Amino acid solutions on the growth of the ornamental plant <i>Impatiens walleriana</i> grown under root restriction stress

Figure 1
Total fresh weight at the end of the experiment (110 days from transplanting) for Impatiens wallerana plants grown in 288-or 50-cell plug trays and sprayed at the pre-transplant stage with a control without amino acids, a solution containing all amino acids (Mix), or solutions (100 mg L^-1) containing one of each of the following amino acids: Asp= Aspartic acid; Ala= Alanine; Cys= Cysteine; Gly= Glycine; Glu= Glutamic acid; Leu= Leucine; Lys= Lysine; Met= Methionine; Threo= Threonine; Tryp= Trypsin; or Val=Valine. Vertical lines indicate standard errors (n = 10).

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Figure 2
Total (A) and individual (B) leaf area at the end of the experiment (110 days from transplanting) for Impatiens wallerana plants grown in 288- or 50-cell plug trays and sprayed at the pre-transplant stage with a control without amino acids, a solution containing all amino acids (Mix), or solutions (100 mg L^-1) containing one of each of the following amino acids: Asp= Aspartic acid; Ala= Alanine; Cys= Cysteine; Gly= Glycine; Glu= Glutamic acid; Leu= Leucine; Lys= Lysine; Met= Methionine; Threo= Threonine; Tryp= Trypsin; or Val=Valine. Vertical lines indicate standard errors (n = 10).

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Figure 3
RLA (A), RLAE (B), NAR (C), and the β coefficient from root/shoot allometries (D) related to RGR for Impatiens walleriana plants grown in 50- or 288-cell plug trays and sprayed at the pre-transplant stage with a control without amino acids, a solution containing all amino acids (Mix), or solutions (100 mg L^-1) containing Aspartic acid, Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Trypsin, or Valine. The straight-line regressions were RLA₅₀ = 29.60 RGR - 0.72 (r² = 0.560; p < 0.05); RLA₂₈₈ = 18.36 RGR - 0.48 (r² = 0.475; p < 0.05); RLAE₅₀ = 1.16 RGR + 0.003 (r² = 0.540; p < 0.05); RLAE₂₈₈ = 0.62 RGR + 0.023 (r² = 0.439; p < 0.05); NAR₅₀ = 1698.10 RGR - 58.06 (r² = 0.614; p < 0.05); NAR₂₈₈ = 799.365 RGR - 12.09 (r² = 0.694; p < 0.05); β₅₀ = -8.73 RGR + 1.38 (r² = 0.554; p < 0.05); β₂₈₈ = -14.48 RGR + 1.55 (r² = 0.476; p < 0.05) (n = 50).

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Table 1
Changes in the rate of leaf appearance (RLA) and the relative rate of leaf area expansion (RLAE) during the experiment for Impatiens wallerana plants grown in 288-or 50-cell plug trays and sprayed at the pre-transplant stage with a control without amino acids, a solution containing all amino acids (Mix), or solutions (100 mg L^-1) containing Aspartic acid, Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Trypsin, or Valine. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between control and amino acid-sprayed treatments. Different capital letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between plants from different cell plug size trays. (n = 50).

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Table 2
Changes in the relative growth rate (RGR) and the mean net assimilation rate (NAR) during the experiment for Impatiens walleriana plants grown in 288- or 50-cell plug trays and sprayed at the pre-transplant stage with a control without amino acids, a solution containing all amino acids (Mix), or solutions (100 mg L^-1) containing Aspartic acid, Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Trypsin, or Valine. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between control and amino acid-sprayed treatments. Different capital letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between plants from different cell plug size trays. (n = 50).

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Table 3
Changes in allometric relationships between roots/shoots and leaves/stems for Impatiens walleriana plants grown in 288- or 50-cell plug trays and sprayed at the pre-transplant stage with a control without amino acids, a solution containing all amino acids (Mix), or solutions (100 mg L^-1) containing Aspartic acid, Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Trypsin, or Valine. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between control and amino acids-sprayed treatments. Different capital letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between plants from different cell plug trays (n = 50).

