O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação do regulador de crescimento Trinexapac-etil na resposta produtiva de milho ao incremento na densidade de plantas, em duas épocas de semeadura. O experimento foi conduzido no Município de Lages, SC, nas safras agrícolas 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. Foram testadas duas épocas de semeadura (15/10 - preferencial e 5/12 - tardia), quatro densidades de plantas (5, 7, 9, 11 plantas m^-2), com e sem aplicação do regulador de crescimento Trinexapac-etil. O regulador de crescimento foi aplicado a dose de 150 g i.a. ha^-1, nos estádios V5 e V10 do híbrido P30F53YH. A aplicação do regulador de crescimento diminuiu o comprimento do colmo acima da inserção da espiga, nas duas safras. O rendimento de grãos variou de 11.422 a 14.805 kg ha^-1, aumentou de forma quadrática com a elevação da densidade e foi maior para a semeadura em outubro. A aplicação de Trinexapac-etil não afetou o rendimento, mas diminuiu a massa de 1.000 grãos nas duas épocas de semeadura. A utilização do regulador de crescimento Trinexapac-etil não aumenta o rendimento de grãos do híbrido P30F53YH em resposta ao adensamento, independentemente da época de semeadura.

Termos de indexação:
Zea mays; rendimento de grãos; Trinexapac-etil.

Autoria

Lucieli Santini Leolato

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), Avenida Luiz de Camões, no 2.090, bairro Conta Dinheiro, CEP 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil. E-mail: lucieli.leolato@gmail.com, luis.sangoi@udesc.br, murilodurli@gmail.com, fernandopanison@hotmail.com, ramonez_@hotmail.comUniversidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaBrazilLages, SC, BrazilUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), Avenida Luiz de Camões, no 2.090, bairro Conta Dinheiro, CEP 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil. E-mail: lucieli.leolato@gmail.com, luis.sangoi@udesc.br, murilodurli@gmail.com, fernandopanison@hotmail.com, ramonez_@hotmail.com

Luis Sangoi

Murilo Miguel Durli

Fernando Panison

Ramon Voss

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (3)

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Figure 1.
Ear insertion height (A), distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (B), stem diameter (C), grain yield (D), and mass of 1,000 grains (E) of maize hybrid P30F53YH, as affected by plant densities, on the averages of two sowing dates (10/15 and 12/05), with and without growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl, in municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for the 2014/2015 growing season. Each bar represents the treatment average ± the standard error.

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Figure 2.
Stem diameter (A) as affected by the interaction between growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl and plant density, at two sowing dates (10/15 and 12/05); grain yield (B) and mass of 1,000 grains (C) of maize hybrid P30F53YH as affected by the interaction between sowing date and plant density, with and without the growth regulator, in municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for the 2015/2016 growing season. Each bar indicates the treatment average ± the standard error.

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Table 1.
F test values, according to the variance analysis, for the variables of maize hybrid P30F53YH: ear insertion height (EIH), plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI), distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (DIS), stem diameter (SD), plants lodged and broken (PLB), number of ears per plant (NEP), number of grains per ear (NGE), mass of 1,000 grains (MTG) and grain yield (GY), as affected by the main effects of sowing date (SD), plant density (PD), growth regulator (GR) and by the interaction between these factors, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

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Table 2.
Ear insertion height, plant height, and distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (DIS) of maize hybrid P30F53YH, as affected by sowing date, with and without growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl, on the average of four plant densities, in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, at the 2015/2016 growing season⁽¹⁾.

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Table 3.
Plant height, distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (DIS), stem diameter, grain yield, and mass of 1,000 grains of maize hybrid P30F53YH, with and without growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl, at two sowing dates, on the average of four plant densities, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

Figure 1. Ear insertion height (A), distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (B), stem diameter (C), grain yield (D), and mass of 1,000 grains (E) of maize hybrid P30F53YH, as affected by plant densities, on the averages of two sowing dates (10/15 and 12/05), with and without growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl, in municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for the 2014/2015 growing season. Each bar represents the treatment average ± the standard error.

Figure 2. Stem diameter (A) as affected by the interaction between growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl and plant density, at two sowing dates (10/15 and 12/05); grain yield (B) and mass of 1,000 grains (C) of maize hybrid P30F53YH as affected by the interaction between sowing date and plant density, with and without the growth regulator, in municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for the 2015/2016 growing season. Each bar indicates the treatment average ± the standard error.

