Reproductive biology of <i>Parona signata</i> (Actinopterygii: Carangidae), a valuable economic resource, in the coastal area of Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Bianchi, Santiago Julián; González-Castro, Mariano

doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2019-0133

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Original article • Neotrop. ichthyol. 18 (03) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2019-0133 copy

Reproductive biology of Parona signata (Actinopterygii: Carangidae), a valuable economic resource, in the coastal area of Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The reproductive biology and life cycle of Parona leatherjacket, Parona signata, present in Mar del Plata (38º 00’S 57º 33’W) coast, was studied. Samples were obtained monthly since January 2018 to February 2019 from the artisanal fishermen and the commercial fleet of Mar del Plata. A histological analysis was carried out and the main biologic-reproductive parameters were estimated: fecundity, oocyte frequency distribution and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Both the macroscopic and microscopic analyses showed reproductive activity in March and November. Mature females were recorded, which showed hydrated oocytes, as was evidenced by the histological procedures. Both, the histological and the oocyte diameter distribution analyses showed the presence of all oocyte maturation stages in ovaries in active-spawning subphase, indicating that P. signata is a multiple spawner with indeterminate annual fecundity. Batch fecundity ranged between 36,426 and 126,035 hydrated oocytes/ female. Relative fecundity ranged between 42 and 150 oocytes/ g female ovary free.

Keywords:
Fecundity; Gonad histology; Life cycle; Pampo solteiro; Reproductive ecology

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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[1] Edited by

Fernando Gibran

Stages	Microscopic characteristics
Primary growth oocytes	Small cells with a diameter between 50-200 µm, showing a big nucleus. Between 4 -16 nucleolus were found in their periphery (in some cases rounding 18 nucleolus). These cells have a basophil cytoplasm.
Cortical alveoli	With a size between 200-300 µm, with a big nucleus. Small vesicles, the cortical alveoli, characterized this phase. They located in the cell periphery. In this stage the cytoplasm is basophilic, the radiate zone is visible (highly eosinophilic), as well as the follicular layer (granulosa and theca cells).
Yolked oocytes	Oocytes with diameters from 350 to 750µm. Yolk granules (with eosinophilic affinity) present in the cytoplasm, due to the exogenous vitellogenesis. Although less frequent, lipid vesicles are observed dispersed between the yolk granules. Radiated zone (highly eosinophilic) and the follicular cells reach their maximum development. The nucleus continues in central position, with an irregular shape due to the cytoplasm growth. It is remarkable the presence of lipid vessels in the yolked oocytes cytoplasm.
Hydrated oocytes	Hydrated oocytes; with a size between 1000 and 1500µm. Germinal vesicle migration (GVM), and break down (GVBD) of nuclear membrane are the previous steps to the cytoplasmic hydration, where the cellular size increase notoriously. Hydrated oocytes displayed an irregular shape, due to the alcohol dehydration performed during the histological procedures.
Atretic follicles	Disintegration and reabsorption of the oocytes by the follicular cells, from the periphery to the center. Observed mainly at the end of the reproductive cycle. Characterized by nucleus disintegration and autolysis of yolk oocytes.
Post-ovulatory follicles	After ovulation, the remaining follicular cells form an irregular shape in the ovary tissue. The follicular lumen size decreased and the degradation increased according to the time since ovulation. Characterized by irregular shape and advanced degradation. With a small follicular lumen.