Mycorrhizal fungi increase coffee plants competitiveness against <i>Bidens pilosa</i> interference

França, André Cabral; Freitas, Ana Flávia de; Santos, Edson Aparecido dos; Grazziotti, Paulo Henrique; Andrade Júnior, Valter Carvalho de

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4639485

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 46 (2) • Apr-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4639485 copy

Mycorrhizal fungi increase coffee plants competitiveness against Bidens pilosa interference

Fungos micorrízicos aumentam a competitividade de cafeeiro frente à interferência de Bidens pilosa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Mycorrhizae provide several benefits to coffee plants. This study evaluated whether these benefits influence the damage caused by the Bidens pilosa competition with coffee seedlings. A randomized blocks design was used, with treatments established in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (presence and absence of B. pilosa interference in non-inoculated control or plants inoculated with either Claroideoglomus etunicatum or Dentiscutata heterogama). Coffee seedlings were inoculated with fungi spores and developed for 120 days. Then, they were subjected to the interference of B. pilosa for more 120 days, when data were collected for growth traits, mycorrhizal colonization, dry matter and foliar nutrient concentrations in coffee plants. Dry matter and nutrient contents in B. pilosa plants were also evaluated. Inoculation provided better growth and nutrition of coffee plants. The competition with B. pilosa reduced mycorrhizal colonization, height, leaf area, leaf and stem dry mass, root dry weight, number of reproductive branches and levels of P and Fe in the coffee plants. However, the harmful effect of the interference was lower in inoculated coffee plants. The dry mass of B. pilosa decreased under the interference of inoculated coffee plants. The inoculation of C. etunicatum and D. heterogama in Arabica coffee seedlings increases the competitiveness of the crop against B. pilosa interference.

KEY-WORDS:
Claroideoglomus etunicatum; Coffea arabica L.; Dentiscutata heterogama

pH (H₂O)	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H + Al	T	t	OM
pH (H₂O)	^________ mg dm^-3________		^{_____________________________________}cmol_c dm^-3 ^{_____________________________________}						dag kg^-1
4.9	1.3	8.0	0.1	0.1	0.3	46	4.9	0.6	1.9
P-rem	Zn	Fe	Mn	Cu	B		sand	silt	clay
mg L^-1	^{__________________________________} mg dm^{-3__________________________________}						^{_____________________} % ^{_____________________}
7.1	0.2	30.5	0.7	0.1	0.1		38	8	56

Coffee plant	Bidens pilosa
	Absent	Present	Absent	Present	Absent	Present
	Height (cm)		Leaf area (m²)		Root dry mass (g)
Non-inoculated	37.0 bA¹ 1 For each variable, averages followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.05), and averages followed by the same capital letter in the line do not differ by the F test (p < 0.05).	22.9 bB	0.21 bA	0.08 bB	10.8 bA	7.5 bB
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	41.1 aA	31.2 aB	0.28 aA	0.12 aB	12.9 aA	11.4 aB
Dentiscutata heterogama	42.1 aA	31.8 aB	0.25 aA	0.11 aB	13.2 aA	11.5 aB
Average	40.1	28.6	0.25	0.10	12.3	10.1
CV (%)	8.3		7.4		8.6
	Leaf dry mass (g)		Stem dry mass (g)		Number of plagiotropic branches
Non-inoculated	16.9 A	9.3 B	8.5	7.3	6.5 bA	4.3 bB
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	18.7 A	9.5 B	9.5	8,2	9.3 aA	5.0 aB
Dentiscutata heterogama	18.3 A	9.4 B	9.4	8.0	8.0 abA	4.3 abB
Average	18.0 A	9.4 B	9.1 A	7.9 B	7.9	4.5
CV (%)	11.2		16.2		20.1

Coffee Plant	Bidens pilosa		Average
Coffee Plant	Absent	Present	Average
Non-inoculated	12.9 A¹ 1 Averages followed by the same capital letter in the line do not differ by the F test, and averages followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).	8.2 B	10.6 c
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	45.6 A	33.4 B	39.8 a
Dentiscutata heterogama	34.7 A	27.8 B	31.3 b
Average	31.1 A	23.3 B
CV (%)	6.6

Coffee plant	Dry mass (g plant^-1)
Coffee plant	Shoot	Root
Non-inoculated	25.2 a¹ 1 Averages followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).	9.3 a
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	11.0 b	6.6 b
Dentiscutata heterogama	11.8 b	7.3 b
CV (%)	16.2	16.3

Fungi	Bidens pilosa
	Absent	Present	Average	Absent	Present	Average
	P (g kg^-1)		Average	K (g kg^-1)		Average
Non-inoculated	1.7	1.2	1.5 b	11.2	9.9	10.6 b¹ 1 For each variable, averages followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.05), and averages followed the same capital letter in the line do not differ by the F test (p < 0.05).
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	2.9	2.1	2.5 a	21.5	19.2	20.3 a
Dentiscutata heterogama	2.7	2.1	2.4 a	24.8	18.7	21.7 a
Average	2.4 A	1.8 B		1.2	15.9
CV (%)	9.9			33.6
	Ca (g kg^-1)		Average	Mg (g kg^-1)		Average
Non-inoculated	1.1	1.2	1.2 b	0.24	0.23	0.24
Dentiscutata heterogama	1.8	1.5	1.7 a	0.21	0.16	0.19
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	1.4	1.7	1.5 a	0.24	0.24	0.25
Average	1.4	1.5		0.23	0.21
CV (%)	18.2			39.7
	Cu (mg kg^-1)		Average	Fe (mg kg^-1)		Average
Non-inoculated	8.1	6.9	7.5 b	59.4 A	58.8A	59.1 b
Dentiscutata heterogama	11.3	11.9	11.6 a	74.5 A	64.1 B	69.2 a
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	11.1	11.4	11.3 a	77.4 A	65.2 B	71.3 a
Average	10.2	10.1		70.4 A	62.7 B
CV (%)	8.1			10.2
	Mn (mg kg^-1)		Average	Zn (mg kg^-1)		Average
Non-inoculated	60.6	59.2	59.9 a	4.8	4.5	4.7 b
Claroideoglomusetunicatum	59.4	66.3	62.8 a	6.6	6.3	6.4 a
Dentiscutata heterogama	60.1	57.9	58.9 a	5.8	5.7	5.8 ab
Average	60.0	61.1		5.7	5.5
CV (%)	14.9			19.4

Coffee seedling	Nutrient
	P	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Mn	Zn
	^{_______________________} g kg ^{-1_______________________}				^{_______________________} mg kg ^{-1_______________________}
Non-inoculated	4.0 a¹ 1 Averages followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).	33.5 a	0.91 a	0.21 a	11.4 a	78.2 a	27.3 a	11.5 a
Claroideoglomus etunicatum	3.6 a	30.1 a	1.13 a	0.28 a	11.2 a	80.3 a	28.3 a	14.3 a
Dentiscutata heterogama	3.6 a	27.9 a	1.14 a	0.22 a	11.3 a	87.1 a	27.8 a	15.3 a
CV (%)	16.9	21.8	64.1	57.5	1.6	11.7	37.7	14.3

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[TFN1] OM: organic matter; SB: sum of bases; t: effective cation exchange capacity; T: cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0; m: aluminum saturation; V: base saturation.