Crescimento, sistema antioxidante e estado imunológico do camarão nos sistemas de cultivo em bioflocos e água clara

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de cultivo tradicional em água clara e do em bioflocos sobre os estados antioxidante e imunológico do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei. Amostras (brânquia, hemolinfa e hepatopâncreas) foram coletadas nos dias 15, 30 e 60 do período experimental. Os seguintes parâmetros imunológicos foram analisados a cada tempo amostral: hemócitos granulares e hialinos, proteína total e apoptose. Também foram realizados ensaios da atividade da glutamato-cisteína ligase (GCL) e das concentrações de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os parâmetros imunológicos avaliados não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos. Os camarões criados em água clara apresentaram maiores níveis de peroxidação lipídica nas brânquias e de GCL na hemolinfa nos dias 15 e 30. Camarões em bioflocos apresentaram maior taxa de sobrevivência, e a água não precisou ser renovada durante o período experimental. O sistema de bioflocos melhora os níveis de produtividade e promove um ambiente de cultivo mais saudável.

Termos para indexação:
Litopenaeus vannamei; BFT; estresse oxidativo; TBARS

Autoria

Diego Moreira de Souza ^**Corresponding author: dmsfurg@yahoo.com.br

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquacultura, Rua do Hotel, no 2, Cassino, CEP 96210-030 Rio Grande, RS Brazil. E-mail: dmsfurg@yahoo.com.br, pliniofs@yahoo.com.br, luisalbertoromano0@gmail.com, manow@mikrus.com.brUniversidade Federal do Rio GrandeBrazilRio Grande, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquacultura, Rua do Hotel, no 2, Cassino, CEP 96210-030 Rio Grande, RS Brazil. E-mail: dmsfurg@yahoo.com.br, pliniofs@yahoo.com.br, luisalbertoromano0@gmail.com, manow@mikrus.com.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-1432

Mateus Tavares Kutter

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Carreiros, Avenida Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-000 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. E-mail: kutter.m.t@gmail.com, monserrat_jm@furg.brUniversidade Federal do Rio GrandeBrazilRio Grande, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Carreiros, Avenida Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-000 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. E-mail: kutter.m.t@gmail.com, monserrat_jm@furg.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-7600

Plinio Schmidt Furtado

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-3840

Luis Alberto Romano

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-3579

Wilson Wasielesky Junior

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-4755

José María Monserrat

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9463-3049

Luciano Garcia

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, BR 392, no 299, Vila Santa Tereza, CEP 96203-000 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. E-mail: garcia_log@hotmail.comUniversidade Federal do Rio GrandeBrazilRio Grande, RS, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, BR 392, no 299, Vila Santa Tereza, CEP 96203-000 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. E-mail: garcia_log@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9133-7212

*Corresponding author: dmsfurg@yahoo.com.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (2)

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Figure 1.
Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity (A), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration (B), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (C) in the hemolymph of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems. Data are expressed as means±standard error of the mean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments over the same time period by the analysis of variance, followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test, at 5% probability. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of each treatment over the experimental period.

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Figure 2.
Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity (A), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration (B), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (C) in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems. Data are expressed as means±standard error of the mean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments over the same time period by the analysis of variance, followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test, at 5% probability. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between each treatment over the experimental period.

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Figure 3.
Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity (A), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration (B), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (C) in the gills of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems. Data are expressed as means±standard error of the mean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments over the same time period by the analysis of variance, followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test, at 5% probability. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between each treatment over the experimental period.

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Table 1.
Water physicochemical parameters in the experimental tanks⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2.
Immunological and zootechnical parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared during a 60-day experimental period (at 30 and 60 days) in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems at 27°C⁽¹⁾.

Figure 1. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity (A), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration (B), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (C) in the hemolymph of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems. Data are expressed as means±standard error of the mean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments over the same time period by the analysis of variance, followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test, at 5% probability. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of each treatment over the experimental period.

Figure 2. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity (A), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration (B), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (C) in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems. Data are expressed as means±standard error of the mean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments over the same time period by the analysis of variance, followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test, at 5% probability. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between each treatment over the experimental period.

Figure 3. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity (A), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration (B), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (C) in the gills of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems. Data are expressed as means±standard error of the mean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments over the same time period by the analysis of variance, followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test, at 5% probability. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between each treatment over the experimental period.

Table 1. Water physicochemical parameters in the experimental tanks⁽¹⁾.

Parameter	Treatment
Parameter	BFT at 27°C	CW at 27ºC
Temperature (°C)	26.89±0.15a	26.73±0.09a
pH	7.68±0.02a	8.23±0.01b
Salinity (g L^-1)	31.88±0.24a	29.28±0.18b
DO (mg L^-1)	5.91±0.03a	6.13±0.02a
Alkalinity (mg L^-1)	93.14±5.91a	148.70±1.15b
TAN (mg L^-1)	0.15±0.01a	0.33±0.03b
Nitrite (mg L^-1)	0.07±0.006a	1.40±0.23b
Nitrate (mg L^-1)	42.02±4.77a	7.77±1.78b
TSS (mg L^-1)	30±15.23a	450±40.56b

⁽¹⁾Means followed by equal letters in the rows do not differ among treatments by the one-way analysis of variance, at 5% probability. DO, dissolved oxygen; TAN; total ammonia nitrogen; TSS, total suspended solids; BFT, biofloc technology; and CW, clear water. Data are mean±standard error of the mean.

Table 2. Immunological and zootechnical parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared during a 60-day experimental period (at 30 and 60 days) in biofloc technology (BFT) and clear water (CW) systems at 27°C⁽¹⁾.

Parameter	Period (days)	Treatment
Parameter	Period (days)	BFT at 27°C	CW at 27ºC
GH, granular hemocytes (%)	30	66.2±2.2	64.8±1.6
GH, granular hemocytes (%)	60	67.8±1.9	69.2±2.1
HH, hyaline hemocytes (%)	30	33.8±2.2	35.2±1.5
HH, hyaline hemocytes (%)	60	32.2±1.9	30.8±2.1
TP (mg mL^-1)	30	119.6±2.1	119.2±1.2
TP (mg mL^-1)	60	119.4±1.0	121.0±1.7
Apoptosis (%)	30	2.0±0.3	2.4±.05
Apoptosis (%)	60	3.2±0.5	2.6±0.6
SV (%)		73.33±1.4a	59.16±3.0b
FW (g)		7.03±0.3a	9.84±0.6b
SGR (%)		2.30±0.07a	2.46±0.08a
Productivity (kg m^-3)		0.95±0.2a	0.19±0.3b

⁽¹⁾Means followed by equal letters in the row do not differ among treatments by the one-way analysis of variance, at 5% probability. GH, granular hemocytes; HH, hyaline hemocytes; TP, total protein; SV survival; FW, final weight; and SGR, specific growth rate. Data are mean±standard error of the mean.

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Crescimento, sistema antioxidante e estado imunológico do camarão nos sistemas de cultivo em bioflocos e água clara

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[1] *Corresponding author: dmsfurg@yahoo.com.br