Eficiência de uso de cobre em cultivares de soja

Moreira, Adônis; Moraes, Larissa Alexandra Cardoso; Nogueira, Thiago Assis Rodrigues; Canizella, Bruna Trovo

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Sumário

Fertilization • Pesq. agropec. bras. 54 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2019.v54.01140 copiar

Eficiência de uso de cobre em cultivares de soja

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo:

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da eficiência do uso de cobre em cultivares de soja, cultivadas em Argissolo típico com alto teor de matéria orgânica, sobre os atributos químicos do solo e a produção de grãos, o estado nutricional e os componentes fisiológicos das plantas. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação, em arranjo fatorial 5×4, com cinco cultivares de soja (TMG 1066RR, BRS 360RR, NA 6262RR, BMX Turbo RR e BRS 359RR) e quatro doses de Cu (0, 2, 4 e 8 mg kg^-1). Nas condições de solo estudadas, os extratores DTPA-TEA e Mehlich 1 foram eficientes na determinação do Cu disponível no solo. Independentemente das cultivares, a aplicação de cobre aumentou a produção de grãos (PG), a produção de massa seca da parte aérea (PMSPA), o número de vagens por vaso, a relação PG/PMSPA, a taxa fotossintética, a condutância estomática, a concentração interna de CO₂, a taxa transpiratória e o teor de clorofila. No entanto, a eficiência do uso de Cu variou significativamente entre os diferentes genótipos de soja. Exceto para Cu, os atributos químicos do solo e os teores de nutrientes das folhas e dos grãos não são influenciados pelas doses de Cu nem pelas cultivares de soja.

Termos para indexação:
Glycine max; DTPA-TEA; Mehlich 1; estado nutricional; componentes fisiológicos; componentes de produção

Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira Caixa Postal 040315, 70770-901 Brasília DF Brazil, Tel. +55 61 3448-1813, Fax +55 61 3340-5483 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: pab@embrapa.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: adonis.moreira@embrapa.br

Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	pH CaCl₂	C (g kg^-1)	P (mg kg^-1)	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al	CEC	V (%)	S-SO₄^2-	B	Fe	Mn	Zn
Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	pH CaCl₂	C (g kg^-1)	P (mg kg^-1)	-------------(cmol_c kg^-1)-------------						V (%)	-------------(mg kg^-1)-------------
TMG 1066RR
0	7.0	27.3	31.1	0.3	10.1	1.5	0.0	2.0	13.9	85.4	93.0	0.2	58.8	219.8	23.1
2	7.1	24.8	31.5	0.3	9.7	1.6	0.0	2.1	13.7	85.3	56.6	0.2	76.7	224.2	19. 6
4	7.0	25.4	30.6	0.4	9.7	1.6	0.0	2.0	13.6	85.3	66.2	0.2	78.9	228.8	20.3
8	7.1	25.8	32.5	0.3	10.3	1.5	0.0	2.2	14.3	86.1	52.8	0.2	66.4	218.4	18.8
Average	7.1	25.8	31.4	0.3	9.9	1.5	0.0	2.1	13.9	85.5	67.2	0.2	70.2	222.8	20.4
BRS 360RR
0	7.1	25.3	30.0	0.4	9.8	1.5	0.0	2.1	13.6	85.6	52.8	0.2	69.5	206.0	19.6
2	7.0	25.7	30.3	0.2	10.6	1.3	0.0	2.0	14.1	85.9	70.6	0.2	62.9	214.2	20.7
4	7.1	27.1	31.1	0.2	10.5	1.4	0.0	2.1	14.2	86.0	43.8	0.2	62.0	208.6	20.3
8	7.0	24.6	34.0	0.2	9.7	1.2	0.0	2.0	13.1	84.4	43.4	0.2	88.4	223.1	19.1
Average	7.1	25.7	31.4	0.3	10.1	1.4	0.0	2.0	13.77	85.5	52.7	0.2	70.7	213.0	19.9
NA 6262RR
0	7.1	26.2	33.6	0.6	9.5	1.6	0.0	2.2	13.8	85.6	59.5	0.3	69.8	208.7	19.9
2	7.1	24.2	32.0	0.5	9.7	1.7	0.0	2.0	13.9	85.7	50.0	0.3	70.9	216.9	19.2
4	7.1	24.8	31.2	0.5	9.9	1.7	0.0	2.1	14.2	85.9	69.0	0.3	67.8	206.6	19.0
8	7.0	26.5	29.1	0.5	9.9	1.5	0.0	2.0	13.9	85.5	59.5	0.3	69.6	216.8	19.9
Average	7.1	25.4	31.5	0.5	9.7	1.6	0.0	2.1	14.0	85.7	59.5	0.3	69.5	212.3	19.5
BMX Turbo RR
0	7.0	25.8	27.5	0.4	9.4	1.6	0.0	2.0	13.4	85.1	47.6	0.3	77.7	215.1	18.4
2	7.0	27.4	32.9	0.6	9.1	1.6	0.0	2.1	13.3	85.2	61.3	0.3	82.5	219.8	19.1
4	7.0	26.4	30.9	0.3	9.6	1.5	0.0	2.0	13.3	85.2	63.0	0.3	69.7	207.4	19.3
8	7.1	27.3	28.7	0.3	10.2	1.6	0.0	2.1	14.1	86.0	55.6	0.2	63.5	205.6	18.8
Average	7.0	26.7	30.0	0.4	9.6	1.6	0.0	2.0	13.5	85.4	56.9	0.3	73.3	212.0	18.9
BRS 359RR
0	7.0	26.2	32.2	0.3	10.1	1.6	0.0	2.0	13.9	85.7	62.2	0.3	79.8	217.0	19.1
2	7.0	29.8	31.0	0.2	10.0	1.4	0.0	2.1	13.7	85.1	63.7	0.3	57.0	192.1	18.3
4	6.8	25.2	30.0	0.3	9.1	1.5	0.0	2.0	12.8	84.7	58.4	0.4	66.0	212.3	21.6
8	7.0	26.7	33.5	0.3	8.4	1.4	0.0	2.1	12.2	83.2	64.2	0.3	82.9	223.8	21.1
Average	6.9	27.0	31.7	0.3	9.4	1.5	0.0	2.0	13.1	84.7	62.1	0.3	71.4	211.3	20.0
F-test
Cultivar (a)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Rates (b)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
a × b	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
CV (%)	8.12	14.71	9.15	9.47	14.19	12	47	11.63	15.44	12.66	9.78	11.46	16.84	15.88	13.62

Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	GY	SDWY	GY/SDWY	Pods per pot	Grains per pod
Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	-------(g per pot)-------		GY/SDWY	---------(No.)----------
TMG 1066RR
0	19.4	46.1	0.42	64	3
2	24.0	53.5	0.45	70	3
4	24.1	49.9	0.48	61	3
8	21.2	48.3	0.44	61	2
Average	22.2	49.4	0.45	64	3
BRS 360RR
0	20.6	43.4	0.47	49	3
2	21.8	51.5	0.42	65	3
4	23.7	48.1	0.49	61	2
8	23.3	47.9	0.49	62	3
Average	22.4	47.7	0.47	59	3
NA 6262RR
0	16.0	29.2	0.55	37	2
2	17.2	30.6	0.56	41	3
4	18.3	34.9	0.52	48	2
8	18.7	30.1	0.62	37	2
Average	17.6	31.2	0.56	41	2
BMX Turbo RR
0	15.0	33.5	0.45	40	2
2	20.7	30.8	0.67	42	2
4	21.0	40.0	0.52	50	2
8	16.7	35.7	0.47	37	3
Average	18.4	35.0	0.53	42	2
BRS 359RR
0	21.2	38.9	0.54	53	3
2	21.6	42.0	0.51	56	3
4	25.2	41.5	0.61	59	2
8	18.7	36.6	0.51	51	3
Average	21.7	39.7	0.54	55	3
Average
0	18.4	38.2	0.48	52	3
2	21.1	41.7	0.51	54	3
4	22.5	42.9	0.52	54	2
8	19.7	40.6	0.48	50	3
Average	20.4	40.9	0.50	53	3
F-test
Cultivar (a)	*	*	*	*	ns
Rate (b)	*	*	*	*	ns
a × b	*	*	*	*	ns
CV (%)⁽¹⁾	12.52	13.84	13.51	16.43	8.17

Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	-----------------------(g kg^-1)-----------------------					---------------(mg kg^-1)---------------
TMG 1066RR
0	35.6	3.1	19.9	2.6	3.7	3.2	112.8	66.8	13.5
2	34.2	3.0	18.4	2.2	4.0	3.9	97.9	57.1	15.8
4	31.9	2.9	17.0	1.8	3.0	6.8	81.1	40.1	17.0
8	30.3	2.8	18.4	2.5	3.4	11.7	94.2	59.1	15.2
Average	33.0	2.9	18.4	2.3	3.5	6.4	96.5	55.8	15.4
BRS 360RR
0	32.1	9.0	13.8	2.7	3.2	3.3	119.8	92.5	23.0
2	42.5	9.9	15.8	3.4	2.8	4.0	110.5	106.9	22.2
4	31.3	9.2	13.7	2.7	3.6	4.6	88.2	66.7	19.9
8	32.8	8.6	13.3	2.5	3.7	10.6	92.0	61.5	13.3
Average	34.7	9.2	14.0	2.8	3.3	5.6	102.6	81.9	19.6
NA 6262RR
0	34.4	4.7	19.7	3.1	3.1	5.9	74.1	115.5	20.5
2	27.3	3.1	16.9	2.4	3.1	7.3	29.2	45.6	13.5
4	22.2	3.4	17.9	2.7	3.8	7.6	39.3	64.7	16.5
8	27.4	3.8	19.2	2.3	3.4	9.5	116.8	81.3	15.4
Average	27.8	3.7	18.4	2.4	3.3	7.6	64.9	76.8	16.5
BMX Turbo RR
0	30.5	4.2	18.6	2.2	4.1	4.0	59.7	68.3	12.3
2	29.1	3.9	17.4	2.1	3.6	4.2	102.2	101.4	22.2
4	29.6	5.0	21.4	2.0	3.7	6.8	98.8	80.7	19.8
8	31.2	4.1	21.7	2.0	3.7	10.3	122.5	77.8	16.0
Average	30.1	4.3	19.8	2.0	3.8	6.3	95.8	82.1	17.6
BRS 359RR
0	28.1	4.8	21.0	2.0	3.7	3.6	104.4	90.7	16.3
2	31.9	5.1	21.8	1.7	3.6	5.6	95.7	63.3	17.4
4	31.0	5.6	21.5	1.8	4.8	6.7	89.8	82.6	17.0
8	30.6	5.5	23.0	1.9	3.9	10.8	83.9	78.6	15.6
Average	30.4	5.2	21.8	1.9	3.8	6.7	93.4	78.8	16.6
Average
0	32.1	5.1	18.6	2.5	3.6	4.0	94.2	86.8	17.1
2	33.0	5.0	17.9	2.3	3.4	5.0	87.1	74.9	18.2
4	29.2	5.2	18.3	2.2	3.6	6.5	79.4	67.0	18.1
8	30.4	4.9	19.2	2.3	3.6	10.6	101.9	71.6	15.1
Average	31.2	5.1	18.5	2.3	3.6	6.5	90.7	75.1	17.1
F-test
Cultivar (a)	*	*	*	*	ns	*	*	*	*
Rate (b)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
a × b	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
CV (%)⁽¹⁾	12.27	15.41	13.91	9.92	11.63	9.78	18.97	14.96	16.58

Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	------------------------(g kg^-1)------------------------					---------------(mg kg^-1)---------------
TMG 1066RR
0	35.6	5.3	15.5	2.0	14.2	6.7	99.9	67.7	23.0
2	40.8	5.4	15.2	2.3	19.1	7.3	91.7	77.4	22.2
4	23.5	7.0	17.1	2.5	17.3	9.1	94.8	80.1	29.6
8	30.3	7.2	16.7	2.5	17.7	8.9	105.0	64.4	23.7
Average	32.5	6.2	16.1	2.3	17.1	8.0	97.8	72.4	24.6
BRS 360RR
0	41.2	6.8	17.0	2.3	17.2	8.3	172.6	66.3	27.0
2	36.0	9.7	16.8	2.7	14.0	12.2	185.7	83.4	37.1
4	31.3	5.5	18.1	2.3	15.3	13.7	111.9	49.6	26.6
8	36.5	8.1	16.8	2.9	13.8	10.6	167.2	55.7	19.8
Average	36.3	7.5	17.2	2.5	15.1	11.2	159.4	63.7	27.6
NA 6262RR
0	34.4	5.8	17.1	2.3	12.0	8.1	87.1	45.2	20.5
2	27.3	5.2	16.6	2.7	16.0	11.2	93.6	62.3	20.5
4	25.5	6.2	17.0	2.4	13.0	13.1	87.3	60.0	16.9
8	27.6	8.0	17.7	2.3	15.1	15.7	96.9	69.3	26.5
Average	28.7	6.3	17.1	2.4	14.0	12.0	91.2	59.2	21.1
BMX Turbo RR
0	29.6	6.4	16.9	2.0	15.9	9.6	87.7	45.3	25.6
2	29.1	7.4	17.8	1.6	12.4	10.1	173.1	61.6	12.1
4	28.4	6.5	22.6	1.7	12.2	10.3	92.9	57.0	19.8
8	31.2	6.4	18.6	1.8	12.7	14.6	98.3	46.2	17.8
Average	29.6	6.7	19.0	1.8	13.3	11.2	113.0	52.5	18.8
BRS 359RR
0	27.9	5.3	20.5	1.7	12.2	3.6	97.3	50.7	21.1
2	26.2	3.9	25.6	1.6	11.4	10.5	78.5	52.6	21.0
4	26.7	4.5	26.3	1.8	11.7	10.9	78.1	71.4	20.7
8	26.7	4.0	27.4	1.9	12.8	13.6	92.0	71.2	19.9
Average	26.9	4.4	25.0	1.8	12.0	9.7	86.5	61.5	20.7
Average
0	33.7	5.9	17.4	2.1	14.3	7.3	108.9	55.0	23.4
2	31.9	6.3	18.4	2.2	14.6	10.3	124.5	67.5	22.6
4	27.1	5.9	20.2	2.2	13.9	11.4	93.0	63.6	22.7
8	30.4	6.7	19.5	2.3	14.5	12.7	111.9	61.3	21.6
Average	30.8	6.2	18.9	2.2	14.3	10.4	109.6	61.9	22.6
F-test
Cultivar (a)	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*	*	ns	ns
Rate (b)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
a × b	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
CV (%)⁽¹⁾	7.99	9.65	8.87	9.45	8.23	7.84	11.42	10.63	12.57

Cu rates (mg kg^-1)	A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	g_s (mol m^-2 s^-1)	C_i (μmol mol^-1)	Trmmol (mmol m^-2 s^-1)	WUE (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	Chlorophyll (mg m^-2)
TMG 1066RR
0	15.16	0.28	260.58	3.37	4.52	201.55
2	16.53	0.32	261.74	3.30	5.06	219.93
4	18.01	0.41	276.01	3.31	5.46	237.61
8	18.62	0.39	258.81	4.32	4.37	206.48
Average	17.08	0.35	264.28	3.58	4.85	216.39
BRS 360RR
0	16.89	0.31	251.92	4.02	4.22	180.08
2	20.71	0.47	262.52	5.46	3.81	210.84
4	17.25	0.38	269.09	5.12	3.35	247.96
8	15.90	0.30	254.87	4.56	3.48	233.13
Average	17.69	0.36	259.60	4.79	3.72	218.00
NA 6262RR
0	17.46	0.66	293.09	6.17	2.83	195.43
2	18.41	0.38	252.84	5.30	3.51	198.46
4	16.63	0.30	249.73	4.89	3.39	233.82
8	14.51	0.29	254.55	4.74	3.11	221.13
Average	16.75	0.41	262.55	5.28	3.21	212.21
BMX Turbo RR
0	12.69	0.16	197.90	3.22	4.14	218.93
2	15.19	0.19	207.16	3.99	3.90	258.71
4	19.20	0.39	259.82	6.36	3.03	235.27
8	19.24	0.40	255.69	6.13	3.17	222.84
Average	16.58	0.28	230.14	4.92	3.56	233.94
BRS 359RR
0	18.23	0.38	262.09	6.09	2.99	205.27
2	18.68	0.39	268.56	6.24	2.99	262.73
4	19.90	0.41	251.16	6.59	3.02	237.19
8	17.17	0.33	250.27	5.64	3.05	237.36
Average	18.50	0.38	258.02	6.14	3.01	235.64
Average
0	16.99	0.39	254.01	4.66	3.93	225.46
2	17.90	0.35	250.56	4.86	3.86	218.50
4	17.29	0.35	260.26	5.17	3.46	224.79
8	17.09	0.34	254.84	5.08	3.44	224.19
Average	17.32	0.36	254.92	4.94	3.67	223.24
F-test
Cultivar (a)	*	*	*	*	*	*
Rate (b)	*	*	*	*	*	*
a × b	*	*	*	*	*	*
CV (%)⁽¹⁾	11.61	12.98	10.44	9.58	12.93	14.22