Helicônias com inflorescências pendentes como flores de corte

Gonçalves, Charleston; Tavares, Armando Reis; Vega, Silvia Moreira Rojo; Merida, Daniela; Castro, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v27i2.2265

Charleston Gonçalves ^** Corresponding author: charleston.goncalves@sp.gov.br

Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas-SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-0306

Armando Reis Tavares

Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas-SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-4741

Silvia Moreira Rojo Vega

Polo Regional do Vale do Paraíba-UPD de Ubatuba/APTA, Ubatuba-SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1634

Daniela Merida

Engenheira Agrônoma.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-674X

Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Castro

Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas-SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-0611

* Corresponding author: charleston.goncalves@sp.gov.br

1	H. chartacea Lane ex Barreiros	19	H. obscura Dodson & Gentry
2	H. colgantea R.R. Smith ex Daniels & Stiles	20	H. pendula Wawra
3	H. collinsiana Griggs	21	H. penduloides Loes.
4	H. combinata Abalo & Morales	22	H. platystachys Baker
5	H. dielsiana Loes.	23	H. pogonantha Cufod.
6	H. fernandezii Abalo & Morales	24	H. ramonensis Daniels & Stiles
7	H. flabellata Abalo & Morales	25	H. rauliniana Barreiros
8	H. griggsiana L.B. Smith	26	H. regalis L. Anderss.
9	H. huilensis Abalo & Morales	27	H. reptans Abalo & Morales
10	H. juruana Loes	28	H. revoluta (Griggs) Standley
11	H. laxa Abalo & Morales	29	H. rostrata R.P.
12	H. longissima Abalo & Morales	30	H. standleyi Macbr.
13	H. magnífica Kress	31	H. stella-maris Abalo & Morales
14	H. marginata (Griggs) Pittier	32	H. stilesii Kress
15	H. mariae Hook. F.	33	H. trichocarpa Daniels & Stiles
16	H. mutisiana Cuatrec.	34	H. vellerigera Poepp.
17	H. necrobracteata Kress	35	H. villosa Kl.
18	H. nutans Woodson	36	H. xanthovillosa Kress

Inflorescences	Classification
Inflorescence length	small (up to 0.80 m),		medium (0.81 and 1.50 m)	large (above 1.51m)
Number of bracts
Plan of insertion of bracts	same plan		different plan
Overlapping of bracts	free		overlapping bracts
Type and color of the rachis	straight and predominant color		sinuous and predominant color
Length of intermediate bracts (cm)	small (up to 10.0)	medium (between 10.1 and 20.0)	large (between 20.1 and 30.0 cm)	very large (over 30.1 cm)
Number of flowers per bract
Hairiness of bracts	very hairy		little hairy	without hair
Waxiness of bracts	very waxy		little waxy	without wax
Color of the bracts
Diameter of the floral stem (cm) taken 70 cm below the insertion of the inflorescence	thin (up to 1.0)		medium (between 1.1 and 3.0)	large (above 3.1)
Stem firmness	firm		intermediate	flaccid
Height of the floral stem and	light (up to 200.0 g)		medium (between 200.1 and 500.0 g)	heavy (above 500.0 g)

