Water storage in a Plinthaqualf cultivated with sugarcane under straw levels

The objective of this work was to evaluate water storage in a Plinthaqualf under different straw levels during the fourth ratoon season of a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) crop. The study was conducted in the 2013/2014 crop season, with the cultivar SP-813250, at two soil depths (0.0-0.3 and 0.3-0.6 m), in a randomized complete block design, with five straw levels (0.0, 4.2, 9.5, 13.0, and 18.4 Mg ha^-1) and four replicates. Soil moisture content was monitored with a time-domain reflectometer. The straw provided gains of up to 20 Mg ha^-1 stems and kept increased water storage in the soil, in comparison with the soil without straw, in all evaluated periods. Maintenance of up to 50% (9.5 Mg ha^-1) of sugarcane straw on soil surface promotes better water retention in the soil per Mg of straw added and delays the reach of critical water storage in the soil by up to 11 days, when compared with soil without straw cover.

Index terms:
Saccharum officinarum; no-tillage; soil mulch; water balance

Authorship

João Carlos Rocha dos Anjos

Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Rodovia Municipal Bom Jesus-Viana, Km 01, Planalto Horizonte, CEP 64900-000 Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil. E-mail: agrojoaocarlos@gmail.com Universidade Federal do PiauíBrazilBom Jesus, PI, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Rodovia Municipal Bom Jesus-Viana, Km 01, Planalto Horizonte, CEP 64900-000 Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil. E-mail: agrojoaocarlos@gmail.com

Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior

Embrapa Meio-Norte, Avenida Duque de Caxias, no 5.650, CEP 64006-220 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: aderson.andrade@embrapa.br, edson.bastos@embrapa.br, francisco.brito@embrapa.brEmbrapa Meio-NorteBrazilTeresina, PI, BrazilEmbrapa Meio-Norte, Avenida Duque de Caxias, no 5.650, CEP 64006-220 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: aderson.andrade@embrapa.br, edson.bastos@embrapa.br, francisco.brito@embrapa.br

Edson Alves Bastos

Donavan Holanda Noleto

Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, Superintendência Regional do Maranhão, Rua dos Sabiás no 04, Quadra 05, Lotes 04 e 05, Jardim Renascença, CEP 65075-360 São Luís, MA, Brazil. E-mail: donavan.noleto@conab.gov.brCompanhia Nacional de AbastecimentoBrazilSão Luís, MA, BrazilCompanhia Nacional de Abastecimento, Superintendência Regional do Maranhão, Rua dos Sabiás no 04, Quadra 05, Lotes 04 e 05, Jardim Renascença, CEP 65075-360 São Luís, MA, Brazil. E-mail: donavan.noleto@conab.gov.br

Francisco de Brito Melo

Raimundo Rodrigues de Brito

UFPI, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, s/no, Ininga, CEP 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: raimundope10@yahoo.com.brUFPIBrazilTeresina, PI, BrazilUFPI, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, s/no, Ininga, CEP 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil. E-mail: raimundope10@yahoo.com.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (5)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Rainfall and irrigation registered during the fourth-ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cycle, from October, 2013, to July, 2014.

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Figure 2
Leaf area index (LAI) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivated in a Plinthaqualf covered with different straw levels, in the four evaluated periods (P1 to P4) throughout the crop cycle, from July, 2013, to July, 2014. Equal letters above the bars, for each period, do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% of probability. P1, from 107 to 129 days after cane cut (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; P2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; P3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth stage and beginning of maturity; and P4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase.

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Figure 3
Soil water storage (WS), at the 0.0 to 0.3-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plinthaqualf, for each evaluated period (P1 to P4) between field capacity (FC), critical humidity (AC), and permanent wilting point (PWP) in 2013/2014. P1, from 107 to 129 days after cane cutting (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; P2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; P3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth phase and beginning of maturity; and P4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase.

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Figure 4
Soil water storage (WS) at the 0.3 to 0.6-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plinthaqualf, for each evaluated period (P1 to P4) between field capacity (FC), critical humidity (AC), and permanent wilting point (PWP) in 2013/2014. P1, from 107 to 129 days after cane cutting (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; P2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; P3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth phase and beginning of maturity; and P4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase.

