Soil physico-hydraulic properties under organic conilon coffee intercropped with tree and fruit species

Souza, Gustavo Soares de; Alves, Danielle Inácio; Dan, Maurício Lima; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; Fonseca, Abner Luiz Castelão Campos da; Araújo, João Batista Silva; Guimarães, Lorena Abdalla de Oliveira Prata

doi:10.1590/S0100-204X2017000700008

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SOIL SCIENCE • Pesq. agropec. bras. 52 (07) • July 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2017000700008 copy

Soil physico-hydraulic properties under organic conilon coffee intercropped with tree and fruit species

Atributos físico-hídricos do solo sob café conilon orgânico consorciado com espécies arbóreas e frutíferas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the cultivation effects of organic conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) intercropped with tree and fruit species on soil physico-hydraulic properties. Conilon coffee managements in the organic system were: T1, full-sun monoculture; T2, T3, T4, and T5, intercropping with peach palm (Bactris gasipae), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), banana (Musa sp.), and inga (Inga edulis), respectively; and T6, an area of secondary native forest used as a control. The evaluated soil physico-hydraulic properties were: bulk density, porosity, plant-available water capacity, soil-penetration resistance, soil-water content, soil temperature, and least limiting water range. Conilon coffee intercropped with peach palm and gliricidia resulted in lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, and in higher total porosity, microporosity, and soil-water content. Organic coffee shaded with peach palm and gliricidia improve the soil physico-hydraulic quality, in comparison with the soil under monoculture in full sun and with the soil of secondary native forest.

Index terms:
Bactris gasipae; Coffea canephora; Gliricidia sepium; climatic vulnerability; shade trees; shaded coffee.

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾Donagema et al. (2011)DONAGEMA, G.K.; CAMPOS, D.V.B. de; CALDERANO, S.B.; TEIXEIRA, W.G.; VIANA, J.H.M. (Org.). Manual de métodos de análise de solo. 2.ed. rev. Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa Solos, 2011. 225p. (Embrapa Solos. Documentos, 132).. pH, potential of hydrogen; P, phosphorus; K, potassium; Na, sodium; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; Al, aluminum; H+Al, potential acidity; SB, sum of bases; ECEC and PCEC, effective and potential cation-exchange capacity; SOM, soil organic matter.

Soil depth (m)	pH	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al	SB	ECEC	PCEC	SOM	Sand	Loam	Clay
Soil depth (m)		----(mg dm^-3)----			--------------------(cmol_c dm^-3)--------------------							----------(g kg^-1)----------
0.0-0.1	6.1	20.6	121.6	18.7	3.5	1.2	0.0	2.0	5.2	5.2	7.2	18	492	120	388
0.1-0.2	5.4	5.5	50.7	17.7	2.3	0.6	0.1	2.6	3.2	3.3	5.8	12	476	127	397
0.2-0.4	5.3	2.8	36.8	18.1	2.0	0.4	0.2	2.5	2.6	2.7	5.0	9	452	147	401
0.4-0.8	5.7	4.0	24.3	13.9	1.9	0.4	0.0	1.5	2.4	2.4	3.9	5	400	128	471

Soil depth (m)	Full sun	Intercropped with				Secondary native forest	Mean
Soil depth (m)	Full sun	Peach palm	Gliricidia	Banana	Inga	Secondary native forest	Mean
	Soil bulk density (kg dm^-3)
0.0-0.1	1.40Aa	1.12Ab	1.23Aab	1.34Aa	1.38Aa	1.22Bab	1.28
0.1-0.2	1.43Aa	1.14Ab	1.22Ab	1.45Aa	1.43Aa	1.33ABab	1.33
0.2-0.4	1.44Aa	1.07Ac	1.16Abc	1.42Aa	1.34Aab	1.18Bbc	1.27
0.4-0.8	1.39Aa	1.15Ab	1.17Ab	1.45Aa	1.43Aa	1.43Aa	1.33
Mean	1.42	1.12	1.19	1.41	1.40	1.29	-
	Total porosity (m³ m^-3)
0.0-0.1	0.51	0.63	0.60	0.52	0.50	0.53	0.55A
0.1-0.2	0.50	0.60	0.58	0.47	0.49	0.49	0.54A
0.2-0.4	0.50	0.62	0.62	0.48	0.54	0.50	0.52A
0.4-0.8	0.52	0.61	0.58	0.48	0.46	0.45	0.52A
Mean	0.52b	0.62a	0.60a	0.49b	0.50b	0.50b	-
	Microporosity (m³ m^-3)
0.0-0.1	0.39	0.49	0.49	0.40	0.37	0.33	0.41A
0.1-0.2	0.40	0.47	0.45	0.37	0.38	0.30	0.40A
0.2-0.4	0.38	0.47	0.46	0.37	0.43	0.30	0.40A
0.4-0.8	0.39	0.50	0.47	0.38	0.37	0.35	0.41A
Mean	0.39b	0.49a	0.46a	0.38b	0.39b	0.32b	-
	Macroporosity (m³ m^-3)
0.0-0.1	0.12Ab	0.14Aab	0.11Ab	0.12Ab	0.13Aab	0.21Aa	0.14
0.1-0.2	0.10Ab	0.13Aab	0.13Aab	0.10Ab	0.11Aab	0.19Aa	0.13
0.2-0.4	0.12Ab	0.15Aab	0.16Aab	0.12Ab	0.11Ab	0.20Aa	0.14
0.4-0.8	0.13Aa	0.12Aa	0.12Aa	0.10Aa	0.09Aa	0.10Ba	0.11
Mean	0.12	0.13	0.13	0.11	0.11	0.17	-
	Aeration porosity (m³ m^-3)
0.0-0.1	0.15Ab	0.17Ab	0.15Ab	0.18Ab	0.16Ab	0.28Aa	0.18
0.1-0.2	0.14Ab	0.16Ab	0.17Ab	0.14Ab	0.16Ab	0.25Aa	0.17
0.2-0.4	0.16Ab	0.19Aab	0.21Aab	0.17Ab	0.16Ab	0.27Aa	0.19
0.4-0.8	0.17Aa	0.14Aa	0.15Aa	0.14Aa	0.13Aa	0.14Ba	0.15
Mean	0.16	0.17	0.17	0.16	0.15	0.23	-
	Plant-available water capacity (L m^-3)
0.0-0.1	88.38	94.33	82.52	90.99	90.39	82.56	88.19A
0.1-0.2	82.33	85.73	89.86	85.70	85.30	61.92	81.81AB
0.2-0.4	81.00	82.97	86.95	86.34	79.20	54.63	78.52BC
0.4-0.8	74.36	82.28	72.05	66.17	70.86	56.23	70.32C
Mean	81.52a	86.33a	82.85a	82.30a	81.44a	63.84a	-