Specie	Section	Habit of the plant	Preferential exposure	Moisture of the soil	Sprouting and occupied area (m2)	Plant height (m)	Inflorescence size (m)
H. griggsiana	Griggsia	musoid	Half shade	Medium	Medium (2.2)	5-6	1.2
H. magnifica	Barbatae	musoid	Shade	High	High (3.2)	4-6	0.95
H. pogonantha	Barbatae	musoid	Half shade	High	High (2.7)	4-7.5	1.6
H. ramonensis	Barbatae	musoid	Full sun	Medium to High	High (2.6)	2.5- 6	0.9
H. regalis	Barbatae	musoid	Half shade	Medium	High (2.7)	4-6	1.0
H. vellerigera	Barbatae	musoid	Half shade	High	High (3.2)	4-7	1.0-1.5
H. xanthovillosa	Barbatae	musoid	Half shade	High	High (3.6)	3.5-4.5	0.86
H. longissima	Longae	musoid	Half shade	Medium	High (2.4)	2-4	1.8-2.1
H. mariae	Longae	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.3)	4-7.5	0.65
H. stilesii	Longae	musoid	Half shade	High	High (2.6)	5-6	1.0
H. chartaceae	Pendulae	musoid	Full sun	High	High (2.6)	2-4	0.40 a 1.20
H. collinsiana	Pendulae	musoid	Half shade	Medium	High (3.1)	4-6	0.72
H. fernandezii	Pendulae	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.2)	4-5	0.85-1.1
H. pendula	Pendulae	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.2)	2.5-4.5	0.45-0.95
H. platystachys	Pendulae	musoid	Half shade	High	Low (1.7)	3-4	1.0
H. revoluta	Pendulae	musoid	Shade	High	Medium (2.1)	2-3	0.45-0.6
H. villosa	Pendulae	musoid	Shade	High	Medium (2.0)	1.5-4	0.25-0.3
H. flabellata	Rostratae	musoid	Full sun	High	High (2.6)	1.5-3	0.6-0.8
H. juruana	Rostratae	canoide	Half shade	High	Medium (2.0)	2-4	0.46
H. marginata	Rostratae	musoid	Full sun	Extremely High	Low (1.7)	2-3	0.4
H. rauliniana	Rostratae	musoid	Half shade	High	High (2.5)	2-3	0.28-0.3
H. rostrata	Rostratae	musoid	Full sun	Medium	Medium (2.2)	2-5	0.90
H. standleyi	Rostratae	musoid	Half shade	Medium	Medium (2.2)	5-6	0.55
H. colgantea	Sigmoideae	musoid	Half shade	High	Media (2.3)	2-3.5	0.4-0.7
H. dielsiana	Sigmoideae	musoid	Half shade	High	High (2.4)	2-4	0.8
H. necrobracteata	Sigmoideae	musoid	Half shade	Medium	Medium (2.0)	4-4.5	0.4-0.55
H. penduloides	Sigmoideae	musoid	Half shade	Medium	Low (1.8)	3	0.80
H. reptans	Sigmoideae	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.0)	1.2-2.2	0.8-1.4
H. trichocarpa	Sigmoideae	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.3)	2-4	0.65
H. combinata	Obscurae	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.2)	2-3.5	0.8-1.6
H. laxa	Obscurae	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.0)	1-2	0.6-0.85
H. mutisiana	Obscurae	musoid	Shade	High	Medium (2.3)	2.5-4	0.60
H. obscura	Obscurae	musoid	Shade	High	Medium (2.3)	1.5-2.5	0.50
H. nutans	Contortex	musoid	Half shade	High	Medium (2.0)	1-2.5	0.55
H. huilensis	Dromedarius	musoid	Half shade	Medium	Medium (2.0)	1.5-3	0.6-1.3
H. stella-maris	Retiformes	musoid	Shade	Medium	Medium (2.2)	1-1.2	0.3-0.6

