Quantification of the damage caused by <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> in okra

The objective of this work was to estimate the damage caused by Meloidogyne enterolobii in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and to verify the reliability of the reproduction factor as a suitable measure for selecting resistant okra genotypes. Increasing populations of M. enterolobii - 0, 500, 1,500, 3,000, 5,000, and 7,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J₂) per plant, - were evaluated, in a completely randomized design. The pathogen showed a parasitism pattern similar to that of M. incognita, causing a significant decrease in morphological and agronomic traits. The pathogen reproduction factor should be used in the selection of okra genotypes for tolerance to M. enterolobii, in populations above 3,000 eggs or J₂.

Index terms:
Abelmoschus esculentus; reproduction factor; root-knot nematode; susceptible host

Authorship

Edgard Henrique Costa Silva ^**Corresponding author

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. E-mail: edgarddragde@gmail.com, renato_2366@hotmail.com, heloborges1@gmail.com, carol.a.franco@hotmail.com, leila.braz@unesp.br, pedro.soares@unesp.brUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilJaboticabal, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. E-mail: edgarddragde@gmail.com, renato_2366@hotmail.com, heloborges1@gmail.com, carol.a.franco@hotmail.com, leila.braz@unesp.br, pedro.soares@unesp.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-4118

Renato Silva Soares

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-1104

Heloísa Oliveira Borges

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-6299

Carolina Andrade Franco

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-1005

Leila Trevisan Braz

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1420-0364

Pedro Luiz Martins Soares

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-5025

*Corresponding author

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (2)

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Table 1.
Means of the final population of eggs and second-stage juveniles, and reproduction factor of Meloidogyne enterolobii populations in okra 'Santa Cruz 47'⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2.
Effect of initial populations of Meloidogyne enterolobii in the following okra 'Santa Cruz 47' traits: plant height, stem diameter at plant base, fresh matter mass of shoot and roots, number of fruit, average fruit mass (in natura), and yield per plant⁽¹⁾.

Table 1. Means of the final population of eggs and second-stage juveniles, and reproduction factor of Meloidogyne enterolobii populations in okra 'Santa Cruz 47'⁽¹⁾.

Initial population	Final population	Reproduction factor
0	0.0a	0.0a
500	519.2b	1038.4c
1500	872.0b	581.4bc
3000	848.2b	282.8b
5000	1861.4c	372.2b
7000	2033.2c	290.5b
Coefficient of variation (%)	29.48	37.30

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. Data were transformed using (x+5)^0.5, before performing the statistical analysis.

Table 2. Effect of initial populations of Meloidogyne enterolobii in the following okra 'Santa Cruz 47' traits: plant height, stem diameter at plant base, fresh matter mass of shoot and roots, number of fruit, average fruit mass (in natura), and yield per plant⁽¹⁾.

Initial population	Plant height (cm)		Stem diameter (mm)		Shoot fresh matter mass (kg)		Root fresh matter mass (kg)		Number of fruit		Fruit mass (g)		Yield (kg per plant)
Initial population	Mean	RR (%)	Mean	RR (%)	Mean	RR (%)	Mean	RR (%)	Mean	RR (%)	Mean	RR (%)	Mean	RR (%)
0	124.7a	0.0	1.50	11.24	110.5a	0.0	65.5a	53.71	9.8a	0.0	20.43	0.0	0.199a	0.0
500	107.6ab	13.71	1.57	7.10	94.0ab	14.93	89.0a	37.10	8.2ab	16.33	20.01	2.60	0.164ab	17.59
1,500	105.3ab	15.56	1.54	8.80	95.0ab	14.09	96.7ab	31.66	8.0ab	18.37	20.10	1.62	0.157ab	21.11
3,000	101.8b	18.76	1.47	13.02	100.5ab	9.05	102.0ab	27.92	6.4b	34.69	19.34	5.34	0.124b	34.49
5,000	101.7b	18.44	1.61	4.94	84.5ab	23.25	91.5a	35.34	7.8ab	20,41	18.15	11.16	0.142b	28.64
7,000	101.3b	18.77	1.69	0	80.0b	27.70	141.5b	0	6.2b	36.73	20.20	1.13	0.126b	36.68
CV (%)	6.64		1.37		10.67		16.75		22.31		15.41		25.52

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters do not differ by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. Data were transformed using (x+5)^0.5, before performing the statistical analysis. RR, relative reduction. CV, coefficient of variation.

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Quantification of the damage caused by <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> in okra

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[1] *Corresponding author