Table 1. F test values, according to the variance analysis, for the variables of maize hybrid P30F53YH: ear insertion height (EIH), plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI), distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (DIS), stem diameter (SD), plants lodged and broken (PLB), number of ears per plant (NEP), number of grains per ear (NGE), mass of 1,000 grains (MTG) and grain yield (GY), as affected by the main effects of sowing date (SD), plant density (PD), growth regulator (GR) and by the interaction between these factors, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Variable	SD	PD	GR	SDxPD	SDxGR	PDxGR	SDxPDxGR
	2014/2015 growing season
EIH	0.41	4.46*	0.71	2.13	1.35	0.48	1.07
PH	347.49**	0.22	7.56*	1.42	2.10	3.01	1.25
LAI	5.53	232.74**	0.16	0.75	0.25	0.50	1.20
DIS	2,078.55**	6.56**	11.15*	0.07	0.12	1.39	0.42
SD	1.34	7.58**	6.22*	0.64	0.28	2.10	1.82
PLB	6.44	1.68	0.39	2.80	0.36	0.57	0.59
NEP	125.87**	61.94**	0.02	4.43*	0.00	0.08	0.46
NGE	87.94**	73.20**	0.00	3.11	0.21	0.14	0.06
MTG	23.47**	35.33**	8.69**	1.87	0.15	0.52	0.54
GY	158.45**	9.53**	3.78	1.37	0.34	1.02	0.97
	2015/2016 growing season
EIH	5.40	1.19	0.02	1.09	17.00**	0.50	0.27
PH	1.92	1.79	15.75**	2.03	29.61**	0.99	1.33
LAI	2.16	413.49**	1.41	2.69	2.11	0.53	0.91
DIS	0.19	2.17	33.59**	0.99	7.41*	1.07	2.12
SD	16.68*	37.77**	2.28	2.14	3.51	5.96**	0.91
PLB	0.19	0.38	0.03	0.39	0.28	1.51	0.14
NEP	29.36**	33.13**	0.17	3.16	0.00	0.43	1.83
NGE	15.25*	50.75**	1.59	6.11**	0.02	0.26	1.04
MTG	4.56	34.78**	55.96**	7.57**	2.82	1.93	0.86
GY	20.78*	17.40**	1.96	8.30**	0.41	0.06	0.67

* and **Significant at 5 and 1% probability, respectively.

Table 2. Ear insertion height, plant height, and distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (DIS) of maize hybrid P30F53YH, as affected by sowing date, with and without growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl, on the average of four plant densities, in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, at the 2015/2016 growing season⁽¹⁾.

Sowing date	Ear insertion height⁽²⁾ (cm)		Plant height (cm)		DIS (cm)
Sowing date	With	Without	With	Without	With	Without
Preferential (10/15)	159aA	151aB	254aA	251aA	95aB	100aA
Late (12/05)	147bB	154aA	239bB	260aA	91aB	105aA
Coefficient of variation (%)	4.29		3.06		5.55

⁽¹⁾
Averages followed by the same letter, lower case in the column and upper case in the row, are not significantly different by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ⁽²⁾Variables measured at R3, according to the growth stage scale proposed by Ritchie et al. (1993)RITCHIE, S.W.; HANWAY, J.J.; BENSON, G.O. How a corn plant develops. Ames: Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 1993. (Special Report, 48)..

Table 3. Plant height, distance from the ear insertion node to tassel tip (DIS), stem diameter, grain yield, and mass of 1,000 grains of maize hybrid P30F53YH, with and without growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl, at two sowing dates, on the average of four plant densities, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

Variable	Growth regulator		Coefficient of variation (%)	Sowing date		Coefficient of variation (%)
Variable	With	Without	Coefficient of variation (%)	Preferential	Late	Coefficient of variation (%)
	2014/2015 growing season
Plant height (cm)⁽²⁾	266b	272a	2.94	246b	291a	3.10
DIS (cm)⁽²⁾	120b	128a	6.76	100b	147a	2.84
Stem diameter (cm)	22.83a	22.33b	3.13	22.81	22.36⁽³⁾	5.95
Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	12,696	13,263⁽²⁾	7.78	14,777a	11,182b	7.62
Mass of 1,000 grains (g)	379b	390a	3.27	390a	380b	1.89
	2015/2016 growing season
Stem diameter (cm)	23.12	23.40⁽³⁾	2.75	23.73a	22.80b	3.39
Mass of 1,000 grains (g)	380b	396a	1.90	393	383⁽⁴⁾	4.24

⁽¹⁾
Averages followed by the same lower case letter in the column are not significantly different by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ⁽²⁾Variables measured at R3, according to the growth stage scale proposed by Ritchie et al. (1993)RITCHIE, S.W.; HANWAY, J.J.; BENSON, G.O. How a corn plant develops. Ames: Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 1993. (Special Report, 48).. ⁽³⁾Main effect of plant density at 5% probability. ⁽⁴⁾Main effect of interaction between sowing date and plant density with and without growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl at 5% probability.

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[TFN1] * and **Significant at 5 and 1% probability, respectively.