Specie	Type and color of the rachis	Number, insertion plan and imbricate bracts	Length of intermediate bracts (cm) and texture	Hairiness of bracts	Wax on bracts	Color of the bracts	Number of flowers/bracts
H. griggsiana	Sinuous Red, sometimes yellow	13-28 Diverse plans Free	15-18 Firm	Few	Very	Green with base and borders yellow, or reds to dark purple	Up to 15
H. magnifica	Sinuous red to purple	Up to 35 Diverse plans Free	8-10 Firm	Very	Without	Red to purple	10-15
H. pogonantha	Sinuous red to yellow	20-55 Diverse plans Free	8-12.5 Firm	Few	Without	Red, orange and yellow	10 a 30
H. ramonensis	Sinuous red to pink to yellow	20 to 40 Diverse plans Free	7-11 Firm	Very	Without	Red to pink-yellow or pink	10 a 30
H. regalis	Sinuous yellow, orange or red	15 to 30 Diverse plans Free	18-20 Firm	Very	Without	Orange, red or pink	Up to 20
H. vellerigera	Very Sinuous red and hairy with brown hairs	20-45 Diverse plans Free	8-12 Firm	Very	Without	Red, woolen, with wool with cream color	20-35
H. xanthovillosa	Sinuous shiny yellow	Up to 35 Same plan Free	8-10 Firm	Very	Without	Bright yellow woolen	12 a 20
H. longissima	Sinuous red	30-55 Diverse plans Free	10-14 Firm	Without	Few	Red	11 a 18
H. mariae	Little Sinuous red yellow	40-65 Same plan Imbricate	5-6.5 Firm	Without	Few	Pink to red	20-30
H. stilesii	Very Sinuous red	20-35 Same plan Free	8.5-9 Firm	Few	Few	Pink-red, pubescent.	10-20
H. chartaceae	Sinuous Pink or red	14-18 Diverse plans Free	13-20 Flaccid	Without	Very	Red or pink with borders pink or green	12
H. collinsiana	Sinuous red, sometimes yellow	7-18 Diverse plans Free	15-20 Flaccid	Without	Very	Orange-red	15-20
H. fernandezii	Sinuous red	15 to 20 Diverse plans Free	10 a 12 Firm	Without	Few	Red, with yellow borders	10
H. pendula	Strait red	8-15 Diverse plans Free	13-14 Flaccid	Without	Very	Red	10-15
H. platystachys	Little Sinuous red and becoming yellow near the terminal bracts	10-20 Diverse plans Free	11 a 16 Firm	Very	Without	Red on base, yellow Apex and small spots on the sides	6-15
H. revoluta	Very Sinuous red	10-15 Diverse plans Free	8-15 Firm	Very	Without	Red	8-15
H. villosa	Sinuous red or yellow	15 to 20 Diverse plans Imbricate	14-20 Firm	Very	Without	Red or yellow	10 a 12
H. flabellata	Sinuous red-orange	4-8 Diverse plans Free	7-7.5 Flaccid	Very	Without	Red with Apex and borders yellow-green	7-9
H. juruana	Sinuous with red marks	10-30 Diverse plans Free	5-7 Flaccid	Few	Without	Red and one-third yellow-greenish on the upper third of apex	3-4
H. marginata	Sinuous red	9-15 Diverse plans Free	7-9.5 Firm	Without	Without	Red with yellow borders or greenish apex	7-15
H. rauliniana	Sinuous red	7-10 Diverse plans Free	10-15 Firm	Few	Without	Red with yellow borders with green stretch marks	2-3
H. rostrata	Sinuous red	18-25 Same plan Free	7-9.5 Firm	Few	Without	Red with yellow or green borders	2-5
H. standleyi	Straight to Sinuous red	11 to 25 Diverse plans Free	7-9.0 Firm	Few	Without	Red with yellow-green borders	2-5
H. colgantea	Sinuous pink	8-10 Diverse plans Free	8-12.0 Flaccid	Few	Without	Dark pink with green tones	Up to 15
H. dielsiana	Sinuous red orange or yellow	18-25 Same plan Free	10-13.5 Firm	Very	Without	Orange-red to red	10-15
H. necrobracteata	Sinuous dark red	10-20 Diverse plans Free	7-8 Firm	Few	Without	Red becoming necrotic right after anthesis	10 a 30
H. penduloides	Sinuous pink	20-25 Diverse plans Free	10-14 Flaccid	Without	Very	Pinky	10 a 30
H. reptans	Sinuous red brown	34-45 Same plan Free	7-11 Firm	Without	Without	Red-brown	Up to 20
H. trichocarpa	Sinuous red	6-11 Diverse plans Free	10-12 Flaccid	Without	Without	Pinky	20-35
H. combinata	Sinuous red	15-45 Diverse plans Free	8.5-10 Firm	Very	Without	Red with early necrotic margins	12 a 20
H. laxa	Sinuous red	18 Same plan Free	8-13 Firm	Very	Without	Red	11 a 18
H. mutisiana	Sinuous red-orange	16-20 Same plan Imbricate	8.5-10 Firm	Very	Without	Red to orange	20-30
H. obscura	Sinuous red or yellow-green	10-14 Diverse plans Free	10-12 Firm	Very	Without	Red opaque with black necrotic apexes	10-20
H. nutans	Sinuous red to red-orange	5-13 Diverse plans Free	7-11 Flaccid	Very	Without	Red-orange	12
H. huilensis	Sinuous red	12-20 Same plan Free	10-16 Firm	Very	Without	Red	15-20
H. stella-maris	Sinuous red-orange	14-28 Diverse plans Free	10-24 Firm	Very	Without	Red	10

