Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Competição e competição / cooperação

Resumos

O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de encontrar um eixo comum baseado na relação entre a competição e a cooperação nas visões aplicadas a arranjos produtivos locais, ao cooperativismo e redes setoriais e municipais, ao empreendedorismo e às dimensões local e global a do protagonismo empresarial. Nesta abordagem, estar-se-á analisando as experiências internacionais do convívio da competição com a cooperação, enquadrando-as nas dimensões básicas do território e da rede. Serão apresentados dois modelos organizacionais que vêm demonstrando eficiência na capacidade de se constituir em habitat da cooperação e da inovação. O primeiro modelo está baseado no território diferenciado, o qual apresenta eficiente capacidade de coordenação por parte de uma instituição líder que atrai parceiros visando uma concentração espacial do tipo, como é conhecido internacionalmente, arranjo produtivo local ou distrito industrial. O segundo está baseado na rede formada por iniciativa de agentes econômicos e sociais, e surge como um tipo de organização que revela uma coesão corporativa, capacidade de articulação e eloqüente demonstração da existência de dotação de capital social.


The present article is an attempt of finding a common axis based on the relationship between the competition and the cooperation in applied visions, concerning local productive arrangements, co-operative tendency in the sector and municipal level, entrepreneurship and the local and global dimensions of the entrepreneurial leadership. In this approach, will be analyzed the international experiences of the competition and the cooperation conviviality, inside the basic dimensions of the territory and of the net. Will be focused two organizational models that are able to demonstrate efficiency in the capacity to become habitats of the cooperation and of the innovation. The first model is based on the distinguished territory, which presents an efficient coordination capacity provide by an institution leader to attracts partners aiming a space concentration like local productive arrangements or industrial district, as they are known internationally. The second model is based on the net formed by economic and social agents' initiative, and it appears as one sort of organization that reveals a corporate cohesion, articulation capacity and eloquent demonstration of social capital endowment existence.


ARTIGOS

Competição e competição / cooperação

Amílcar Baiardi

Prof. NPGA/CIAGS/EAUFBA e UFRB

RESUMO

O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de encontrar um eixo comum baseado na relação entre a competição e a cooperação nas visões aplicadas a arranjos produtivos locais, ao cooperativismo e redes setoriais e municipais, ao empreendedorismo e às dimensões local e global a do protagonismo empresarial. Nesta abordagem, estar-se-á analisando as experiências internacionais do convívio da competição com a cooperação, enquadrando-as nas dimensões básicas do território e da rede. Serão apresentados dois modelos organizacionais que vêm demonstrando eficiência na capacidade de se constituir em habitat da cooperação e da inovação. O primeiro modelo está baseado no território diferenciado, o qual apresenta eficiente capacidade de coordenação por parte de uma instituição líder que atrai parceiros visando uma concentração espacial do tipo, como é conhecido internacionalmente, arranjo produtivo local ou distrito industrial. O segundo está baseado na rede formada por iniciativa de agentes econômicos e sociais, e surge como um tipo de organização que revela uma coesão corporativa, capacidade de articulação e eloqüente demonstração da existência de dotação de capital social.

ABSTRACT

The present article is an attempt of finding a common axis based on the relationship between the competition and the cooperation in applied visions, concerning local productive arrangements, co-operative tendency in the sector and municipal level, entrepreneurship and the local and global dimensions of the entrepreneurial leadership. In this approach, will be analyzed the international experiences of the competition and the cooperation conviviality, inside the basic dimensions of the territory and of the net. Will be focused two organizational models that are able to demonstrate efficiency in the capacity to become habitats of the cooperation and of the innovation. The first model is based on the distinguished territory, which presents an efficient coordination capacity provide by an institution leader to attracts partners aiming a space concentration like local productive arrangements or industrial district, as they are known internationally. The second model is based on the net formed by economic and social agents' initiative, and it appears as one sort of organization that reveals a corporate cohesion, articulation capacity and eloquent demonstration of social capital endowment existence.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

Referências

AMIN, A. Distretti industriali in un contexto globale che cambia: Santa Croce sull'Arno. In: LEONARDI, R.; NANETTI, R. (org.) Lo sviluppo regionale nell'economia europea integrale. Venezia: Marsilio Editori, 1993.

AUDRETSCH, D. B.; PAULA, S. Company-scientist locational links: the case of biotechnology, American Economic Review, [s.l.], p.86, 641-652, 1996.

AXELSSON, B. Corporate strategy models and networks - diverging perspectives. In: AXELSSON, B.; EASTON, G. (Ed.), Industrial networks: a new view of reality. London: Routhledge, 1992. p184-204.