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Figure 5
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) stalk yield (TCH) under different straw levels from July, 2013, to July, 2014. Bars with equal letters do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. Mean-standard deviation of 16.9 and coefficient of variation of 10.06%.

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Table 1
Regression equations for soil water storage (WS), at the 0.0 to 0.3-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plinthaqualf, during the evaluated periods.

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Table 2
Regression equations for soil water storage (WS), at the 0.3 to 0.6-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plintha-qualf, during the evaluated periods.

Figure 1 Rainfall and irrigation registered during the fourth-ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cycle, from October, 2013, to July, 2014.

Figure 2 Leaf area index (LAI) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivated in a Plinthaqualf covered with different straw levels, in the four evaluated periods (P1 to P4) throughout the crop cycle, from July, 2013, to July, 2014. Equal letters above the bars, for each period, do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% of probability. P1, from 107 to 129 days after cane cut (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; P2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; P3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth stage and beginning of maturity; and P4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase.

Figure 3 Soil water storage (WS), at the 0.0 to 0.3-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plinthaqualf, for each evaluated period (P1 to P4) between field capacity (FC), critical humidity (AC), and permanent wilting point (PWP) in 2013/2014. P1, from 107 to 129 days after cane cutting (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; P2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; P3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth phase and beginning of maturity; and P4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase.

Figure 4 Soil water storage (WS) at the 0.3 to 0.6-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plinthaqualf, for each evaluated period (P1 to P4) between field capacity (FC), critical humidity (AC), and permanent wilting point (PWP) in 2013/2014. P1, from 107 to 129 days after cane cutting (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; P2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; P3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth phase and beginning of maturity; and P4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase.

Figure 5 Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) stalk yield (TCH) under different straw levels from July, 2013, to July, 2014. Bars with equal letters do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. Mean-standard deviation of 16.9 and coefficient of variation of 10.06%.

Table 1 Regression equations for soil water storage (WS), at the 0.0 to 0.3-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plinthaqualf, during the evaluated periods.

Period⁽¹⁾	Straw kept on the surface (Mg ha^-1)	Equation	R²	ETc - AC⁽²⁾ (mm)	ND - AC⁽³⁾
1	0.0	WS = 114.28 - 20.93 Ln(ETcac)	0.98	27.4	6
	4.2	WS = 112.66 - 17.77 Ln(ETcac)	0.96	45.0	10
	9.5	WS = 109.86 - 16.57 Ln(ETcac)	0.96	50.1	11
	13.0	WS = 109.69 - 15.59 Ln(ETcac)	0.93	63.4	14
	18.4	WS = 113.08 - 15.85 Ln(ETcac)	0.90	73.4	17
2	0.0	WS = 71.223 - 10.68 Ln(ETcac)	0.98	11.6	2
	4.2	WS = 80.087 - 11.32 Ln(ETcac)	0.98	22.2	4
	9.5	WS = 83.968 - 11.23 Ln(ETcac)	0.95	32.1	5
	13.0	WS = 86.906 - 11.74 Ln(ETcac)	0.95	35.5	6
	18.4	WS = 88.637 - 11.41 Ln(ETcac)	0.93	45.8	7
3	0.0	WS = 89.359 - 9.978 Ln(ETcac)	0.92	-⁽⁴⁾	-
	4.2	WS = 90.838 - 8.513 Ln(ETcac)	0.95	-	-
	9.5	WS = 100.60 - 9.332 Ln(ETcac)	0.87	-	-
	13.0	WS = 97.565 - 7.555 Ln(ETcac)	0.86	-	-
	18.4	WS = 100.89 - 8.037 Ln(ETcac)	0.89	-	-
4	0.0	WS = 88.377 - 11.94 Ln(ETcac)	0.89	37.8	12
	4.2	WS = 85.684 - 8.719 Ln(ETcac)	0.87	-	-
	9.5	WS = 96.784 - 10.69 Ln(ETcac)	0.89	-	-
	13.0	WS = 92.277 - 8.733 Ln(ETcac)	0.89	-	-
	18.4	WS = 93.272 - 7.964 Ln(ETcac)	0.85	-	-