Specie	Diameter of floral stem (cm)	Height of floral stem (g)	Stem firmness	Flowering season	Number of inflorescences/cycle	Senescence signs and post-harvest longevity (days)	Purchase impulse (%)
H. griggsiana	Medium (1-2 cm)	Heavy 540.0	Firm	May to September	20-35	Fall of flowers, Loss of brightness, Bracts wilt - 10 (Medium)	78
H. magnifica	Large (2.5-4)	Heavy 620.0	Firm	March to September	36-48	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 12 (Medium)	88
H. pogonantha	Medium (1.5-3)	Heavy 560.0	Firm	All year	40-60	Loss of brightness Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Apical dryness - 14 (High)	92
H. ramonensis	Medium (1.1 a 2)	Heavy 520.0	Firm	All year	40-60	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 10 (Medium)	76
H. regalis	Medium (1.5-2.5)	Heavy 550.0	Firm	May to August	16-35	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 12 (Medium)	96
H. vellerigera	Large (2.5-5.0)	Heavy 600.0	Firm	April to September	28-50	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 12 (Medium)	94
H. xanthovillosa	Large (6 a 6.5)	Heavy 620.0	Firm	May to November	30-60	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 12 (Medium)	100
H. longissima	Medium (1.5-3.0)	Heavy 520.0	Firm	September to December	20-42	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt -14 (High)	92
H. mariae	Large (6-8)	Heavy 600.0	Firm	All year	25-40	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Apical dryness - 14 (High)	76
H. stilesii	Large (6-7)	Heavy 580.0	Firm	June to September	20-36	Loss of brightness Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 10 (Medium)	84
H. chartacea	Medium (1.5-2.5)	Heavy 520.0	Firm	August to January	24-40	Fall of flowers, Loss of brightness, Extern and intern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Borders wilt, fall of bracts - 15 (High)	100
H. collinsiana	Medium (2.5-3)	Heavy 540.0	Medium	January to August	36-60	Fall of flowers and fruits, Intern and extern darkness of bracts, Loss of brightness, Bracts wilt, Apical dryness - 5 (Low)	86
H. fernandezii	Medium (1-2.5)	Medium 400.0	Firm	October to February	28-50	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 16 (High)	90
H. pendula	Medium (1.5-2.5)	Medium 320.0	Medium	April to October	16-30	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 3 (Low)	68
H. platystachys	Medium (1-1.3)	Medium 300.0	Firm	April to October	14-20	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Borders wilt, Apical dryness - 12 (Medium)	86
H. revoluta	Medium (1.8-3.0)	Heavy 560.0	Firm	October to February	20-36	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 9 (Medium)	62
H. villosa	Medium (1.5-3.0)	Medium 340.0	Firm	October to February	16-24	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 5 (Low)	54
H. flabellata	Medium (2.0-3.0)	Medium 420.0	Firm	July to February	25-40	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Apical dryness - 6 (Low)	36
H. juruana	Large (2.0-3.2)	Light 210.0	Medium	All year	20-40	Fall of bracts, Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 3 (Low)	38
H. marginata	Large (2.0-3.5)	Medium 440.0	Firm	July and August	12-20	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Apical dryness - 4 (Low)	42
H. rauliniana	Medium (2.0-3.0)	Heavy 580.0	Firm	November to February	24-40	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Apical dryness - 16 (High)	88
H. rostrata	Large (1.8-3.5)	Medium 410.0	Firm	All year	40-70	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Withering of the pointer - 15 (High)	92
H. standleyi	Large (1.5-3.2)	Medium 400.0	Firm	All year	25-30	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Fall of bracts, Withering of the pointer - 8 (Medium)	78
H. colgantea	Medium (2.0-3.0)	Medium 440.0	Firm	May to November	24-40	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Borders wilt, Apical dryness - 9 (Medium)	68
H. dielsiana	Large (2.5-4.0)	Medium 480.0	Firm	August to October	15-30	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Drop fruits -11 (Medium)	78
H. necrobracteata	Medium (1.8-3.0)	Medium 320.0	Firm	April to August	20-35	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 10 (Medium)	86
H. penduloides	Medium (1.5-3.0)	Medium 360.0	Medium	October to February	12-20	Loss of brightness, Extern and intern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, necrose das bordas, Apical dryness - 3 (Low)	58
H. reptans	Medium (1.0-2.5)	Medium 310.0	Flaccid	November to February	25-30	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 10 (Medium)	44
H. trichocarpa	Medium (1.4-2.5)	Medium 360.0	Firm	July to November	16-25	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Borders wilt - 8 (Medium)	46
H. combinata	Medium (1.8-3.0)	Heavy 560.0	Firm	May to August	20-30	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Borders wilt - 8 (Medium)	78
H. laxa	Medium (2.0-2.8)	Heavy 520.0	Firm	August to December	20-35	Loss of brightness, Extern and intern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Borders wilt, Apical dryness - 10 (Medium)	68
H. mutisiana	Large (2.2-3.5)	Heavy 560.0	Firm	August to December	25-32	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt 12 (Medium)	52
H. obscura	Large (2.5-3.5)	Heavy 580.0	Firm	October to February	15-25	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 10 (Medium)	32
H. nutans	Large (2.2-3.4)	Light 240.0	Firm	February to August	18-35	Loss of brightness, Extern and intern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt, Borders wilt, Apical dryness - 3 (Low)	18
H. huilensis	Large (2.0-3.4)	Light 240.0	Medium	August to October	20-30	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 4 (Low)	84
H. stella-maris	Medium (2.0-3.0)	Light 220.0	Medium	October to February	15-25	Loss of brightness, Extern darkness of bracts, Bracts wilt - 9 (Medium)	54