AYDALOT, P.; DAVID. K. (Ed..), High technology and innovative environments: the european experience. London: Routledge, 1988.

BELL, M.; ALBU, M. Knowledge systems and technological dynamism in industrial clusters in developing countries. World Development, [S.L.], v. 27, n. 9, p.17151734, 1999.

BENKO. G. Economia, espaço e globalização na aurora do século XXI. São Paulo: HUCITEC, 1996.

BOBBIO, N. Teoria generale della política. Torrino: Biblioteca Einaudi, 1999.

CAMAGNI, R. (Ed.) Innovation networks: spatial perspectives. London: Belhaven, 1991.

CIANFERONI, R. Radici, imaginario e condizioni dello svilupo integrale di qualità della Toscana. In: LEONARDI, R.; NANETTI, R. (Org) Lo sviluppo regionale nell'economia europea integrale. Venezia: Marsilio Editori, 1993.

COOKE, P., The new wave of regional innovation networks: analysis, characteristics and strategy. Small Business Economics, [s.l.], n.8, p.159-171, 1996.

______. Global clustering and regional innovation - systemic integration in wales. In: BRACZYK, H. J.; COOKE, P.; HEIDENREICH, M. (Ed.), Regional innovation systems: the role of governances in a globalised world.2 London: UCL Press, 1998. p.245-272.

______; MIKEL,U.; ETXEBARRIA, G. Regional innovation systems: institutional and organisational dimensions, Research Policy, n.26, p.475-491, 1997.

COOKE, P.; MORGAN, K. The creative milieu: a regional perspective on innovation. In: DODGSON, M.; ROTHWELL, R. The handbook of industrial innovation. Brookfield: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 1996.

COUTINHO, L.; FERRAZ, J.C. (Org.) Estudo da competitividade da indústria brasileira. São Paulo: Papirus, Editora Unicamp, 1994.

COHEN, W.M.; LEVINTHAL, D.A. Absorptive capacity: new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, v.35, p. 128-152, 1990.

CREVOISIER, O.; DENNIS, M. Milieu. Industrial organization and territorial production system: towards a new theory of spatial development. In: CAMAGNI, R. (Ed.) Innovation networks: spatial perspectives. London: Belhaven, 1991.

DEI OTTATI, G. Trust, interlinking transaction and credit in the industrial district. Cambridge Journal of Economics, [s.l.], v.18, p.529-546, 1994.

DOSI, G.; SOETE, L. Technical change and international trade. In: DOSI, G. et al. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.

DOUGLAS, Mary. Como as instituições pensam. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1998.

EDQUIST, C. Systems of innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. [s.l.]: Printer, 1997.

______., Systems of innovation approaches: their emergence and characteristics. In: EDQUIST, C. (Ed), Systems of innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. London: Pinter, 1997

FARINA, E. M. Q.; ZYLBERSTAJN, D. Competitividade e organização das cadeias agroindustriais. São Paulo: PENSA, [199-] .

FAGERBERG, J. Why growth rates differ. In: DOSI, G. et al. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.

GIANNETTI, R. Tecnologia e sviluppo economico italiano, 1870-1990. Imola: Il Mulino, 1998.

GRABHER, G Rediscovering the social in the economics of interfirm relations. In: GRABHER, G. (Ed.), The embedded firm: on the socioeconomics of industrial networks. London: Routledge, 1993.

KATZ, J. Technologie, économie et industrialisation tardive. In: SALOMON, J, J. La quête incrtaine: science, technologie et development. Paris: Economica, 1994.

KRUGMAN, P, Geography and trade, Cambridge: MIT-Press, 1991.

LABINI, S. Il sottosviluppo e l'economia contemporanea. Roma: Laterza, 1983.

______. Nuove tecnologie e disoccupazione. Roma: Laterza, 1989.

LANDES, D. S. O prometeu desacorrentado: transformação tecnológica e desenvolvimento industrial na Europa ocidental, desde 1750 até a nossa época. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1994.

______. A riqueza e a pobreza das nações: por que algumas são tão ricas e outras tão pobres? Rio de Janeiro: Editora Campus, 1998.

LUNDVALL, B. National systems of innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. [s.l.]: Printer, 1995.

______. National systems and national styles of innovation, paper presented at. In: THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ASEAT CONFERENCE "DIFFERENCES IN STYLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION", 4., 1997, Manchester. Anais... Manchester: [s.n.], 1997. p. 2-4.

