O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do desponte de ramos e do raleio manual realizado em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento de flores e frutos sobre a produção e a qualidade dos frutos do pessegueiro (Prunus persica) 'BRS Kampai'. O experimento foi realizado durante três safras nas condições da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, e os tratamentos foram: T1, desponte da metade do ramo misto; T2, desponte de um terço do ramo misto; T3, raleio de flor no estádio de balão rosado; T4, raleio na plena floração; T5, raleio do fruto com 5 mm; T6, raleio do fruto com 20 mm; e T7, sem desponte ou raleio (testemunha). Avaliaram-se a produção e a qualidade dos frutos. Plantas sem raleio foram mais produtivas, mas com alta frequência de frutos com diâmetro inferior a 60 mm. O desponte reduziu a produção por planta e ocasionou frutos pequenos. A época de raleio não afetou a produção, e o diâmetro dos frutos foi maior quando o raleio foi realizado durante a floração. Pessegueiros 'BRS Kampai' podem ser raleados a partir da floração, o que proporciona maior tamanho dos frutos, sem reduzir a produção.

Termos para indexação:
Prunus persica; qualidade de fruto; produtividade

Autoria

Paula Duarte de Oliveira

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, no 7.712, Agronomia, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: poulduarte@hotmail.com, marodin@ufrgs.br, gklalmeida@hotmail.com, mpgonzatto@gmail.com, danieldarde@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, no 7.712, Agronomia, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: poulduarte@hotmail.com, marodin@ufrgs.br, gklalmeida@hotmail.com, mpgonzatto@gmail.com, danieldarde@gmail.com

Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin

Gustavo Klamer de Almeida

Mateus Pereira Gonzatto

Daniel Chamorro Darde

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (4)
Tabelas (3)

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Figure 1.
Rainfall (R) and average air temperature (T) during the experimental period, from 2013 to 2015, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Figure 2.
Fruit growth curve of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits in 2014, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); B, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); D, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); E, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and F, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4). ^nsNonsignificant.

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Figure 3.
Fruit growth curve of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits in 2015, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); B, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); D, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); E, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and F, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4). ^nsNonsignificant.

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Figure 4.
Fruits of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, distributed in the following diameter classes: >70 mm, 60 to 70 mm, 50 to 60 mm, and <50 mm, in the 2013 (A), 2014 (B), and 2015 (C) crop years in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 1.
Yield per plant and fruit weight of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 2.
Flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity (TA) of fruits of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 3.
Value of luminosity (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (h°) of fruits of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Figure 1. Rainfall (R) and average air temperature (T) during the experimental period, from 2013 to 2015, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Figure 2. Fruit growth curve of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits in 2014, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); B, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); D, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); E, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and F, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4). ^nsNonsignificant.

Figure 3. Fruit growth curve of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits in 2015, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); B, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); D, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); E, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and F, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4). ^nsNonsignificant.

Figure 4. Fruits of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, distributed in the following diameter classes: >70 mm, 60 to 70 mm, 50 to 60 mm, and <50 mm, in the 2013 (A), 2014 (B), and 2015 (C) crop years in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Table 1. Yield per plant and fruit weight of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Treatment⁽¹⁾	Yield (kg per plant)			Fruit weight (g)
Treatment⁽¹⁾	2013	2014	2015	2013	2014	2015
T1	14.08	20.11	16.13	101.98	93.31	106.54
T2	18.23	20.75	18.84	111.44	77.86	107.59
T3	11.91	18.35	11.33	124.52	108.62	120.44
T4	13.02	21.84	14.5	135.6	114.69	128.77
T5	13.25	17.66	12.59	127.89	114.19	117.38
T6	13.49	17.27	19.59	125.75	77.65	114.11
T7	25.52	23.7	19.41	80.46	74.41	111.63
Coefficient of variation (%)		34.50			15.76
	Probability value for the F-test
Treatment⁽²⁾		0.0086			<0.0001
Year		0.0009			<0.0001
Treatment vs. year⁽³⁾		0.2894			0.0083
Contrast⁽⁴⁾	Probability value
C1		0.0007		<0.0001	0.0028	0.5833
C2		0.0716		0.0006	0.0036	0.0339
C3		0.2855		0.344	0.1236	0.9158
C4		0.3341		0.6597	<0.0001	0.3214
C5		0.7422		0.8013	0.7694	0.4035
C6		0.2685		0.2680	0.5427	0.4047

⁽¹⁾
T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). ⁽²⁾F-test significant at 5% probability. ⁽³⁾F-test significant at 25% probability. ⁽⁴⁾C1, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); C2, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C3, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); C4, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); C5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and C6, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4); contrasts are significant at 5% probability.