⁽¹⁾1, from 107 to 129 days after sugarcane cut (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; 2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; 3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth phase and beginning of maturation; and 4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase. ⁽²⁾ETc-CS, crop evapotranspiration needed to achieve critical storage (mm). ⁽³⁾ND-CS, number of days for critical storage. ⁽⁴⁾-, estimated ETc-CS values greater than the experimental values. R², coefficient of determination.

Table 2 Regression equations for soil water storage (WS), at the 0.3 to 0.6-m depth, as a function of accumulated crop evapotranspiration (ETcac), for each level of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) straw kept on the surface of a Plintha-qualf, during the evaluated periods.

Period⁽¹⁾	Straw kept on the surface (Mg ha^-1)	Equation	R²	ETc - AC⁽²⁾ (mm)	ND - AC⁽³⁾
1	0.0	WS = 103.82 - 15.60 Ln(ETcac)	0.97	43.4	10
	4.2	WS = 107.97 - 13.56 Ln(ETcac)	0.87	-⁽⁴⁾	-
	9.5	WS = 105.43 - 12.78 Ln(ETcac)	0.92	-	-
	13.0	WS = 105.53 - 13.11 Ln(ETcac)	0.87	-	-
	18.4	WS = 106.34 - 12.90 Ln(ETcac)	0.83	-	-
2	0.0	WS = 79.448 - 11.75 Ln(ETcac)	0.96	18.8	3
	4.2	WS = 84.124 - 11.49 Ln(ETcac)	0.95	30.1	5
	9.5	WS = 83.333 - 10.37 Ln(ETcac)	0.95	40.3	7
	13.0	WS = 83.973 - 9.959 Ln(ETcac)	0.93	50.1	8
	18.4	WS = 88.637 - 11.41 Ln(ETcac)	0.93	45.8	7
3	0.0	WS = 86.278 - 6.028 Ln(ETcac)	0.86	-	-
	4.2	WS = 92.715 - 5.668 Ln(ETcac)	0.81	-	-
	9.5	WS = 96.736 - 6.049 Ln(ETcac)	0.79	-	-
	13.0	WS = 92.926 - 3.489 Ln(ETcac)	0.80	-	-
	18.4	WS = 93.249 - 2.982 Ln(ETcac)	0.73	-	-
4	0.0	WS = 78.560 - 7.591 Ln(ETcac)	0.82	83.2	27
	4.2	WS = 86.571 - 7.169 Ln(ETcac)	0.80	-	-
	9.5	WS = 86.429 - 6.705 Ln(ETcac)	0.80	-	-
	13.0	WS = 90.164 - 5.136 Ln(ETcac)	0.66	-	-
	18.4	WS = 92.238 - 5.443 Ln(ETcac)	0.73	-	-

⁽¹⁾1, from 107 to 129 days after sugarcane cut (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; 2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; 3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth phase and beginning of maturation; and 4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase. ⁽²⁾ETc-CS, crop evapotranspiration needed to achieve critical storage (mm). ⁽³⁾ND-CS, number of days for critical storage. ⁽⁴⁾-, estimated ETc-CS values greater than the experimental values. R2, coefficient of determination.

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Water storage in a Plinthaqualf cultivated with sugarcane under straw levels

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾1, from 107 to 129 days after sugarcane cut (DAC), i.e., tillering stage; 2, from 132 to 150 DAC, fast growth phase; 3, from 310 to 332 DAC, final growth phase and beginning of maturation; and 4, from 335 to 361 DAC, maturation phase. ⁽²⁾ETc-CS, crop evapotranspiration needed to achieve critical storage (mm). ⁽³⁾ND-CS, number of days for critical storage. ⁽⁴⁾-, estimated ETc-CS values greater than the experimental values. R², coefficient of determination.