Sucessão soja/milho em função da época de semeadura

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de cultivares de soja e de milho cultivadas em sucessão, em diferentes épocas de semeadura. O experimento foi realizado em Dourados, MS, durante três safras agrícolas, nas épocas de semeadura: 15/9, 1/10, 15/10 e 1/11 para a soja; e 1/2, 15/2, 1/3 e 15/3 para o milho. Mesmo que as produtividades da soja sejam fortemente afetadas pela época de colheita, a semeadura no final de setembro e no início de outubro proporcionam maiores produtividades em longo prazo. O plantio do milho em sucessão, em meados de fevereiro, proporciona a maior produtividade de grãos na região Sul do Mato Grosso do Sul; portanto, não há necessidade de se adiantar o plantio da soja para setembro com o objetivo de garantir o plantio do milho em janeiro. A sucessão soja-milho em que a soja é semeada no início de outubro e o milho em meados de fevereiro resulta em maiores produtividades totais e reduz o risco climático associado a essas culturas na região.

Termos para indexação:
Glycine max; Zea mays; risco climático; semeadura antecipada; milho segunda safra; sistema de produção

Autoria

Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia

Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Rodovia BR 163, Km 253,6, CEP 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigo.garcia@embrapa.br, gessi.ceccon@embrapa.brEmbrapa Agropecuária OesteBrazilDourados, MS, BrazilEmbrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Rodovia BR 163, Km 253,6, CEP 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigo.garcia@embrapa.br, gessi.ceccon@embrapa.br

Gessí Ceccon

Guilherme Afonso da Silva Sutier

Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados, Rua Balbina de Matos, no 2.121, Jardim Universitário, CEP 79824-900 Dourados, MS, Brazil. E-mail: guilherme_sutier@hotmail.comCentro Universitário da Grande DouradosBrazilDourados, MS, BrazilCentro Universitário da Grande Dourados, Rua Balbina de Matos, no 2.121, Jardim Universitário, CEP 79824-900 Dourados, MS, Brazil. E-mail: guilherme_sutier@hotmail.com

Anna Luiza Farias dos Santos

Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Cidade Universitária, Caixa Postal 533, CEP 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil. E-mail: annaluiza_di@hotmail.comUniversidade Federal da Grande DouradosBrazilDourados, MS, BrazilUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Cidade Universitária, Caixa Postal 533, CEP 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil. E-mail: annaluiza_di@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (4)

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Fig. 1.
Mean values of temperature and rainfall for ten-day periods during the experiment (February 2013 to March 2016) in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Obtained from the agrometeorological station of Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste.

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Figure 2.
Total yield (kg ha^-1) of the soybean (Glycine max)-corn (Zea mays) successions in 2013/2014 (A), 2014/2015 (B), 2015/2016 (C), and the mean of the three study years (D), according to the different sowing dates and soybean and corn cultivars. First period: soybean sown on September 15 and corn sown on February 1; second period: soybean sown on October 1 and corn sown on February 15; third period: soybean sown on October 15 and corn sown on March 1; and fourth period: soybean sown on November 1 and corn sown on March 15. A and B charts: ♦, BRS 284 and BRS 1010; □, BRS 284 and DKB 390; Δ, BRS 360 RR, and BRS 1010; and ■, BRS 360 RR and DKB 390. C chart: ♦, BRS 388RR and BRS 1010; □, BRS 388RR and DKB 390; Δ, BRS 1001IPRO and BRS 1010; and ■, BRS 1001IPRO and DKB 390. * and **Significant by the F-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. Least significant difference (LSD) between the seasons for the average of the three harvests: 793 kg ha^-1.

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Table 1.
Soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) sowing periods in which 10-mm irrigation was required to ensure germination, in the different harvests evaluated in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 2.
Significance of the analysis of variance⁽¹⁾ of the effects of sowing dates and cultivars on soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) yields, in the different harvests evaluated in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 3.
Grain yield (kg ha^-1) of different soybean (Glycine max) cultivars planted in several dates, in the crop seasons evaluated in in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

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Table 4.
Grain yield (kg ha^-1) of different corn (Zea mays) cultivars planted in several dates, in the different crop seasons evaluated in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

Fig. 1. Mean values of temperature and rainfall for ten-day periods during the experiment (February 2013 to March 2016) in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Obtained from the agrometeorological station of Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste.

Figure 2. Total yield (kg ha^-1) of the soybean (Glycine max)-corn (Zea mays) successions in 2013/2014 (A), 2014/2015 (B), 2015/2016 (C), and the mean of the three study years (D), according to the different sowing dates and soybean and corn cultivars. First period: soybean sown on September 15 and corn sown on February 1; second period: soybean sown on October 1 and corn sown on February 15; third period: soybean sown on October 15 and corn sown on March 1; and fourth period: soybean sown on November 1 and corn sown on March 15. A and B charts: ♦, BRS 284 and BRS 1010; □, BRS 284 and DKB 390; Δ, BRS 360 RR, and BRS 1010; and ■, BRS 360 RR and DKB 390. C chart: ♦, BRS 388RR and BRS 1010; □, BRS 388RR and DKB 390; Δ, BRS 1001IPRO and BRS 1010; and ■, BRS 1001IPRO and DKB 390. * and **Significant by the F-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. Least significant difference (LSD) between the seasons for the average of the three harvests: 793 kg ha^-1.

