Construção e Validação da Escala de Forças de Caráter para Adolescentes (EFC-A)

Dametto, Denise Martins; Noronha, Ana Paula Porto

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 29 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2930 copiar

Construção e Validação da Escala de Forças de Caráter para Adolescentes (EFC-A)

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Forças de caráter são características individuais positivas que podem ser expressas por meio de pensamentos, sentimentos e ações. Os objetivos deste estudo foram construir um instrumento para avaliar as virtudes e forças de caráter de adolescentes e buscar evidências psicométricas para a escala. Participaram 836 adolescentes entre 14 a 18 anos, estudantes do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas, sendo 60,4% meninas. Os alunos responderam a Escala de Forças de Caráter para Adolescentes (EFC-A). A análise de juízes indicou que a EFC-A possui evidências de validade de conteúdo. A análise fatorial confirmatória permitiu a extração de cinco fatores, bem como o coeficiente alfa mostrou boa precisão. Os dados psicométricos iniciais para a EFC-A são promissores, porém são necessários novos estudos para buscar outras evidências de validade, bem como novas análises para testar a estrutura fatorial do modelo utilizado.

Palavras-chave:
avaliação psicológica; psicologia positiva; construção de teste

	Park and Peterson (2006Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 891-909. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.20... )	Toner et al. (2012Toner, E., Haslam, N., Robinson, J., & Williams, P. (2012). Character strengths and wellbeing in adolescence: Structure and correlates of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Children. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 637-642. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.0... )	Ruch et al. (2014Ruch, W., Weber, M., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2014). Character strengths in children and adolescents: Reliability and initial validity of the German Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (German VIA-Youth). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 57-64. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000169 https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a00016... )	Grinhauz and Castro Solano (2013Grinhauz, A. S., & Castro Solano, A. (2013). Validez factorial del Inventario de Virtudes y Fortalezas para Niños (IVYF Niños) [Factorial validity of the Children’s Strengths and Virtues Questionnaire (IVYF Children)]. Anuario de Investigaciones, 20(1), 357-364. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-16862013000100037 http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?scri... )
Country	United States	Australia	Germany	Argentina
N	1,300	501	1,569	518
Age	10 to 17 years	15 to 18 years	10 to 17 years	10 to 12 years
Factor 1	Temperance: prudence, self-regulation, persistence and integrity	Temperance: prudence, persistence, self-regulation, integrity, open-mindedness and hope	Leadership: leadership, humor, perspective, social intelligence and bravery	Temperance Strengths: persistence, self-regulation, open- mindedness, integrity, prudence, and modesty
Factor 2	Intellectual Qualities: love of learning, creativity, curiosity, appreciation of beauty, fairness and open- mindedness	Zest: humor, leadership, bravery, perspective, zest and social intelligence	Temperance: prudence, self-regulation, persistence and integrity	Empathy Strengths: appreciation of beauty, love, gratitude, kindness, humor and perspective
Factor 3	Theological Strengths: hope, spirituality, love, zest, gratitude, social intelligence, perspective, humor, leadership and forgiveness	Curiosity: curiosity, love of learning, creativity and appreciation of beauty	Intellectual Strengths: curiosity, love of learning, appreciation of beauty and creativity	Knowledge Strengths: creativity and love of learning
Factor 4	Interpersonal Strengths: modesty, kindness, teamwork and bravery	Interpersonal Strengths: modesty, kindness, forgiveness, fairness and teamwork	Interpersonal Strengths: spirituality, zest, gratitude, love and hope	Social strengths: social intelligence, spirituality and bravery
Factor 5		Transcendence: spirituality, love and gratitude	Transcendence: modesty, forgiveness, kindness, fairness and teamwork	Justice Strengths: fairness, teamwork and leadership
Factor 6				Justice, curiosity, hope and zest

Strengths	Item	Original Item	Agreement
Love	32	I like to be around people.	30%
Love	40	When I need to, I have someone to count on.	40%
Appreciation of beauty	7	I have great admiration for nature.	70%
Appreciation of beauty	34	Very intelligent people fascinate me.	10%
Appreciation of beauty	42	I appreciate the little things of my daily life.	30%
Appreciation of beauty	51	I really like going to the movies and/or theater.	70%
Appreciation of beauty	107	I am an admirer of classical music.	70%
Integrity	8	I would not lie to gain anything from anyone.	30%
Integrity	68	It is important for me to be open and honest about my feelings.	10%
Self-Regulation	58	I can control what I eat.	0%
Bravery	26	I do what needs to be done, despite being afraid.	0%
Curiosity	71	I ask questions frequently.	10%
Hope	64	I feel confident to achieve my goals.	20%
Hope	108	Despite the challenges, I have hope for the future.	50%
Hope	114	If I strive and have faith, everything will be different.	50%
Gratitude	11	I am grateful for the lives of the people around me.	10%
Social intelligence	66	I respect different ideas.	30%
Social intelligence	88	I can deal with my feelings.	60%
Leadership	85	When I work in a group, I like to be the presenter.	60%
Leadership	100	I can naturally create a pleasant environment during a group work.	40%
Modesty	15	I know my mistakes.	70%
Open-mindedness	24	I analyze all the points before making any decision.	0%
Open-mindedness	57	I consider myself an open-minded person.	0%
Open-mindedness	111	I know when I’m wrong.	40%
Zest	55	I have a lot of energy all day.	80%