______.(Org.), National systems of innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning, London: Pinter, 1992.

MARSHALL, A . Princípios de economia. V. I . São Paulo: Victor Civita Editor, 1982.

MOLINA, F.X. Human capital in the industrial districts. Human Systems Management, [s.l.]: v. 20, p. 319-331, 2001.

______. Sistemas productius descentralitzas: factor territorial i estratègies empresarials. Valencia: Comité Econòmic i Social de la Comunitat Valenciana en la Serie 7 (Economía y Empresa), Fundació Bancaixa, 1999.

NORTH, D. Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

______. Institutions. Journal of Economic Perspectives, [s.l.], v.5, n.1, 1991.

______. Economic performance through time. Washington, DC.: Washington University St. Louis, 1993.

OLSON, M. A lógica da ação coletiva: os benefícios públicos e uma teoria dos grupos sociais. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999.

OSTROM, E. Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.

______. Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

PEREZ, C.; SOETE, L. Catching up in technology: entry barriers and windows of opportunity. In: DOSI, G. et. al.. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.

PERRIN, J.C. Organisation industrielle: la composante territoriale. Revue d' Economie Industrielle, [s.l.], n.50, p.276-303, 1990.

______. Reseaux d'innovation: milieux innovateurs. développment territorial. Revue d'Economie Régionale et Urbainne, [s.l.], v.3, n.4, p.343-374, 1991.

______. Pour une revision de la science régionale. L' approche par les milieux. Revue Canadienne des Sciences Régionales / Canadian Journal of Regional Science, [s.l.], v.15, n.2, p.155-197, 1992.

PIORE, M. J.; SABEL, C.F. Italian small business development: lessons for U.S. and Ustrial policy, in American business. In: International competition: government policies and corporate strategies. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1983.

PORTER, M. The competitive advantage of nations. London: Macmillan Press, 1990.

POWELL, W. W. Neither market nor hierarchy: network forms of organization, Research in Organizational Behavior, [s.l.], v.12, p.295-336. 1990.

PUTMAN, R. La tradizione civica nelle regione italiane. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1994.

PYKE, F.; BECATTINI, G.; SENGENBERGER,W (Ed.). Industrial districts and inter-firm cooperation in Italy. Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1990.

RECCHI, E.. Reciprocità: un nome per tre concettti. Stato e Mercato, [s.l.], n.39, 1993.

ROMER, P. M. The origins of endogenous growth, Journal of Economic Perspectives, [s.l.], v.8, p.2-22, 1994.

SAXENIAN, A. Regional advantage. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.

SCHUMPETER, J. A. Capitalismo, socialismo e democracia. Rio de janeiro: Zahar, 1984.

______. Teoria do desenvolvimento econômico. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1982.

SOETE, L. International diffusion of technology and international trade competition, preface. In: DOSI, G. et. al. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.

STERNBERG, ROLF. Innovation networks and regional development: evidence from the European Regional Innovation Survey (ERIS): theoretical concepts, methodological approach, empirical basis and introduction to the theme issue, European Planning Studies, [s.l.], n.8, p.389-407, 2000.

SWEEZY P. M. Teoria do desenvolvimento capitalista. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Zahar, 1976.

VERNON, R. La inversión internacional y el comercio internacional en el ciclo de productos. In: ROSENBERG, N. Economia del cambio tecnológico. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1979.

WILLIAMSON, O. E. The economic institutions of capitalism: firms, markets, relational contracting. New York: The Free Press, 1985.

______. Comparative economic organizations: the analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quartely, [s.l.], v.36, p.269-296, 1991.

______. Transaction cost economics and organiztion theory. Industrial and Corporate Change, [s.l.], v.2, n.2, p107-156, 1993.

VON HIPPEL, E. Cooperation between rivals: informal know how trading, Research Policy, [s.l.], v.16, p.291-302, 1987.

WOOLCOCK, M.; NARAYAN, D. Social capital: implications for development theory, research and policy. The World Bank Research Observer, [s.l.], v.15, n. 2, p.225-249, 2000.

