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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5066133 copy

Manganese fertilization for sweet cassava production under organic management system

Fertilização com manganês na produção de mandioca de mesa sob sistema de manejo orgânico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Organic management farms in the Federal District, Brazil, usually present overlimed and overfertilized soils, with high content of organic matter and high pH. These conditions lead to a low availability of manganese to crops. Many sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) crops were diagnosed with Mn deficiency in the region, presenting low yields. In order to overcome such condition, an experiment was established comprising the following treatments: application of MnSO₄ banded in rows; treatment of cassava cuttings with a MnSO₄ solution before planting; application of MnSO₄ and elemental sulfur (S⁰) banded in the rows, to acidify the soil, increasing the Mn solubility; and leaf spraying of a Mn solution. The best results were revealed when the Mn was applied by foliar spraying and using a combination of methods (treatment of cassava cuttings with Mn, and Mn and S⁰ applied to the soil before planting). This treatments provided a fresh root yield of 19.5 Mg ha^-1, contrasting with the control treatment (3.6 Mg ha^-1).

KEYWORDS:
Manihot esculenta Crantz; root production; micronutrients

Treatments	Mn	Fe	Cu	Zn	Ca	Mg	P	N	K	S
Treatments	^{__________________} mg kg^-1 ^{__________________}				^{__________________________________} g kg^-1 ^{__________________________________}
T₁: control (no Mn)	ns	ns	5.8 a	ns	9.3 b	ns	4.6 ab	55.8 ab	ns	ns
T₂: 4.28 kg ha^-1 of Mn (banded)	ns	ns	4.9 ab	ns	8.9 b	ns	5.0 a	64.4 a	ns	ns
T₃: Mn stem cutting	ns	ns	4.9 ab	ns	13.1 ab	ns	4.3 ab	51.8 b	ns	ns
T₄: T₃ + T₂	ns	ns	4.0 b	ns	12.4 ab	ns	4.0 b	54.8 b	ns	ns
T₅: T₃ + T₂ + banded S⁰	ns	ns	3.8 b	ns	14.8 a	ns	4.5 ab	52.5 ab	ns	ns
T₆: leaf Mn spraying	ns	ns	3.7 b^* * Means followed by different letters in the columns are statistically different (p < 0.05) by the Tukey test.	ns	12.8 ab	ns	2.9 c	46.4 b	ns	ns
Means	7.6	88.2	4.5	64.2	11.9	3.0	4.2	54.3	26.2	3.2
s ^ Standard deviation: n = 24.	1.7	15.3	0.9	5.5	3.0	0.5	0.8	6.9	6.5	0.4
References	Adequate concentration
Oliveira (2004)OLIVEIRA, S. Análise foliar. In: SOUZA, D.; LOBATO, E. (ed.). Cerrado: correção do solo e adubação. 2. ed. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Cerrados, 2004. p. 245-256.; Raij et al. (1997)RAIJ, B. V.; CANTARELLA, H.; QUAGGIO, J.; FURLANI, A. Recomendações de adubação e calagem para o Estado de São Paulo. 2. ed. Campinas: Instituto Agronômico, 1997.	25-100	60-200	5-25	35-100	5.0-15	2.0-5.0	2.5-5	45-60	10.0-20.0	3.0-4.0
Howeler (2002)HOWELER, R. H. Cassava mineral nutrition and fertilization. In: HILLOCKS, R. J.; THRESH, J. M.; BELLOTTI, A. (ed.). Cassava: biology, production and utilization. Wallingford: Cabi Publishing, 2002. p. 115-147.	50-150	120-140	6-10	35-57	5.0-7.2	2.4-2.9	3.8-5	51-58	14.2-18.8	3.0-3.6
Ribeiro et al. (1999)RIBEIRO, A. C.; GUIMARÃES, P. T. G.; ALVAREZ, V. H. Recomendações para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais: 5ª aproximação. Viçosa: CFSEMG, 1999.	50-120	120-140	6-10	30-60	7.5-8.5	2.9-3.1	3.0-5	51-58	13.0-20.0	2.6-3.0

Treatments	Plant height	Fresh shoot yield	Fresh root yield	Number of roots unities per plant
Treatments	m	^{_______________________} Mg ha^-1 ^{_______________________}		Number of roots unities per plant
T₁: control (no Mn)	2.14 ab^* * Means followed by different letters in the columns are statistically different (p < 0.05) by the Tukey test.	10.9 b	3.6 b	3.16 b
T₂: 4.28 kg ha^-1 of Mn (banded)	1.95 b	9.5 b	3.9 b	2.87 b
T₃: Mn stem cutting	2.36 a	23.3 a	16.6 a	9.62 a
T₄: T₃ + T₂	2.40 a	24.6 a	18.1 a	9.41 a
T₅: T₃ + T₂ + banded S⁰	2.34 a	25.5 a	19.5 a	10.21 a
T₆: leaf Mn spraying	2.46 a	26.0 a	19.4 a	11.16 a
Means	2.28	20.8	14.4	8.15
s ^ Standard deviation: n = 24.	0.23	7.35	7.40	3.58

Treatments	Mn	Fe	Cu	Zn	Ca	Mg	P	N	K	S
Treatments	^{__________________} mg kg^-1 ^{__________________}				^{________________________________} g kg^-1 ^{________________________________}
	Leaves
T₁: control (no Mn)	9.2 ab	ns	1.8 ab	ns	ns	ns	4.2 a	ns	ns	ns
T₂: 4.28 kg ha^-1 of Mn (banded)	9.8 ab	ns	1.2 b	ns	ns	ns	3.0 b	ns	ns	ns
T₃: Mn stem cutting	8.4 ab	ns	0.7 b	ns	ns	ns	2.6 b	ns	ns	ns
T₄: T₃ + T₂	11.4 a	ns	1.2 b	ns	ns	ns	2.5 b	ns	ns	ns
T₅: T₃ + T₂ + banded S⁰	12.0 a	ns	1.6 ab	ns	ns	ns	2.6 b	ns	ns	ns
T₆: leaf Mn spraying	7.2 b	ns	2.5 a	ns	ns	ns	2.4 b	ns	ns	ns
Means^* * Means followed by different letters in the columns are statistically different (p < 0.05) by the Tukey test.	9.7	215.5	1.5	58.9	17.9	4.2	2.9	37.7	19.3	2.6
s ^ Standard deviation: n = 24.	2.3	69.8	0.6	17.9	1.9	0.3	0.7	6.6	1.7	0.4
	Roots
T₁: control (no Mn)	ns	ns	1.3 a	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.2 b
T₂: 4.28 kg ha^-1 of Mn (banded)	ns	ns	1.3 a	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.4 b
T₃: Mn stem cutting	ns	ns	1.2 a	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.1 b
T₄: T₃ + T₂	ns	ns	1.7 a	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.3 b
T₅: T₃ + T₂ + banded S⁰	ns	ns	0.7 b	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.1 b
T₆: leaf Mn spraying	ns	ns	1.7 a	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	1.8 a
Means	1.1	85.5	1.3	10.8	1.2	0.9	1.9	8.8	18.8	0.5
s ^ Standard deviation: n = 24.	0.3	21.1	0.5	2.1	0.4	0.2	0.5	2.1	3.5	0.7

	Ca	P	N	Cu	Mn
Fresh root yield	0.70	-0.61	-0.71	-0.59	0.78
Fresh shoot yield	0.71	-0.64	-0.81	-0.64	0.70
Plant height	-	-0.65	-0.74	-	-
Number of roots	0.74	-0.61	-0.78	-0.61	0.66

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