Soil carbon and physical-mechanical properties after successive applications of swine and poultry organic waste

Freitas, José Alcides Soares de; Silva, Vanderlei Rodrigues da; Luz, Felipe Bonini da; Kaiser, Douglas Rodrigo; Zwirtes, Anderson Luiz

doi:10.1590/1983-40632018v4852412

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 48 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4852412 copy

Soil carbon and physical-mechanical properties after successive applications of swine and poultry organic waste

Propriedades físico-mecânicas e carbono do solo após aplicações sucessivas de resíduos orgânicos de aves e suínos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In agricultural crops, the use of swine and poultry waste as organic fertilizers results in gains in the productivity and reduction of production costs, but it may also change the physical properties and mechanical behavior of the soil, either increasing or reducing its quality. This study aimed to investigate the influence of applying increasing doses of liquid swine manure (160 m³ ha^-1 year^-1, 320 m³ ha^-1 year^-1 and 480 m³ ha^-1 year^-1) and poultry litter (6 Mg ha^-1 year^-1, 12 Mg ha^-1 year^-1 and 18 Mg ha^-1 year^-1), along four years, on the physical-mechanical properties and organic carbon content of a very clayey Rhodic Eutrudox. The application of liquid swine manure and poultry litter increased the surface soil organic carbon contents. The soil density decreased, whereas the total porosity and macroporosity increased, with the addition of liquid swine manure and poultry litter. There were no significant changes in the soil susceptibility to compaction.

KEYWORDS:
Organic fertilization; soil physical quality; organic matter

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean	CV (%)
Layer	^{_______________________________________} Total organic carbon (g kg^-1) ^{_______________________________________}							Mean	CV (%)
0.00-0.05 m	19.69 b^* * Means in the layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.	23.68 ab	28.42 a	27.82 a	24.95 ab	24.23 ab	24.77 ab	25.65	13.63
0.05-0.10 m	21.91 ab	21.00 ab	18.29 b	22.16 ab	25.51 a	20.96 ab	21.81 ab	21.62	11.14
0.10-0.20 m	12.79^ns ns not significant.	11.72	10.04	15.07	12.19	11.39	12.41	12.14	24.82
Mean	18.13	18.80	18.92	21.68	20.88	18.86	19.66	-	-

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Soil density (Mg m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	1.28 a^* * Means in the same layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.	1.22 ab	1.26 ab	1.20 b	1.26 ab	1.23 ab	1.22 ab	5.67
0.05-0.10 m	1.26^ns ns not significant.	1.26	1.26	1.28	1.23	1.27	1.29	5.07
0.10-0.20 m	1.28^ns ns not significant.	1.27	1.26	1.31	1.26	1.25	1.27	5.49
Layer	^{______________________________________________} Maximum density (Mg m^-3) ^{______________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	1.52^ns ns not significant.	1.45	1.50	1.49	1.48	1.50	1.48	3.79
0.05-0.10 m	1.50 ab	1.50 ab	1.52 ab	1.54 a	1.48 b	1.49 ab	1.54 a	2.23
0.10-0.20 m	1.50 ab	1.50 ab	1.47 b	1.54 a	1.49 ab	1.50 ab	1.48 ab	2.75
Layer	^{____________________________________} Relative density or degree of compaction ^{____________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.84^ns ns not significant.	0.84	0.84	0.81	0.85	0.82	0.82	2.89
0.05-0.10 m	0.84^ns ns not significant.	0.84	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.85	0.84	3.13
0.10-0.20 m	0.85^ns ns not significant.	0.85	0.86	0.85	0.85	0.83	0.86	3.42

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Total porosity (m³ m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.54 b^* * Means in the same layer followed by different letters differ among themselves by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.	0.56 ab	0.55 ab	0.57 a	0.55 ab	0.56 ab	0.56 ab	4.50
0.05-0.10 m	0.55^ns ns not significant.	0.55	0.55	0.54	0.56	0.55	0.54	4.16
0.10-0.20 m	0.54^ns ns not significant.	0.55	0.55	0.53	0.55	0.55	0.55	4.54
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Microporosity (m³ m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.45^ns ns not significant.	0.45	0.45	0.44	0.45	0.45	0.45	4.31
0.05-0.10 m	0.44 ab	0.44 ab	0.44 ab	0.43 b	0.44 ab	0.45 a	0.44 ab	4.19
0.10-0.20 m	0.45^ns ns not significant.	0.44	0.45	0.44	0.44	0.45	0.44	4.90
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Macroporosity (m³ m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.09 b	0.11 ab	0.10 ab	0.13 a	0.10 ab	0.11 ab	0.11 ab	29.70
0.05-0.10 m	0.11^ns ns not significant.	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.10	30.01
0.10-0.20 m	0.09^ns ns not significant.	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.10	0.11	38.58

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean
Layer	^{_____________________________________} Gravimetric water content (kg kg^-1) ^{____________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.36^ns ns not significant.	0.37	0.36	0.37	0.36	0.37	0.37	7.58
0.05-0.10 m	0.35 ab^* * Means in the layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at a 0.05 significance level.	0.36 ab	0.35 ab	0.34 b	0.36 a	0.35 ab	0.35 ab	6.16
0.10-0.20 m	0.35 ab	0.35 ab	0.36 a	0.33 b	0.35 ab	0.36 a	0.35 ab	5.15
Layer	^{___________________________________________} Preconsolidation pressure (kPa) ^{___________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	196.52^ns ns not significant.	149.69	180.28	174.06	164.53	144.01	141.62	37.27
0.05-0.10 m	101.93^ns ns not significant.	128.50	110.67	166.05	108.64	81.46	140.41	45.57
0.10-0.20 m	111.79^ns ns not significant.	96.14	88.35	160.23	69.28	72.28	76.09	58.60
Layer	^{___________________________________________________} Compression ratio ^{___________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.26^ns ns not significant.	0.27	0.28	0.31	0.26	0.27	0.29	17.05
0.05-0.10 m	0.21 ab	0.18 b	0.22 ab	0.24 ab	0.28 a	0.18 b	0.21 b	21.80
0.10-0.20 m	0.17^ns ns not significant.	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.20	20.10

	GWC	SD	MD	RD	TP	MICRO	MACRO	TOC
PCP	-0.438^ significant at 1 %;	0.549^ significant at 1 %;	0.448^ significant at 1 %;	0.320^* * Significant at 5 %;	-0.528^ significant at 1 %;	-0.062^ns ns not significant; GWC = gravimetric water content; SD = soil density; MD = maximum density; RD = relative density; TP = total porosity; MICRO = microporosity; MACRO = macroporosity; TOC = total organic carbon; PCP = preconsolidation pressure; CR = compression ratio.	-0.337^* * Significant at 5 %;	0.261^* * Significant at 5 %;
CR	0.196^ns ns not significant; GWC = gravimetric water content; SD = soil density; MD = maximum density; RD = relative density; TP = total porosity; MICRO = microporosity; MACRO = macroporosity; TOC = total organic carbon; PCP = preconsolidation pressure; CR = compression ratio.	-0.486^ significant at 1 %;	0.06^ns ns not significant; GWC = gravimetric water content; SD = soil density; MD = maximum density; RD = relative density; TP = total porosity; MICRO = microporosity; MACRO = macroporosity; TOC = total organic carbon; PCP = preconsolidation pressure; CR = compression ratio.	-0.748^ significant at 1 %;	0.492^ significant at 1 %;	-0.328^* * Significant at 5 %;	0.593^ significant at 1 %;	0.524^* * Significant at 5 %;

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[TFN1] ^*
Means in the layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.

[TFN2] ^ns
not significant.