Specie	FS	CP	FS	PHL	H	P	TE	RT	PI	TOT
H. griggsiana	4	3	4	4	6	5	5	2	2	35
H. magnifica	4	3	4	4	5	4	5	2	3	34
H. pogonantha	4	3	4	6	6	4	5	3	3	38
H. ramonensis	4	3	4	4	6	5	6	2	2	36
H. regalis	4	3	4	4	6	5	6	2	3	37
H. vellerigera	4	3	4	4	5	4	5	2	3	34
H. xanthovillosa	4	3	4	4	6	5	6	1	3	36
H. longissima	4	3	4	6	6	3	5	3	3	37
H. mariae	4	3	4	6	7	5	6	3	2	40
H. stilesii	4	3	4	4	7	5	6	2	3	38
H. chartaceae	4	3	4	6	5	4	4	1	3	34
H. collinsiana	4	3	2	2	3	2	2	1	3	22
H. fernandezii	4	3	4	6	9	8	9	3	3	49
H. pendula	4	2	2	2	5	5	5	1	2	28
H. platystachys	4	2	4	4	7	7	8	1	3	40
H. revoluta	4	3	4	4	6	5	6	2	2	36
H. villosa	4	2	4	2	7	7	8	1	2	37
H. flabellata	4	3	4	2	7	7	8	1	1	37
H. juruana	4	3	2	2	6	5	6	1	1	30
H. marginata	2	2	4	2	7	5	6	1	1	30
H. rauliniana	4	3	4	6	7	5	6	3	3	41
H. rostrata	4	3	4	6	9	8	9	3	3	49
H. standleyi	4	2	4	4	8	7	8	2	2	41
H. colgantea	4	3	4	4	6	4	5	1	2	33
H. dielsiana	2	2	4	4	6	6	7	2	2	35
H. necrobracteata	4	3	2	4	8	7	8	2	3	41
H. penduloides	4	2	2	2	5	4	4	0	2	25
H. reptans	4	2	0	4	8	7	8	3	2	38
H. trichocarpa	4	2	4	4	7	5	6	1	2	35
H. combinata	4	2	4	4	6	5	6	2	2	35
H. laxa	4	3	4	4	7	7	8	2	2	41
H. mutisiana	4	3	4	4	6	6	7	2	2	38
H. obscura	4	2	4	4	5	4	5	2	2	32
H. nutans	4	3	4	2	5	4	5	1	0	28
H. huilensis	4	2	2	2	6	6	7	2	3	34
H. stella-maris	4	2	2	4	6	5	6	2	2	33

[1] * Corresponding author: charleston.goncalves@sp.gov.br

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Helicônias com inflorescências pendentes como flores de corte

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