Growth and yield of teak stands at different spacing

The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and yield of teak (Tectona grandis) stands at different spacing and in different soil classes. Twelve spacing were evaluated in an Inceptisol and Oxisol, in plots with an area of 1,505 or 1,548 m², arranged in a completely randomized design with nine replicates. The teak trees were measured at 26, 42, 50, and 78 months of age. Total tree height was less affected by spacing. Mean square diameter was greater in wider spacing, whereas basal area and total volume with bark were greater in closer spacing. An increase in volume with bark per tree was observed with the increase of useful area per plant. For teak trees, growth stagnation happens earlier, the growth rate is higher in closer spacing, and the plants grow more in the Inceptisol than in the Oxisol.

Index terms:
Tectona grandis; initial spacing; modeling

Authorship

Reginaldo Antonio Medeiros

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus Cáceres, Prof. Olegário Baldo, Avenida dos Ramires, s/no, Caixa Postal 244, CEP 78200-000 Cáceres, MT, Brazil. E-mail: reginaldo.medeiros@cas.ifmt.edu.brInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato GrossoBrazilCáceres, MT, BrazilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus Cáceres, Prof. Olegário Baldo, Avenida dos Ramires, s/no, Caixa Postal 244, CEP 78200-000 Cáceres, MT, Brazil. E-mail: reginaldo.medeiros@cas.ifmt.edu.br

Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Avenida Purdue, s/no, Campus Universitário, Edifício Reinaldo de Jesus Araújo, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil. E-mail: hnpaiva@ufv.br, hgleite@gmail.comUniversidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilViçosa, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Avenida Purdue, s/no, Campus Universitário, Edifício Reinaldo de Jesus Araújo, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil. E-mail: hnpaiva@ufv.br, hgleite@gmail.com

Flávio Siqueira D’Ávila

Companhia do Vale do Araguaia, Fazenda São Jorge, Rodovia MT 240, Km 23, Zona Rural, CEP 78635-000 Água Boa, MT, Brazil. E-mail: fdavila@valedoaraguaia.com.brCompanhia do Vale do AraguaiaBrazilÁgua Boa, MT, BrazilCompanhia do Vale do Araguaia, Fazenda São Jorge, Rodovia MT 240, Km 23, Zona Rural, CEP 78635-000 Água Boa, MT, Brazil. E-mail: fdavila@valedoaraguaia.com.br

Helio Garcia Leite

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (4)
Tables (2)
Formulas (102)

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Figure 1.
Total height, mean square diameter, basal area per hectare, volume with bark per hectare, number of individuals per hectare, and survival of teak (Tectona grandis) at 78 months of age in an Inceptisol (CXb2fd) and in an Oxisol (LVd4d). Within a single soil class, averages followed by equal letters do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. CXb2fd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (alumínico) endopetroplíntico; and LVd4d, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico.

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Figure 2.
Average volume with bark (Vcc) per teak (Tectona grandis) plant at different spacing and in different soil classes at 78 months of age. Within a single soil class, averages followed by equal letters do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability.

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Figure 3.
Growth trend for total height (A), mean square diameter (B), basal area per hectare (C), and volume with bark per hectare (D) of teak (Tectona grandis) according to the plant spacing and ages evaluated in an Inceptisol (CXb2fd). Equal letters for each variable among treatments indicate equality in the growth trend by the F-test for model identity. CXb2fd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (alumínico) endopetroplíntico.

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Figure 4.
Growth trend for total height (A), mean square diameter (B), basal area per hectare (C), and volume with bark per hectare (D) of teak (Tectona grandis) according to the plant spacing and ages evaluated in an Oxisol (LVd4d). Equal letters for each variable among treatments indicate equality in the growth trend by the F-test for model identity. LVd4d, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico.

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Table 1.
Chemical and physical characteristics of the soils of the experimental area.

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Table 2.
Gompertz model parameters adjusted for the variables total height (Ht), mean square diameter (q), basal area (B), and volume with bark (Vcc) for teak planted in an Inceptisol (CXb2fd) and in an Oxisol (LVd4d), at different spacing, corresponding to the F-test for model identity (T) and to the accuracy (Syx) and precision statistics (Ry) of the equations.