	RLA (leaves day^-1)		RLAE (cm² cm^-2 day^-1)
	288-cell plug trays	50-cell plug trays	288-cell plug trays	50-cell plug trays
Control	0.756dB	0.933dA	0.056aB	0.083aA
Mix	0.532fB	0.647gA	0.059aB	0.078aA
Aspartic acid	0.491gB	0.869eA	0.058aB	0.069aA
Alanine	0.483gB	0.717fA	0.060aB	0.071aA
Cysteine	0.703eB	0.945dA	0.059aB	0.095aA
Glycine	0.758dB	1.176bA	0.057aB	0.072aA
Glutamic acid	0.568fB	1.148bA	0.061aB	0.072aA
Leucine	0.680eB	1.019cA	0.058aB	0.069aA
Lysine	0.840cB	1.234aA	0.066aB	0.079aA
Methionine	0.968aB	1.176bA	0.064aB	0.083aA
Threonine	0.915bB	1.226aA	0.061aB	0.089aA
Trypsin	0.984aA	0.899eB	0.053aB	0.091aA
Valine	0.922bB	0.975dA	0.057aB	0.068aA

	RGR (g g^-1 day^-1)		NAR (g cm^-2 day^-1) x 10^-5
	288-cell plug trays	50-cell plug trays	288-cell plug trays	50-cell plug trays
Control	0.058aB	0.074bA	25.93eB	70.20bA
Mix	0.054aB	0.059cA	30.66dB	48.43cA
Aspartic acid	0.058aB	0.066bA	29.87dB	43.56dA
Alanine	0.052bB	0.064bA	30.01dB	47.31cA
Cysteine	0.045bB	0.067bA	44.65aB	86.65aA
Glycine	0.058aB	0.063bA	34.58cB	42.78cA
Glutamic acid	0.056aB	0.064bA	29.92dB	48.90cA
Leucine	0.061aA	0.057cA	40.12bA	45.40dA
Lysine	0.064aA	0.067bA	40.69bB	49.05cA
Methionine	0.056aB	0.069bA	29.64dB	45.78dA
Threonine	0.056aB	0.071bA	33.92cB	72.43bA
Trypsin	0.054aB	0.069bA	33.73cB	70.97bA
Valine	0.059aB	0.082aA	34.98cB	67.17bA

	β coefficient (root/shoot)		β coefficient (leaves/stems)
	288-cell plug trays	50-cell plug trays	288-cell plug trays	50-cell plug trays
Control	0.787dA	0.687dB	0.828dA	0.719aB
Mix	0.933aA	0.843aB	0.719fA	0.640cB
Aspartic acid	0.822cA	0.744cB	0.760eA	0.629cB
Alanine	0.855bA	0.714cB	0.642hA	0.570dB
Cysteine	0.862bA	0.672dB	0.903bA	0.220fB
Glycine	0.797dA	0.772bB	0.862bA	0.660bB
Glutamic acid	0.756dA	0.717cB	0.674gA	0.673bA
Leucine	0.811cA	0.593eB	0.701fA	0.669bB
Lysine	0.777dA	0.723cB	0.836cA	0.730aB
Methionine	0.786dA	0.496fB	0.871bA	0.646cB
Threonine	0.742eB	0.797bA	0.846cA	0.726aB
Trypsin	0.813cA	0.675dB	0.854cA	0.642cB
Valine	0.619fB	0.800bA	0.966aA	0.544eB

[1] * Corresponding author: dibenede@agro.uba.ar

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Amino acid solutions on the growth of the ornamental plant Impatiens walleriana grown under root restriction stress

Solução de aminoácidos no crescimento da planta ornamental Impatiens walleriana sob estresse de restrição de desenvolvimento radicular

Abstract