Strengths	Item number	Item	Agreement
Love of learning	105	I like to study new things.	66%
Kindness	119	I believe giving is more important than receiving.	66%
Bravery	94	If necessary, I can face a fight.	66%
Bravery	95	I do not give in to pressure from my friends to do something that I know is wrong.	66%
Creativity	93	My ideas are always different from other people.	66%
Hope	86	I have faith that things will be better for me.	66%
Spirituality	74	I value my beliefs.	33%
Gratitude	27	I know good things happen in my life.	66%
Humor	6	I always look at the positive side of things.	33%
Fairness	81	Everyone deserves respect.	33%
Modesty	33	I always think of others before thinking of me.	33%
Perspective	16	I consider the opinions of others to make my decisions.	66%
Perspective	43	I often give my opinion to my friends when they ask me.	33%
Perspective	97	I often know what to say in difficult situations.	66%

Item	Comments/Suggestions	Final version of the item
94	The content of the item resembles the integrity strength.	I do not usually retreat in the face of difficulties.
93	Having different ideas may not necessarily be creativity. This can be seen as something negative.	My ideas are always more creative.
86	Mix of spirituality with religiosity. Faith is not part of the hope construct.	I believe things will be better for me.
74	The word “beliefs” may not be only related to spiritual beliefs.	Spirituality is an important thing in my life.
27	Being aware does not seem to mean being grateful.	I know good things happen in my life.
6	It is part of the definition of strength, but this is a facet of optimism and not just humor. Should it really be within the humor strength? It could be hope, for example.	I’m a playful person.
33	It seems to be closer to humility, kindness, giving, self-transcending, etc. It does not seem to be modesty.	I know my limitations.
16	The definition talks about giving advice to other people. As it is, the item is in decision-making. In addition, it could be confused with open-mindedness.	I reflect before deciding the best way to follow.
43	It does not seem to be perspective. The opinion may be quite foolish, for example.	I have good sense to know how to behave in different situations.
97	Perhaps “what to do” is more faithful to the definition of the strength.	I often know what to say in difficult situations.

Strengths	alpha	General Factor	1	2	3	4	5
Love	.51	.551*	-.26*	.06	.01	-.10	-.16
Love of learning	.59	.498*	.06	-.25*	-.03	.19	.14
Appreciation of beauty	.67	.557*	.38*	-.00	.03	-.44*	-.02
Integrity	.42	.369*	-.44*	.04	.14	.04	-.07
Self-Regulation	.56	.636*	.31*	-.33*	.06	-.08	.03
Kindness	.70	.533*	.00	-.27*	-.07	.08	-.19
Bravery	.42	.587*	-.04	-.10	-.02	-.27*	-.03
Teamwork	.62	.350*	-.54*	-.02	-.01	-.01	-.26
Creativity	.65	.593*	-.19*	-.06	.01	.08	-.14
Curiosity	.55	.679*	-.02	.12	.25*	-.07	-.12
Hope	.69	.581*	-.08	-.08	.38*	.01	.10
Spirituality	.80	.720*	.19*	.00	.27*	-.04	-.00
Gratitude	.72	.604*	.10	-.02	.11	.04	-.12
Humor	.57	.598*	.18*	-.17*	-.06	-.11	.07
Fairness	.47	.685*	-.11	-.03	-.11	.05	-.00
Social intelligence	.47	.631*	-.05	-.03	-.16	.14*	-.10
Leadership	.68	.593*	-.02	.00	-.23	-.04	.34
Modesty	.39	.645*	-.17	.30*	-.23	-.05	.11
Open-mindeness	.49	.579*	-.04	.06	.01	.15	.52*
Forgiveness	.73	.590*	.14	.45*	-.00	-.03	.11
Persistence	.57	.591*	.04	.49*	.01	.08	.14
Prudence	.71	.550*	.21	.51*	-.01	.09	-.02
Perspective	.46	.392*	.60*	.03	.05	.41*	-.01
Zest	.69	.289*	.92*	.01	-.24	.01	-.05

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence address: Denise Martins Dametto. Universidade São Francisco. Psicologia. Rua Waldemar César da Silveira, Campinas-SP, Brazil. CEP. 13.045-510. E-mail: denisedametto@gmail.com