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Figure 1. Total height, mean square diameter, basal area per hectare, volume with bark per hectare, number of individuals per hectare, and survival of teak (Tectona grandis) at 78 months of age in an Inceptisol (CXb2fd) and in an Oxisol (LVd4d). Within a single soil class, averages followed by equal letters do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. CXb2fd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (alumínico) endopetroplíntico; and LVd4d, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico.

Figure 2. Average volume with bark (Vcc) per teak (Tectona grandis) plant at different spacing and in different soil classes at 78 months of age. Within a single soil class, averages followed by equal letters do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability.

Figure 3. Growth trend for total height (A), mean square diameter (B), basal area per hectare (C), and volume with bark per hectare (D) of teak (Tectona grandis) according to the plant spacing and ages evaluated in an Inceptisol (CXb2fd). Equal letters for each variable among treatments indicate equality in the growth trend by the F-test for model identity. CXb2fd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (alumínico) endopetroplíntico.

Figure 4. Growth trend for total height (A), mean square diameter (B), basal area per hectare (C), and volume with bark per hectare (D) of teak (Tectona grandis) according to the plant spacing and ages evaluated in an Oxisol (LVd4d). Equal letters for each variable among treatments indicate equality in the growth trend by the F-test for model identity. LVd4d, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico.

Table 1. Chemical and physical characteristics of the soils of the experimental area.

Soil⁽¹⁾	Depth (cm)	Ca	Mg	Ca+Mg	Al	H+Al	K	P-Mehlich	S	Zn	SOM	BS	pH (H₂O)
Soil⁽¹⁾	Depth (cm)	-------------------(cmol_c dm^-3)--------------------					-------------(mg dm^-3)-------------				--------(%)--------		pH (H₂O)
CXb2fd	0-20	1.7	0.45	2.15	0.65	2.3	34	162.2	0	1.3	1.3	46.7	5.4
CXb2fd	20-40	1.6	0.75	2.3	0.6	2.7	30	14	0	1.1	1.05	47.0	5.2
LVd4d	0-20	1.6	1.05	2.65	0.35	4.15	52.5	7.35	0	2.05	1.55	40.1	5.5
LVd4d	20-40	0.9	0.6	1.45	0.65	4.2	28	4.7	0	1.95	1.35	26.4	5.2

⁽¹⁾
CXb2fd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (alumínico) endopetroplíntico, an Inceptisol; and LVd4d, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, an Oxisol. SOM, soil organic matter; BS, bases saturation.

Table 2. Gompertz model parameters adjusted for the variables total height (Ht), mean square diameter (q), basal area (B), and volume with bark (Vcc) for teak planted in an Inceptisol (CXb2fd) and in an Oxisol (LVd4d), at different spacing, corresponding to the F-test for model identity (T) and to the accuracy (Syx) and precision statistics (Ry) of the equations.

