A new deep-sea species of <i>Barathronus</i> Goode &amp; Bean
               from Brazil, with notes on <i>Barathronus bicolor</i> Goode &amp; Bean
               (Ophidiiformes: Aphyonidae)

Nielsen, Jørgen G.; Mincarone, Michael M.; Di Dario, Fabio

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140034

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Articles • Neotrop. ichthyol. 13 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140034 linkcopy

A new deep-sea species of Barathronus Goode & Bean from Brazil, with notes on Barathronus bicolor Goode & Bean (Ophidiiformes: Aphyonidae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstracts

A new species of Barathronus (Ophidiiformes: Aphyonidae) is described from a single, mature male specimen (101 mm SL) bottom trawled on the continental slope of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, between 1,964 and 2,045 m depth. The new species is diagnosed among congeners by the following combination of characters: peritoneum transparent, deep-set eyes not visible, eight fangs on vomer, anal fin rays 69, predorsal length 42.0% SL, preanal length 49.5% SL, penis long, slender, and lacking a pair of lobes at its base, and presence of a ventral flexure of the anterior 2-3 vertebrae. Additionally, morphological data of three specimens of Barathronus bicolor collected in Brazilian waters are presented and compared with those from 51 specimens from the western Central Atlantic.

Teleostei; Deep-sea diversity; Potiguar Basin; Western South Atlantic; Brazilian EEZ

Species	B. linsi	B. bicolor		B. multidens	B. unicolor
Number of specimens	holotype	51*	3	holotype + paratype	holotype + 17 paratypes
Distribution	Brazil	western Central Atlantic	Brazil	North Atlantic	western North Atlantic
Standard Length (SL in mm)	101	58-140	73-117	72-83	72-113
Counts
Dorsal-fin rays	78	62-78	70-72	72-ca.75	63-78
Caudal-fin rays	11	9-10	10	10	10
Anal-fin rays	69	51-59	55-58	63- ca.65	55-71
Pectoral-fin rays	21	22-25	22-23	23-24	23-25
Pelvic-fin rays	1	1	1	1	1
Long rakers on anterior gill arch	25	28-33	28-30	23-24	26-29
Precaudal vertebrae	33	31-35	34	32-33	35-38
Total vertebrae	78	70-75	70-71	77-79	78-86
Origin of dorsal fin above vertebra no.	29	23-26	23-25	29-31	29-33
Anterior anal ray below dorsal ray no.	12	15-20	14-18	8-10	7-11
Anterior anal ray below vertebra no.	35	32-35	32-34	36	35-39

Measurements in % SL
Head length	16.0	18.5-22.5	18.0-20.5	17.5	16.0-19.5
Upper-jaw length	9.3	10.0-12.5	10.0-11.0	9.7	9.5-11.5
Predorsal length	42.0	43.5-50.0	42.5-46.0	46.5-51	48.0-54.0
Preanal length	49.5	53.0-60.0	54.0-61.0	55.0	54.0-59.0
Base of pelvic to origin of anal fin	40.5	39.0-49.5	39.5-45.0	34.5-39.0	42.5-48.5
Pectoral-fin length	11.5+	12.5-20.5**	12.5-14.5	-	15.0-21.5
Pelvic-fin length	14.5	11.0-15.5**	13.0-15.0	-	9.6-11.5

	Atlantic					Indo-Pacific
	B. linsi	B. bicolor	B. multidens	B. parfaiti	B. unicolor	B. affinis	B. bruuni	B. diaphanus	B. maculatus	B. pacificus	B. solomonensis
Number of specimens	1	51	2	1	18	1	1	6	11	3	1
Sex	♂	♂+♀	♂	juvenile	♂+♀	juvenile ♀	juvenile ♀	♂+♀	♂+♀	♂+♀	♀
Standard Length (SL in mm)	101	58-140	72-83	40	72-113	47	39	59-117	137-230	66-128	100
Dorsal-fin rays	78	62-78	72-ca.75	80-85*	63-78	77	81	64-73	75-82	71-75	-
Anal-fin rays	69	46-59	63-ca.65	60-65*	55-71	67	73	50-59	57-67	62-69	-
Pectoral-fin rays	21	22-25	23-24	21	23-25	22	25	22-23	23-25	25-26	-
Precaudal vertebrae	33	31-35	32-33	37	35-38	34	36	32-33	33-35	37-38	29
Total vertebrae	78	70-75	77-79	84	78-86	78	86	67-75	74-81	83-89	63
Long gill rakers on first gill arch	25	28-33	23-24	27	26-29	20	-	25-30	25-35	28-30	13-14
Total gill rakers on first gill arch	26	-	-	29-30*	-	24	33	28-31	25-35	31-35	20
Fangs on vomer (right side)	8	1-5	11	-	4	-	-	2-4	2-5	6-8	-
Paired lobes at base of penis	no	no	no	-	yes	-	-	no	no	yes	-
Ventral flexure of anterior vertebrae	yes	no	no	-	yes	yes	no	no	no	no	-
Peritoneum**	T	P	T	-	T	T	P	P	P	P	-

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Cidade Universitária, 86055-900, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, Phone +55(43)3371-5151 - Londrina - PR - Brazil
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