  • AMIN, A. Distretti industriali in un contexto globale che cambia: Santa Croce sull'Arno. In: LEONARDI, R.; NANETTI, R. (org.) Lo sviluppo regionale nell'economia europea integrale. Venezia: Marsilio Editori, 1993.
  • AUDRETSCH, D. B.; PAULA, S. Company-scientist locational links: the case of biotechnology, American Economic Review, [s.l.], p.86, 641-652, 1996.
  • AXELSSON, B. Corporate strategy models and networks - diverging perspectives. In: AXELSSON, B.; EASTON, G. (Ed.), Industrial networks: a new view of reality. London: Routhledge, 1992. p184-204.
  • AYDALOT, P.; DAVID. K. (Ed..), High technology and innovative environments: the european experience. London: Routledge, 1988.
  • BELL, M.; ALBU, M. Knowledge systems and technological dynamism in industrial clusters in developing countries. World Development, [S.L.], v. 27, n. 9, p.17151734, 1999.
  • BENKO. G. Economia, espaço e globalização na aurora do século XXI. São Paulo: HUCITEC, 1996.
  • BOBBIO, N. Teoria generale della política. Torrino: Biblioteca Einaudi, 1999.
  • CAMAGNI, R. (Ed.) Innovation networks: spatial perspectives. London: Belhaven, 1991.
  • CIANFERONI, R. Radici, imaginario e condizioni dello svilupo integrale di qualità della Toscana. In: LEONARDI, R.; NANETTI, R. (Org) Lo sviluppo regionale nell'economia europea integrale. Venezia: Marsilio Editori, 1993.
  • COOKE, P., The new wave of regional innovation networks: analysis, characteristics and strategy. Small Business Economics, [s.l.], n.8, p.159-171, 1996.
  • ______. Global clustering and regional innovation - systemic integration in wales. In: BRACZYK, H. J.; COOKE, P.; HEIDENREICH, M. (Ed.), Regional innovation systems: the role of governances in a globalised world.2 London: UCL Press, 1998. p.245-272.
  • ______; MIKEL,U.; ETXEBARRIA, G. Regional innovation systems: institutional and organisational dimensions, Research Policy, n.26, p.475-491, 1997.
  • COOKE, P.; MORGAN, K. The creative milieu: a regional perspective on innovation. In: DODGSON, M.; ROTHWELL, R. The handbook of industrial innovation. Brookfield: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 1996.
  • COUTINHO, L.; FERRAZ, J.C. (Org.) Estudo da competitividade da indústria brasileira. São Paulo: Papirus, Editora Unicamp, 1994.
  • COHEN, W.M.; LEVINTHAL, D.A. Absorptive capacity: new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, v.35, p. 128-152, 1990.
  • CREVOISIER, O.; DENNIS, M. Milieu. Industrial organization and territorial production system: towards a new theory of spatial development. In: CAMAGNI, R. (Ed.) Innovation networks: spatial perspectives. London: Belhaven, 1991.
  • DEI OTTATI, G. Trust, interlinking transaction and credit in the industrial district. Cambridge Journal of Economics, [s.l.], v.18, p.529-546, 1994.
  • DOSI, G.; SOETE, L. Technical change and international trade. In: DOSI, G. et al. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.
  • DOUGLAS, Mary. Como as instituições pensam. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1998.
  • EDQUIST, C. Systems of innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. [s.l.]: Printer, 1997.
  • ______., Systems of innovation approaches: their emergence and characteristics. In: EDQUIST, C. (Ed), Systems of innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. London: Pinter, 1997
  • FARINA, E. M. Q.; ZYLBERSTAJN, D. Competitividade e organização das cadeias agroindustriais. São Paulo: PENSA, [199-]
  • FAGERBERG, J. Why growth rates differ. In: DOSI, G. et al. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.
  • GIANNETTI, R. Tecnologia e sviluppo economico italiano, 1870-1990. Imola: Il Mulino, 1998.
  • GRABHER, G Rediscovering the social in the economics of interfirm relations. In: GRABHER, G. (Ed.), The embedded firm: on the socioeconomics of industrial networks. London: Routledge, 1993.
  • KATZ, J. Technologie, économie et industrialisation tardive. In: SALOMON, J, J. La quête incrtaine: science, technologie et development. Paris: Economica, 1994.
  • KRUGMAN, P, Geography and trade, Cambridge: MIT-Press, 1991.
  • LABINI, S. Il sottosviluppo e l'economia contemporanea. Roma: Laterza, 1983.
  • ______. Nuove tecnologie e disoccupazione. Roma: Laterza, 1989.
  • LANDES, D. S. O prometeu desacorrentado: transformação tecnológica e desenvolvimento industrial na Europa ocidental, desde 1750 até a nossa época. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1994.
  • ______. A riqueza e a pobreza das nações: por que algumas são tão ricas e outras tão pobres? Rio de Janeiro: Editora Campus, 1998.
  • LUNDVALL, B. National systems of innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. [s.l.]: Printer, 1995.