Soil class⁽¹⁾	Spacing (m)	Equation⁽²⁾	T⁽³⁾	Syx	Ryŷ
CXb2fd	5.0x1.5	$H t = 14.48510 \exp (- \exp (0.91723 - 0.03245 I))$	i	0.39	98.75
	3.5x2.2	$H t = 13.64814 \exp (- \exp (1.01868 - 0.04013 I))$	d	0.19	99.72
	3.5x2.4	$H t = 13.85619 \exp (- \exp (0.90633 - 0.03754 I))$	d	0.14	99.84
	3.5x2.6	$H t = 13.65077 \exp (- \exp (0.97828 - 0.03958 I))$	h	0.17	99.75
	3.5x2.8	$H t = 13.70071 \exp (- \exp (0.98970 - 0.04050 I))$	c	0.12	99.88
	4x3	$H t = 13.88912 \exp (- \exp (0.99049 - 0.03953 I))$	c	0.22	99.62
	5x3	$H t = 14.14371 \exp (- \exp (0.99488 - 0.03892 I))$	g	0.13	99.87
	4x4	$H t = 14.60825 \exp (- \exp (0.99827 - 0.03674 I))$	b	0.24	99.60
	6x3	$H t = 15.14113 \exp (- \exp (0.9008 - 0.03085 I))$	f	0.26	99.46
	5x4	$H t = 14.68740 \exp (- \exp (0.94118 - 0.03410 I))$	e	0.17	99.79
	6x4	$H t = 14.74694 \exp (- \exp (0.98898 - 0.03636 I))$	ab	0.13	99.88
	5x5	$H t = 14.56022 \exp (- \exp (0.98850 - 0.03738 I))$	a	0.13	99.87
	5.0x1.5	$q = 16.22017 \exp (- \exp (0.82057 - 0.03310 I))$	h	0.85	95.24
	3.5x2.2	$q = 15.62055 \exp (- \exp (0.97344 - 0.04302 I))$	a	0.49	98.44
	3.5x2.4	$q = 16.61239 \exp (- \exp (0.74664 - 0.03614 I))$	g	0.27	99.48
	3.5x2.6	$q = 15.56169 \exp (- \exp (0.95456 - 0.04414 I))$	a	0.48	98.42
	3.5x2.8	$q = 16.34179 \exp (- \exp (1.02284 - 0.04522 I))$	b	0.44	98.88
	4x3	$q = 17.36185 \exp (- \exp (0.93481 - 0.03887 I))$	b	0.68	97.60
	5x3	$q = 19.89896 \exp (- \exp (0.95439 - 0.03460 I))$	c	0.58	98.66
	4x4	$q = 21.58360 \exp (- \exp (0.96538 - 0.03064 I))$	c	0.59	98.72
	6x3	$q = 22.05417 \exp (- \exp (0.86551 - 0.02512 I))$	f	0.68	97.95
	5x4	$q = 2174311 \exp (- \exp (0.91114 - 0.02776 I))$	e	0.54	98.82
	6x4	$q = 25.44625 \exp (- \exp (0.97139 - 0.02667 I))$	d	0.55	99.09
	5x5	$q = 24.17545 \exp (- \exp (0.99300 - 0.02951 I))$	d	0.57	99.05
	5.0x1.5	$B = 25.87927 \exp (- \exp (1.27868 - 0.01757 I))$	cd	1.73	84.64
	3.5x2.2	$B = 16.69650 \exp (- \exp (1.75193 - 0.04671 I))$	fg	0.99	97.15
	3.5x2.4	$B = 22.09535 \exp (- \exp (1.38699 - 0.03438 I))$	j	1.02	97.47
	3.5x2.6	$B = 16.67820 \exp (- \exp (1.73077 - 0.04766 I))$	eg	1.52	93.59
	3.5x2.8	$B = 17.83193 \exp (- \exp (1.70218 - 0.04571 I))$	ef	1.39	95.09
	4x3	$B = 14.74091 \exp (- \exp (1.68579 - 0.04169 I))$	i	1.06	95.52
	5x3	$B = 15.25189 \exp (- \exp (1.56531 - 0.03194 I))$	bd	1.27	92.01
	4x4	$B = 16.09103 \exp (- \exp (1.63389 - 0.02990 I))$	c	0.85	96.06
	6x3	$B = 41.87357 \exp (- \exp (1.55889 - 0.01128 I))$	h	1.23	79.97
	5x4	$B = 11.21519 \exp (- \exp (1.62414 - 0.02925 I))$	b	0.71	94.32
	6x4	$B = 17.40204 e x p (- e x p (1.68488 - 0.02624 I))$	a	0.68	96.94
	5x5	$B = 13.78795 \exp (- \exp (1.69464 - 0.03011 I))$	a	0.56	97.60
	5.0x1.5	$V c c = 401.25960 \exp (- \exp (1.70787 - 0.01345 I))$	bd	8.51	90.23
	3.5x2.2	$V c c = 99.05156 \exp (- \exp (2.18990 - 0.04704 I))$	f	4.46	98.54
	3.5x2.4	$V c c = 145.33808 \exp (- \exp (1.78091 - 0.03332 I))$	j	4.90	98.63
	3.5x2.6	$V c c = 98.48137 \exp (- \exp (2.17458 - 0.04782 I))$	ef	7.32	96.23
	3.5x2.8	$V c c = 111.34415 \exp (- \exp (2.03064 - 0.04274 I))$	e	6.64	97.18
	4x3	$V c c = 88.56325 \exp (- \exp (2.11750 - 0.04291 I))$	i	5.17	97.28
	5x3	$V c c = 102.64128 \exp (- \exp (1.90093 - 0.03142 I))$	cd	6.35	94.77
	4x4	$V c c = 104.34689 \exp (- \exp (1.98558 - 0.03116 I))$	bc	4.33	97.33
	6x3	$V c c = 291.88984 \exp (- \exp (1.84271 - 0.01350 I))$	h	6.29	85.26
	5x4	$V c c = 71.26788 \exp (- \exp (1.99949 - 0.03103 I))$	g	3.69	95.81
	6x4	$V c c = 107.31311 \exp (- \exp (2.03195 - 0.02903 I))$	a	3.50	97.81
	5x5	$V c c = 88.12736 \exp (- \exp (2.03903 - 0.03167 I))$	a	2.84	98.36