Table 1. Soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) sowing periods in which 10-mm irrigation was required to ensure germination, in the different harvests evaluated in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Sowing dates	Harvests
Sowing dates	2013/2014	2014/2015	2015/2016
	Soybean
Mid-September	-	X	X
Early October	-	X	-
Mid-October	-	X	-
Early November	X	-	-
	Corn
Beginning of February	X	X	-
Mid-February	-	-	-
Beginning of March	X	-	X
Mid-March	X	-	-

Table 2. Significance of the analysis of variance⁽¹⁾ of the effects of sowing dates and cultivars on soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) yields, in the different harvests evaluated in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Source of variation	Harvests			Mean⁽²⁾
Source of variation	2013/2014	2014/2015	2015/2016	Mean⁽²⁾
	Soybean
Sowing date (S)	0.0000	0.0000	0.1992	0.0021
Cultivar (C)	0.1423	0.0783	0.6111	-
SxC	0.0000	0.0000	0.0048	-
CV (%)	8.08	8.92	7.57	11.09
	Corn
Sowing date (S)	0.0000	0.1463	0.0000	0.0001
Cultivar (C)	0.0666	0.0060	0.0005	-
SxC	0.4562	0.0004	0.2974	-
CV (%)	15.09	12.49	11.74	13.10

⁽¹⁾p-value of the F-test. ⁽²⁾Average of the three soybean and corn harvests, evaluating the main effects of the sowing dates, without considering the interaction effects with the cultivars.

Table 3. Grain yield (kg ha^-1) of different soybean (Glycine max) cultivars planted in several dates, in the crop seasons evaluated in in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

Cultivar	Sowing dates				Mean
Cultivar	Mid-September	Early October	Mid-October	Early November	Mean
	Soybean in 2013/2014
BRS 284	3,377Ba	3,835Aa	3,228Bb	2,532Cb	3,243
BRS 360 RR	2,681Bb	3,640Aa	3,662Aa	3,564Aa	3,386
Mean	3,029C	3,738A	3,445B	3,048C	-
	Soybean in 2014/2015
BRS 284	3,728Aa	2,720Ba	1,064Cb	2,576Ba	2,522
BRS 360 RR	3,208Ab	3,051Aa	2,096Ba	2,336Ba	2,673
Mean	3,468A	2,886B	1,580D	2,456C	-
	Soybean in 2015/2016
BRS 388RR	3,217ABa	3,568Aa	2,995Bb	3,324ABa	3,276
BRS 1001IPRO	3,213ABa	3,244ABa	3,515Aa	2,952Bb	3,231
Mean	3,215	3,406	3,255	3.138	-
	Mean of three harvests
Mean of cultivars	3,238A	3,344A	2,760B	2,881B	-

⁽¹⁾Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in the lines and lowercase in the columns, do not differ by the t-test, at 5% probability.

Table 4. Grain yield (kg ha^-1) of different corn (Zea mays) cultivars planted in several dates, in the different crop seasons evaluated in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

Cultivar	Sowing dates				Mean
Cultivar	Beginning of February	Mid-February	Beginning of March	Mid-March	Mean
	Corn in 2013
BRS 1010	8,046	9,120	7,645	4,810	7,405
DKB 390	8,981	10,574	7,305	5,962	8,205
Mean	8,513B	9,847A	7,475B	5,386C	-
	Corn in 2014
BRS 1010	5,302Bb	6,669Aa	5,147Bb	6,041ABa	5,789b
DKB 390	8,141Aa	5,761Ba	6,475Ba	6,088Ba	6,616a
Mean	6,721	6,215	5,811	6,064	-
	Corn in 2015
BRS 1010	5,565	8,025	5,877	5,494	6,240b
DKB 390	7,157	8,693	7,658	5,995	7,376a
Mean	6,361BC	8,359A	6,767B	5,744C	-
	Mean of three harvests
Mean of cultivars	7,199B	8,141A	6,685BC	5,732C	-

⁽¹⁾Means followed by equal letters, uppercase in the lines and lowercase in the columns, do not differ by the t-test, at 5% probability.

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Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira Caixa Postal 040315, 70770-901 Brasília DF Brazil, Tel. +55 61 3448-1813, Fax +55 61 3340-5483 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: pab@embrapa.br

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Sucessão soja/milho em função da época de semeadura

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾p-value of the F-test. ⁽²⁾Average of the three soybean and corn harvests, evaluating the main effects of the sowing dates, without considering the interaction effects with the cultivars.