  • ______. National systems and national styles of innovation, paper presented at. In: THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL ASEAT CONFERENCE "DIFFERENCES IN STYLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION", 4., 1997, Manchester. Anais... Manchester: [s.n.], 1997. p. 2-4.
  • ______.(Org.), National systems of innovation: towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning, London: Pinter, 1992.
  • MARSHALL, A . Princípios de economia. V. I . São Paulo: Victor Civita Editor, 1982.
  • MOLINA, F.X. Human capital in the industrial districts. Human Systems Management, [s.l.]: v. 20, p. 319-331, 2001.
  • ______. Sistemas productius descentralitzas: factor territorial i estratègies empresarials. Valencia: Comité Econòmic i Social de la Comunitat Valenciana en la Serie 7 (Economía y Empresa), Fundació Bancaixa, 1999.
  • NORTH, D. Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
  • ______. Institutions. Journal of Economic Perspectives, [s.l.], v.5, n.1, 1991.
  • ______. Economic performance through time. Washington, DC.: Washington University St. Louis, 1993.
  • OLSON, M. A lógica da ação coletiva: os benefícios públicos e uma teoria dos grupos sociais. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999.
  • OSTROM, E. Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.
  • ______. Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • PEREZ, C.; SOETE, L. Catching up in technology: entry barriers and windows of opportunity. In: DOSI, G. et. al.. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.
  • PERRIN, J.C. Organisation industrielle: la composante territoriale. Revue d' Economie Industrielle, [s.l.], n.50, p.276-303, 1990.
  • ______. Reseaux d'innovation: milieux innovateurs. développment territorial. Revue d'Economie Régionale et Urbainne, [s.l.], v.3, n.4, p.343-374, 1991.
  • ______. Pour une revision de la science régionale. L' approche par les milieux. Revue Canadienne des Sciences Régionales / Canadian Journal of Regional Science, [s.l.], v.15, n.2, p.155-197, 1992.
  • PIORE, M. J.; SABEL, C.F. Italian small business development: lessons for U.S. and Ustrial policy, in American business. In: International competition: government policies and corporate strategies. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1983.
  • PORTER, M. The competitive advantage of nations. London: Macmillan Press, 1990.
  • POWELL, W. W. Neither market nor hierarchy: network forms of organization, Research in Organizational Behavior, [s.l.], v.12, p.295-336. 1990.
  • PUTMAN, R. La tradizione civica nelle regione italiane. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1994.
  • PYKE, F.; BECATTINI, G.; SENGENBERGER,W (Ed.). Industrial districts and inter-firm cooperation in Italy. Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1990.
  • RECCHI, E.. Reciprocità: un nome per tre concettti. Stato e Mercato, [s.l.], n.39, 1993.
  • ROMER, P. M. The origins of endogenous growth, Journal of Economic Perspectives, [s.l.], v.8, p.2-22, 1994.
  • SAXENIAN, A. Regional advantage. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
  • SCHUMPETER, J. A. Capitalismo, socialismo e democracia. Rio de janeiro: Zahar, 1984.
  • ______. Teoria do desenvolvimento econômico. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1982.
  • SOETE, L. International diffusion of technology and international trade competition, preface. In: DOSI, G. et. al. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.
  • STERNBERG, ROLF. Innovation networks and regional development: evidence from the European Regional Innovation Survey (ERIS): theoretical concepts, methodological approach, empirical basis and introduction to the theme issue, European Planning Studies, [s.l.], n.8, p.389-407, 2000.
  • SWEEZY P. M. Teoria do desenvolvimento capitalista. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Zahar, 1976.
  • VERNON, R. La inversión internacional y el comercio internacional en el ciclo de productos. In: ROSENBERG, N. Economia del cambio tecnológico. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1979.
  • WILLIAMSON, O. E. The economic institutions of capitalism: firms, markets, relational contracting. New York: The Free Press, 1985.
  • ______. Comparative economic organizations: the analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quartely, [s.l.], v.36, p.269-296, 1991.
  • ______. Transaction cost economics and organiztion theory. Industrial and Corporate Change, [s.l.], v.2, n.2, p107-156, 1993.
  • VON HIPPEL, E. Cooperation between rivals: informal know how trading, Research Policy, [s.l.], v.16, p.291-302, 1987.
  • WOOLCOCK, M.; NARAYAN, D. Social capital: implications for development theory, research and policy. The World Bank Research Observer, [s.l.], v.15, n. 2, p.225-249, 2000.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    23 Out 2014
  • Data do Fascículo
    Jun 2008
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