LVd4d	5.0x1.5	$H t = 12.61845 \exp (- \exp (0.95750 - 0.03667 I))$	d	0.64	96.17
	3.5x2.2	$H t = 13.23865 \exp (- \exp (0.96933 - 0.03822 I))$	de	0.18	99.72
	3.5x2.4	$H t = 13.51479 \exp (- \exp (1.01547 - 0.03890 I))$	fgh	0.19	99.69
	3.5x2.6	$H t = 13.74569 \exp (- \exp (0.94781 - 0.03668 I))$	eh	0.18	99.71
	3.5x2.8	$H t = 13.86774 \exp (- \exp (1.00809 - 0.03838 I))$	fg	0.19	99.71
	4x3	$H t = 14.13239 \exp (- \exp (1.02123 - 0.03720 I))$	f	0.33	99.21
	5x3	$H t = 14.78810 \exp (- \exp (1.02113 - 0.03617 I))$	abc	0.33	99.28
	4x4	$H t = 15.00800 \exp (- \exp (1.05364 - 0.03741 I))$	abc	0.28	99.50
	6x3	$H t = 14.56993 \exp (- \exp (0.99364 - 0.03184 I))$	d	1.09	92.00
	5x4	$H t = 14.43857 \exp (- \exp (1.01455 - 0.03409 I))$	ef	0.88	94.77
	6x4	$H t = 15.65131 \exp (- \exp (1.03861 - 0.03396 I))$	ab	0.56	98.16
	5x5	$H t = 15.66388 \exp (- \exp (1.02894 - 0.03411 I))$	a	0.49	98.56
	5.0x1.5	$q = 12.98497 \exp (- \exp (0.83571 - 0.04115 I))$	h	1.14	88.37
	3.5x2.2	$q = 14.22596 \exp (- \exp (0.88209 - 0.04452 I))$	bc	0.21	99.59
	3.5x2.4	$q = 15.04296 \exp (- \exp (0.96361 - 0.04427 I))$	bce	0.28	99.45
	3.5x2.6	$q = 14.87552 \exp (- \exp (0.88397 - 0.04373 I))$	bce	0.26	99.46
	3.5x2.8	$q = 15.61773 \exp (- \exp (0.98880 - 0.04512 I))$	bde	0.28	99.50
	4x3	$q = 15.95427 \exp (- \exp (1.01872 - 0.04335 I))$	d	0.73	96.98
	5x3	$q = 18.12795 \exp (- \exp (0.94445 - 0.03697 I))$	g	0.70	97.72
	4x4	$q = 19.01657 \exp (- \exp (1.05044 - 0.03994 I))$	a	0.63	98.44
	6x3	$q = 17.25137 \exp (- \exp (0.88423 - 0.03098 I))$	c	2.12	80.57
	5x4	$q = 16.70247 \exp (- \exp (0.97339 - 0.03706 I))$	b	1.86	85.03
	6x4	$q = 21.16286 \exp (- \exp (0.97074 - 0.03161 I))$	a	1.24	94.75
	5x5	$q = 21.64124 \exp (- \exp (0.98932 - 0.03186 I))$	a	1.20	95.35
	5.0x1.5	$B = 15.25586 \exp (- \exp (1.59512 - 0.04371 I))$	def	2.72	79.35
	3.5x2.2	$B = 19.25285 \exp (- \exp (1.66812 - 0.04763 I))$	h	0.60	99.16
	3.5x2.4	$B = 19.65027 \exp (- \exp (1.70853 - 0.04604 I))$	h	0.78	98.67
	3.5x2.6	$B = 17.43695 \exp (- \exp (1.62063 - 0.04509 I))$	g	1.12	96.48
	3.5x2.8	$B = 18.41202 \exp (- \exp (1.74195 - 0.04706 I))$	g	1.20	96.64
	4x3	$B = 15.00831 \exp (- \exp (1.78622 - 0.04595 I))$	def	1.32	94.21
	5x3	$B = 16.68562 \exp (- \exp (1.69507 - 0.03924 I))$	de	1.43	93.66
	4x4	$B = 16.21682 \exp (- \exp (1.81839 - 0.04251 I))$	d	1.03	96.69
	6x3	$B = 10.55990 \exp (- \exp (1.68738 - 0.03645 I))$	abc	2.42	69.11
	5x4	$B = 9.51474 \exp (- \exp (1.77091 - 0.04127 I))$	abc	2.08	73.51
	6x4	$B = 13.29893 \exp (- \exp (1.71338 - 0.03322 I))$	ab	1.39	88.99
	5x5	$B = 12.97195 \exp (- \exp (1.73099 - 0.03409 I))$	a	1.45	88.05
	5.0x1.5	$V c c = 87.87002 \exp (- \exp (2.08653 - .044000 I))$	def	13.89	84.68
	3.5x2.2	$V c c = 112.20987 \exp (- \exp (2.17491 - 0.04799 I))$	gh	3.06	99.47
	3.5x2.4	$V c c = 115.34234 e x p (- e x p (2.25181 - 0.04824 I))$	gh	4.28	99.04
	3.5x2.6	$V c c = 103.78557 \exp (- \exp (2.13461 - 0.04595 I))$	i	5.71	97.81
	3.5x2.8	$V c c = 109.15232 \exp (- \exp (2.28934 - 0.04930 I))$	g	6.26	97.82
	4x3	$V c c = 88.71810 \exp (- \exp (2.33505 - 0.04883 I))$	def	7.20	95.72
	5x3	$V c c = 102.68118 \exp (- \exp (2.22378 - 0.04274 I))$	de	8.18	95.08
	4x4	$V c c = 98.36009 \exp (- \exp (2.40211 - 0.04760 I))$	d	6.08	97.35
	6x3	$V c c = 63.99372 \exp (- \exp (2.18082 - 0.03966 I))$	abc	13.71	73.03
	5x4	$V c c = 56.71399 \exp (- \exp (2.31180 - 0.04515 I))$	abc	11.83	77.31
	6x4	$V c c = 82.28391 \exp (- \exp (2.22255 - 0.03804 I))$	ab	8.23	90.74
	5x5	$V c c = 81.05324 \exp (- \exp (2.23780 - 0.03864 I))$	a	8.71	89.80

