Produção inicial e qualidade de frutos de camu-camu sob fertilização orgânica e mineral

Pinto, Carlos Enrique Daniel Lopez; Fajardo, Juan Daniel Villacis; Taube, Paulo Sérgio; Sacramento, José Augusto Amorim Silva do; Barros, Emerson Cristi de

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5060821 copiar

Produção inicial e qualidade de frutos de camu-camu sob fertilização orgânica e mineral

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Camu-camu [Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh] é uma planta nativa das planícies inundáveis da bacia amazônica que está em processo de domesticação em áreas de terra firme. Objetivou-se avaliar, qualitativa e quantitativamente, frutos de camu-camu obtidos na primeira produção, em áreas de terra firme, sob adubação mineral e orgânica. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por 4 linhas de 5 covas (3 plantas cova^-1). A adubação com resíduos orgânicos (torta de filtro e composto + torta de filtro) a cada quatro meses proporcionou maior produção de frutos (326 g planta^-1). No entanto, a produção foi menor quando se utilizou fertilização mineral ou a combinação desta com matéria orgânica (76 ± 40 g planta^-1). A fertilização com torta de filtro + composto aumentou o peso (8,91 g) e o tamanho (2,47 cm de diâmetro e 2,30 cm de comprimento) de fruto. A adubação mineral e orgânica não influenciaram nas características químicas dos frutos de camu-camu.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Myrciaria dubia; macro e micronutrientes; ácido ascórbico; biometria de frutos

Fertilization	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Fertilization	^{_______________________________________} g kg^{-1 _______________________________________}
No fertilization	18.7	1.4	7.1	4.1	1.5	1.3
Filter cake every two months	18.0	1.1	4.8	3.2	1.2	1.0
Filter cake every four months	20.3	1.1	5.1	4.9	1.5	1.0
Compost⁽¹⁾ (1) Mixture of sugarcane bagasse ash, filter cake and guarana seed husk in equal proportions; every four months	13.7	1.3	5.5	4.5	1.5	1.2
Filter cake + compost every two months	18.9	1.3	6.5	4.2	1.2	1.2
Filter cake + compost every four months	16.9	1.1	4.7	3.7	1.5	0.9
Mineral⁽²⁾ (2) N-P2O5-K2O. every four months	22.4	1.6	8.4	4.3	1.3	1.5
Mineral + filter cake every four months	20.0	1.3	6.8	5.0	1.2	1.3
Mineral + compost every four months	21.0	1.6	8.0	3.7	1.2	1.2
Mineral + filter cake + compost every four months	21.0	1.5	7.9	4.1	0.9	1.4

Fertilization	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Fertilization	^{_________________________________________} mg kg^{-1 _________________________________________}
No fertilization	100.9	4.6	128.1	72.0	16.7
Filter cake every two months	94.9	3.1	65.7	104.6	13.9
Filter cake every four months	82.4	2.8	61.1	156.2	13.3
Compost⁽¹⁾ (1) Mixture of sugarcane bagasse ash, filter cake and guarana seed husk in equal proportions; every four months	78.5	4.6	65.5	117.2	14.9
Filter cake + compost every two months	89.8	3.8	55.3	142.7	14.8
Filter cake + compost every four months	50.5	2.3	64.4	179.4	12.5
Mineral⁽²⁾ (2) N-P2O5-K2O. every four months	65.7	6.0	68.6	134.4	21.0
Mineral + filter cake every four months	106.6	3.5	56.1	388.8	17.4
Mineral + compost every four months	32.9	4.4	82.2	185.4	19.4
Mineral + filter cake + compost every four months	104.2	4.2	67.1	221.9	17.4