Table 2. Flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity (TA) of fruits of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Treatment⁽¹⁾	Firmness (N)			Soluble solids content (°Brix)			TA (g 100 g^-1 pulp)
Treatment⁽¹⁾	2013	2014	2015	2013	2014	2015	2014	2015
T1	47.6	51	52.6	10.6	9.88	9.37	0.398	0.457
T2	50.1	51.2	54.8	9.81	10.31	9.59	0.417	0.466
T3	55.8	51.2	57.6	11.02	10.18	11.75	0.397	0.425
T4	51.9	56.1	53.2	10.56	10.01	11.89	0.392	0.444
T5	50.6	53.4	49.5	11.16	10.75	10.64	0.390	0.397
T6	50.4	51.4	54.4	10.7	10.45	10.23	0.385	0.442
T7	48.3	48.2	53.1	9.75	9.73	10.15	0.393	0.454
Coefficient of variation (%)		11.24			8.14		10.15
	Probability value for the F-test
Treatment⁽²⁾	0.0691			<0.0001			0.0306
Year	0.036			0.1261			<0.0001
Treatment vs. year⁽³⁾	0.7356			0.0038			0.0451
Contrast⁽³⁾	Probability value
C1	-	-	-	0.0191	0.1561	0.2609	0.8411	0.2957
C2	-	-	-	0.0301	0.4054	<0.0001	0.1792	0.0079
C3	-	-	-	0.1121	0.3772	0.6584	0.3616	0.6424
C4	-	-	-	0.5978	0.7389	0.0040	0.6337	0.2155
C5	-	-	-	0.3829	0.1277	0.0112	0.8096	0.0442
C6	-	-	-	0.3504	0.7337	0.7933	0.8022	0.3575

⁽¹⁾
T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). ⁽²⁾F-test significant at 5% probability. ⁽²⁾F-test significant at 25% probability. ⁽³⁾C1, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); C2, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C3, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); C4, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); C5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and C6, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4); contrasts are significant at 5% probability.

Table 3. Value of luminosity (L), chroma (C), and hue (h°) of fruits of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) tree subjected to heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Treatment⁽¹⁾	L*			C*			h°
Treatment⁽¹⁾	2013	2014	2015	2013	2014	2015	2013	2014	2015
T1	75.0	72.4	65.9	9.3	9.1	8.7	94.6	97.4	76.3
T2	74.5	71.0	64.5	9.2	9.0	8.6	93.6	93.3	74.8
T3	74.5	72.2	64.4	9.2	9.1	8.7	95.8	93.2	67.0
T4	75.0	68.2	69.0	9.2	8.8	9.0	94.9	87.1	79.8
T5	74.2	71.9	65.7	9.2	9.1	8.7	96.8	94.7	69.1
T6	73.2	68.2	66.9	9.2	8.9	8.8	91.6	86.9	77.0
T7	73.4	72.8	64.6	9.1	9.1	8.6	92.5	96.1	76.5
Coefficient of variation (%)		4.67			2.12			8.69
	Probability value for the F-test
Treatment⁽²⁾	0.8197			0.6572			0.627
Year	<0.0001			<0.0001			<0.0001
Treatment vs. year⁽³⁾	0.0867			0.0036			0.0727
Contrast⁽⁴⁾	Probability value
C1	0.489	0.148	0.321	0.287	0.303	0.116	0.542	0.239	0.462
C2	0.642	0.180	0.287	0.947	0.274	0.004	0.804	0.074	0.396
C3	0.789	0.472	0.446	0.588	0.641	0.408	0.815	0.350	0.733
C4	0.394	0.101	0.742	0.431	0.129	0.626	0.245	0.186	0.169
C5	0.740	0.312	0.581	0.949	0.186	0.133	0.702	0.238	0.296
C6	0.791	0.037	0.022	0.960	0.042	0.006	0.844	0.168	0.006

⁽¹⁾
T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). ⁽²⁾F-test significant at 5% probability. ⁽²⁾F-test significant at 25% probability. ⁽³⁾C1, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); C2, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C3, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); C4, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); C5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and C6, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4); contrasts are significant at 5% probability.

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). ⁽²⁾F-test significant at 5% probability. ⁽³⁾F-test significant at 25% probability. ⁽⁴⁾C1, control vs. heading and thinning (T7 vs. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6); C2, heading vs. thinning (T1 and T2 vs. T3, T4, T5, and T6); C3, heading of half of the mixed shoot vs. heading of one third of the mixed shoot (T1 vs. T2); C4, thinning of fruit with 20 mm vs. thinning of fruit with 5 mm and flower thinning (T6 vs. T3, T4, and T5); C5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm vs. flower thinning (T5 vs. T3 and T4); and C6, flower thinning at the pink bud stage vs. thinning at full bloom (T3 vs. T4); contrasts are significant at 5% probability.