⁽¹⁾
CXb2fd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (alumínico) endopetroplíntico; and LVd4d, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico. ⁽²⁾All coefficients were significant by the t-test. ⁽³⁾Equal letters for each variable indicate equality between the equations by the F-test for model identity.

y_{2} = y_{1} \times \exp (- α (I_{2}^{β} - I_{1}^{β})) + ε

y = β_{0} \times \exp - (\exp (β_{1} - β_{2} I) + ε

F = (n - k_{1}) \times [\sum_{i} . \sum_{j} {(Y_{i j} - {\overset{⌢}{Y}}_{i j, r})}^{2} - \sum_{i} . \sum_{j} {(Y_{i j} - {\overset{⌢}{Y}}_{i j, c})}^{2}] / (k_{1} - k_{2}) \times \sum_{i} . \sum_{j} {(Y_{i j} - {\overset{⌢}{Y}}_{i j, c})}^{2} ~ F (α; (K_{1} - K_{2})) and (n - K_{1})

R_{y \overset{⌢}{y}} = n^{- 1} (\sum_{i = 1}^{n} ({\overset{⌢}{y}}_{i} - {\overset{⌢}{y}}_{m}) (y_{i} - \bar{y})) / \sqrt{(n^{- 1} \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {({\overset{⌢}{y}}_{i} - {\overset{⌢}{y}}_{m})}^{2}) (n^{- 1} \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {(y_{i} - \bar{y})}^{2})}; {\overset{⌢}{y}}_{m} = n^{- 1} \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {\overset{⌢}{y}}_{i}