Fertilization	Fruit yield^* * Distinct lowercase letters in the columns for each variable differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability; (g plant^-1)	Number of fruit- bearing plants^* * Distinct lowercase letters in the columns for each variable differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability; (%)	Average pulp + skin weight^* * Distinct lowercase letters in the columns for each variable differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability; (g)	Pulp + skin yield^ns ns no significant difference (%)
No fertilization	61 ab	11 d	5.72 ab	75.86
Filter cake every two months	157 ab	30 abc	5.86 ab	76.00
Filter cake every four months	274 a	34 ab	6.52 a	77.07
Compost⁽¹⁾ (1) Mixture of sugarcane bagasse ash, filter cake and guarana seed husk in equal proportions every four months	152 ab	23 abcd	6.55 ab	73.59
Filter cake + compost every two months	123 ab	36 a	5.55 ab	75.51
Filter cake + compost every four months	288 a	36 a	6.92 a	77.67
Mineral⁽²⁾ (2) N-P2O5-K2O. every four months	26 b	16 cd	4.02 b	71.78
Mineral + filter cake every four months	12 ab	20 abcd	4.73 b	73.79
Mineral + compost every four months	88 ab	29 abc	5.29 b	75.03
Mineral + filter cake + compost every four months	41 b	19 bcd	4.10 b	72.06
Coefficient of variation (%)	56.41	26.91	23.74	32.45

Fertilization	pH	C	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al		SB
Fertilization	(H₂O)	g dm^-3	^_____ mg dm^{-3 _____}		^{____________________} cmol_c dm^{-3 ____________________}
No fertilization	4.8	18.8	24	97	0.5	0.3	0.4	8.9	1.1
Filter cake every two months	5.2	23.2	31	121	1.5	0.3	0.1	8.5	2.2
Filter cake every four months	5.1	25.0	25	77	1.4	0.3	0.2	8.9	1.9
Compost⁽¹⁾ (1) Mixture of sugarcane bagasse ash, filter cake and guarana seed husk in equal proportions; every four months	4.7	24.4	7	35	0.6	0.3	0.7	11.1	1.0
Filter cake + compost every two months	5.1	27.0	23	95	1.4	0.3	0.3	10.1	2.0
Filter cake + compost every four months	4.0	23.8	92	290	0.6	0.2	1.0	13.2	1.6
Mineral⁽²⁾ (2) N-P2O5-K2O. every four months	4.4	19.7	141	530	0.8	0.2	0.5	12.0	2.4
Mineral + filter cake every four months	4.9	22.6	138	54	1.2	0.2	0.2	11.4	1.6
Mineral + compost every four months	5.2	25.6	22	58	1.6	0.5	0.1	9.7	2.3
Mineral + filter cake + compost every four months	4.4	27.2	61	450	1.1	0.2	0.5	14.1	2.5

Fertilization	Fruit weight^* * Distinct lowercase letters in the column for each variable differ by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability; (g)	Fruit diameter^* * Distinct lowercase letters in the column for each variable differ by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability; (cm)	Fruit height^* * Distinct lowercase letters in the column for each variable differ by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability; (cm)	Soluble solids^ns ns no significant difference (ºBrix)	pH^ns ns no significant difference
No fertilization	7.54 ab	2.32 ab	2.16 ab	7.27	2.55
Filter cake every two months	7.71 ab	2.34 ab	2.17 ab	7.26	2.52
Filter cake every four months	8.46 ab	2.42 ab	2.25 ab	6.68	2.51
Compost⁽¹⁾ (1) Mixture of sugarcane bagasse ash, filter cake and guarana seed husk in equal proportions; every four months	8.49 ab	2.42 ab	2.25 ab	6.08	2.55
Filter cake + compost every two months	7.35 ab	2.30 ab	2.14 ab	6.80	2.49
Filter cake + compost every four months	8.91 a	2.47 a	2.30 a	7.13	2.61
Mineral⁽²⁾ (2) N-P2O5-K2O. every four months	5.60 b	2.11 b	2.00 b	6.79	2.59
Mineral + filter cake every four months	6.41 b	2.19 b	2.04 b	6.76	2.67
Mineral + compost every four months	7.05 b	2.26 ab	2.11 ab	6.05	2.56
Mineral + filter cake + compost every four months	5.69 b	2.11 b	2.00 b	7.24	2.62
Coefficient of variation (%)	24.31	6.10	5.81	9.81	3.13

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
Mixture of sugarcane bagasse ash, filter cake and guarana seed husk in equal proportions;

[TFN2] ⁽²⁾
N-P₂O₅-K₂O.