridge on road BR 262 between Nova Serrana and Pará de Minas, São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia punctata Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001	Rio Tocantins, on rocks just below the Tucurui dam, Tocantins-Araguaia basin
Harttia rhombocephala Miranda-Ribeiro, 1939	Rio Farias, coastal basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia rondoni Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018	Rio Curuá, tributary of the rio Iriri, near Castelo dos Sonhos, Novo Progresso municipality, Rio Xingu basin, left bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin
Harttia trombetensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001	Rio Trombetas, Cachoeira Vira-Mundo, Trombetas basin, left bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin
Harttia tuna Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012	Sipaliwini Savannah in Trio Amerindian territory at the Suriname-Brazil border, Four Brothers Mountains in a tributary of the rio Paru de Oeste, gift of the Trio tribe in Sipaliwini, Trombetas basin, left bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin
Abdomen completely covered by plates
Harttia absaberi Oyakawa, Fichberg & Langeani, 2013	Ribeirão São Mateus, tributary of the rio Sucuriú, rio Paraná, upper Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil
Harttia dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001	Rio Tapajós, Pimental, Tapajós basin, right bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin
Harttia duriventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001	Rio Tocantins, Igarapé Bacuri, Tocantins-Araguaia basin
Harttia fowleri Pellegrin, 1908	Rio Camopi, Oyapock basin, French Guiana
Harttia panara Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018	Rio Curuá, tributary of the rio Iriri, above the Cachoeira do Curuá waterfall, on the bridge at highway Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163), Novo Progresso municipality, Rio Xingu basin, left bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin
Harttia surinamensis Boeseman, 1971	Gran Rio, upper Suriname basin, Suriname
Harttia villasboas Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018	Rio Curuá, tributary of the rio Iriri, above two waterfalls, near the Churrascaria Cachoeira do Curuá at highway Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163), Novo Progresso municipality, Rio Xingu basin, left bank of the rio Amazonas, Amazonas basin

TABLE 2 | Measurements and counts of Harttia canastra. Standard length (mm), percentages of body measurements in relation to standard length (SL) or percentage of head measurements in relation to head length (HL). Dorsal fin origin (D), anal fin origin (A), caudal fin origin (C), standard deviation (SD). Total number of analyzed type-specimens=68.

Measurements	Holotype	Min-Max	Mean	SD
Standard length	99.2	48.3–108.9	69.4	–
Percents of standard length
Head length	26.9	24.6–30.8	27.0	1.3
Body depth	12.0	11.9–17.4	14.2	1.4
Body width	21.6	16.8–24.9	20.5	1.7
Body width (A)	16.7	12.3–21.8	15.6	1.4
Body width (C)	4.0	2.4–5.7	3.6	0.5
Predorsal length	37.2	35.1–41.1	38.0	1.3
Post-dorsal length	48.7	47.6–57.3	51.4	2.3
Post-anal length	38.3	36.7–47.5	42.4	2.4
Dorsal fin length	24.6	20.4–30.3	24.2	1.6
Pectoral fin length	31.6	20.4–31.7	24.9	2.2
Pelvic fin length	24.8	16.6–26.7	22.0	2.0
Anal fin length	17.3	11.7–18.7	15.2	1.5
Trunk length	20.6	16.5–22.8	19.3	1.4
Head depth	12.1	10.6–15.4	12.6	0.9
Percents of head length
Head width	94.8	77.9–98.9	89.3	4.7
Cleithral width	27.3	23.6–28.7	26.2	1.3
Eye diameter	12.0	9.3–17.8	13.9	1.6
Interorbital width	27.7	24.3–33.6	29.3	2.0
Snout length	59.2	50.4–63.4	57.4	3.5
Counts			Mode
Median series plates	27	25–30	27
Dorsal series plates	24	19–27	24
Mid-Dorsal series plates	17	12–20	17
Mid-Ventral series plates	19	14–21	17
Ventral series plates	22	19–23	22
Thoracic plates	8	3–8	5
Dorsal-caudal plates	17	14–18	16
Anal-caudal plates	14	12–16	14
Premaxillary teeth	48	30–67	40
Dentary teeth	43	29–70	38

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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A new species of <i>Harttia</i> from the rio São Francisco basin (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

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[1] Edited-by

Paulo Lucinda