S_{y x} = \sqrt{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} {(y_{i} - {\overset{⌢}{y}}_{i})}^{2} / n - p - 1}

E R % = 100 (({\overset{⌢}{y}}_{I} - y_{i}) / y_{i})

H t = 14.48510 \exp (- \exp (0.91723 - 0.03245 I))

H t = 13.64814 \exp (- \exp (1.01868 - 0.04013 I))

H t = 13.85619 \exp (- \exp (0.90633 - 0.03754 I))

H t = 13.65077 \exp (- \exp (0.97828 - 0.03958 I))

H t = 13.70071 \exp (- \exp (0.98970 - 0.04050 I))

H t = 13.88912 \exp (- \exp (0.99049 - 0.03953 I))

H t = 14.14371 \exp (- \exp (0.99488 - 0.03892 I))

H t = 14.60825 \exp (- \exp (0.99827 - 0.03674 I))

H t = 15.14113 \exp (- \exp (0.9008 - 0.03085 I))

H t = 14.68740 \exp (- \exp (0.94118 - 0.03410 I))

H t = 14.74694 \exp (- \exp (0.98898 - 0.03636 I))

H t = 14.56022 \exp (- \exp (0.98850 - 0.03738 I))

q = 16.22017 \exp (- \exp (0.82057 - 0.03310 I))

q = 15.62055 \exp (- \exp (0.97344 - 0.04302 I))

q = 16.61239 \exp (- \exp (0.74664 - 0.03614 I))

q = 15.56169 \exp (- \exp (0.95456 - 0.04414 I))

q = 16.34179 \exp (- \exp (1.02284 - 0.04522 I))

q = 17.36185 \exp (- \exp (0.93481 - 0.03887 I))

q = 19.89896 \exp (- \exp (0.95439 - 0.03460 I))

q = 21.58360 \exp (- \exp (0.96538 - 0.03064 I))

q = 22.05417 \exp (- \exp (0.86551 - 0.02512 I))

q = 2174311 \exp (- \exp (0.91114 - 0.02776 I))

q = 25.44625 \exp (- \exp (0.97139 - 0.02667 I))

q = 24.17545 \exp (- \exp (0.99300 - 0.02951 I))

B = 25.87927 \exp (- \exp (1.27868 - 0.01757 I))

B = 16.69650 \exp (- \exp (1.75193 - 0.04671 I))

B = 22.09535 \exp (- \exp (1.38699 - 0.03438 I))

B = 16.67820 \exp (- \exp (1.73077 - 0.04766 I))

B = 17.83193 \exp (- \exp (1.70218 - 0.04571 I))

B = 14.74091 \exp (- \exp (1.68579 - 0.04169 I))

B = 15.25189 \exp (- \exp (1.56531 - 0.03194 I))

B = 16.09103 \exp (- \exp (1.63389 - 0.02990 I))

B = 41.87357 \exp (- \exp (1.55889 - 0.01128 I))

B = 11.21519 \exp (- \exp (1.62414 - 0.02925 I))

B = 17.40204 e x p (- e x p (1.68488 - 0.02624 I))

B = 13.78795 \exp (- \exp (1.69464 - 0.03011 I))

V c c = 401.25960 \exp (- \exp (1.70787 - 0.01345 I))

V c c = 99.05156 \exp (- \exp (2.18990 - 0.04704 I))

V c c = 145.33808 \exp (- \exp (1.78091 - 0.03332 I))

V c c = 98.48137 \exp (- \exp (2.17458 - 0.04782 I))

V c c = 111.34415 \exp (- \exp (2.03064 - 0.04274 I))

V c c = 88.56325 \exp (- \exp (2.11750 - 0.04291 I))

V c c = 102.64128 \exp (- \exp (1.90093 - 0.03142 I))

V c c = 104.34689 \exp (- \exp (1.98558 - 0.03116 I))

V c c = 291.88984 \exp (- \exp (1.84271 - 0.01350 I))

V c c = 71.26788 \exp (- \exp (1.99949 - 0.03103 I))

V c c = 107.31311 \exp (- \exp (2.03195 - 0.02903 I))

V c c = 88.12736 \exp (- \exp (2.03903 - 0.03167 I))

H t = 12.61845 \exp (- \exp (0.95750 - 0.03667 I))

H t = 13.23865 \exp (- \exp (0.96933 - 0.03822 I))

H t = 13.51479 \exp (- \exp (1.01547 - 0.03890 I))

H t = 13.74569 \exp (- \exp (0.94781 - 0.03668 I))

H t = 13.86774 \exp (- \exp (1.00809 - 0.03838 I))

H t = 14.13239 \exp (- \exp (1.02123 - 0.03720 I))

H t = 14.78810 \exp (- \exp (1.02113 - 0.03617 I))

H t = 15.00800 \exp (- \exp (1.05364 - 0.03741 I))

H t = 14.56993 \exp (- \exp (0.99364 - 0.03184 I))

H t = 14.43857 \exp (- \exp (1.01455 - 0.03409 I))

H t = 15.65131 \exp (- \exp (1.03861 - 0.03396 I))

H t = 15.66388 \exp (- \exp (1.02894 - 0.03411 I))

q = 12.98497 \exp (- \exp (0.83571 - 0.04115 I))

q = 14.22596 \exp (- \exp (0.88209 - 0.04452 I))

q = 15.04296 \exp (- \exp (0.96361 - 0.04427 I))

q = 14.87552 \exp (- \exp (0.88397 - 0.04373 I))

q = 15.61773 \exp (- \exp (0.98880 - 0.04512 I))

q = 15.95427 \exp (- \exp (1.01872 - 0.04335 I))

q = 18.12795 \exp (- \exp (0.94445 - 0.03697 I))

q = 19.01657 \exp (- \exp (1.05044 - 0.03994 I))

q = 17.25137 \exp (- \exp (0.88423 - 0.03098 I))

q = 16.70247 \exp (- \exp (0.97339 - 0.03706 I))

q = 21.16286 \exp (- \exp (0.97074 - 0.03161 I))

q = 21.64124 \exp (- \exp (0.98932 - 0.03186 I))

B = 15.25586 \exp (- \exp (1.59512 - 0.04371 I))

B = 19.25285 \exp (- \exp (1.66812 - 0.04763 I))

B = 19.65027 \exp (- \exp (1.70853 - 0.04604 I))

B = 17.43695 \exp (- \exp (1.62063 - 0.04509 I))

B = 18.41202 \exp (- \exp (1.74195 - 0.04706 I))

B = 15.00831 \exp (- \exp (1.78622 - 0.04595 I))

B = 16.68562 \exp (- \exp (1.69507 - 0.03924 I))

B = 16.21682 \exp (- \exp (1.81839 - 0.04251 I))

B = 10.55990 \exp (- \exp (1.68738 - 0.03645 I))

B = 9.51474 \exp (- \exp (1.77091 - 0.04127 I))

B = 13.29893 \exp (- \exp (1.71338 - 0.03322 I))

B = 12.97195 \exp (- \exp (1.73099 - 0.03409 I))

V c c = 87.87002 \exp (- \exp (2.08653 - .044000 I))

V c c = 112.20987 \exp (- \exp (2.17491 - 0.04799 I))

V c c = 115.34234 e x p (- e x p (2.25181 - 0.04824 I))

V c c = 103.78557 \exp (- \exp (2.13461 - 0.04595 I))

V c c = 109.15232 \exp (- \exp (2.28934 - 0.04930 I))

V c c = 88.71810 \exp (- \exp (2.33505 - 0.04883 I))

V c c = 102.68118 \exp (- \exp (2.22378 - 0.04274 I))

V c c = 98.36009 \exp (- \exp (2.40211 - 0.04760 I))

V c c = 63.99372 \exp (- \exp (2.18082 - 0.03966 I))

V c c = 56.71399 \exp (- \exp (2.31180 - 0.04515 I))

V c c = 82.28391 \exp (- \exp (2.22255 - 0.03804 I))

V c c = 81.05324 \exp (- \exp (2.23780 - 0.03864 I))

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Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira Caixa Postal 040315, 70770-901 Brasília DF Brazil, Tel. +55 61 3448-1813, Fax +55 61 3340-5483 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: pab@embrapa.br

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Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Growth and yield of teak stands at different spacing

PlumX

Mensagem

[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
CXb2fd, Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico (alumínico) endopetroplíntico, an Inceptisol; and LVd4d, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, an Oxisol. SOM, soil organic matter; BS, bases saturation.