Propriedades físico-mecânicas e carbono do solo após aplicações sucessivas de resíduos orgânicos de aves e suínos

Freitas, José Alcides Soares de; Silva, Vanderlei Rodrigues da; Luz, Felipe Bonini da; Kaiser, Douglas Rodrigo; Zwirtes, Anderson Luiz

doi:10.1590/1983-40632018v4852412

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 48 (4) • Oct-Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4852412 copiar

Propriedades físico-mecânicas e carbono do solo após aplicações sucessivas de resíduos orgânicos de aves e suínos

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A adubação orgânica das culturas agrícolas com resíduos oriundos da suinocultura e da avicultura resulta em ganhos de produtividade e redução nos custos de produção, porém, pode alterar as propriedades físicas e o comportamento mecânico do solo, aumentando ou reduzindo a sua qualidade. Objetivou-se investigar a influência da aplicação superficial de doses crescentes de dejetos líquidos de suínos (160 m³ ha^-1 ano^-1, 320 m³ ha^-1 ano^-1 e 480 m³ ha^-1 ano^-1) e de cama de aviário (6 Mg ha^-1 ano^-1, 12 Mg ha^-1 ano^-1 e 18 Mg ha^-1 ano^-1), ao longo de quatro anos, sobre as propriedades físico-mecânicas e carbono orgânico de um Latossolo Vermelho muito argiloso. As aplicações de dejeto líquido de suínos e de cama de aves aumentaram os teores superficiais de carbono orgânico do solo. A densidade do solo reduziu-se, enquanto a porosidade total e a macroporosidade aumentaram, em função das adições de dejeto líquido de suínos e de cama de aves. Não houve alterações significativas na suscetibilidade do solo à compactação.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Adubação orgânica; qualidade física do solo; matéria orgânica

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean	CV (%)
Layer	^{_______________________________________} Total organic carbon (g kg^-1) ^{_______________________________________}							Mean	CV (%)
0.00-0.05 m	19.69 b^* * Means in the layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.	23.68 ab	28.42 a	27.82 a	24.95 ab	24.23 ab	24.77 ab	25.65	13.63
0.05-0.10 m	21.91 ab	21.00 ab	18.29 b	22.16 ab	25.51 a	20.96 ab	21.81 ab	21.62	11.14
0.10-0.20 m	12.79^ns ns not significant.	11.72	10.04	15.07	12.19	11.39	12.41	12.14	24.82
Mean	18.13	18.80	18.92	21.68	20.88	18.86	19.66	-	-

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Soil density (Mg m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	1.28 a^* * Means in the same layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.	1.22 ab	1.26 ab	1.20 b	1.26 ab	1.23 ab	1.22 ab	5.67
0.05-0.10 m	1.26^ns ns not significant.	1.26	1.26	1.28	1.23	1.27	1.29	5.07
0.10-0.20 m	1.28^ns ns not significant.	1.27	1.26	1.31	1.26	1.25	1.27	5.49
Layer	^{______________________________________________} Maximum density (Mg m^-3) ^{______________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	1.52^ns ns not significant.	1.45	1.50	1.49	1.48	1.50	1.48	3.79
0.05-0.10 m	1.50 ab	1.50 ab	1.52 ab	1.54 a	1.48 b	1.49 ab	1.54 a	2.23
0.10-0.20 m	1.50 ab	1.50 ab	1.47 b	1.54 a	1.49 ab	1.50 ab	1.48 ab	2.75
Layer	^{____________________________________} Relative density or degree of compaction ^{____________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.84^ns ns not significant.	0.84	0.84	0.81	0.85	0.82	0.82	2.89
0.05-0.10 m	0.84^ns ns not significant.	0.84	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.85	0.84	3.13
0.10-0.20 m	0.85^ns ns not significant.	0.85	0.86	0.85	0.85	0.83	0.86	3.42

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Total porosity (m³ m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.54 b^* * Means in the same layer followed by different letters differ among themselves by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.	0.56 ab	0.55 ab	0.57 a	0.55 ab	0.56 ab	0.56 ab	4.50
0.05-0.10 m	0.55^ns ns not significant.	0.55	0.55	0.54	0.56	0.55	0.54	4.16
0.10-0.20 m	0.54^ns ns not significant.	0.55	0.55	0.53	0.55	0.55	0.55	4.54
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Microporosity (m³ m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.45^ns ns not significant.	0.45	0.45	0.44	0.45	0.45	0.45	4.31
0.05-0.10 m	0.44 ab	0.44 ab	0.44 ab	0.43 b	0.44 ab	0.45 a	0.44 ab	4.19
0.10-0.20 m	0.45^ns ns not significant.	0.44	0.45	0.44	0.44	0.45	0.44	4.90
Layer	^{_________________________________________________} Macroporosity (m³ m^-3) ^{_________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.09 b	0.11 ab	0.10 ab	0.13 a	0.10 ab	0.11 ab	0.11 ab	29.70
0.05-0.10 m	0.11^ns ns not significant.	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.10	30.01
0.10-0.20 m	0.09^ns ns not significant.	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.10	0.11	38.58

Layer	Control	LSM160	LSM320	LSM480	PL6	PL12	PL18	Mean
Layer	^{_____________________________________} Gravimetric water content (kg kg^-1) ^{____________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.36^ns ns not significant.	0.37	0.36	0.37	0.36	0.37	0.37	7.58
0.05-0.10 m	0.35 ab^* * Means in the layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at a 0.05 significance level.	0.36 ab	0.35 ab	0.34 b	0.36 a	0.35 ab	0.35 ab	6.16
0.10-0.20 m	0.35 ab	0.35 ab	0.36 a	0.33 b	0.35 ab	0.36 a	0.35 ab	5.15
Layer	^{___________________________________________} Preconsolidation pressure (kPa) ^{___________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	196.52^ns ns not significant.	149.69	180.28	174.06	164.53	144.01	141.62	37.27
0.05-0.10 m	101.93^ns ns not significant.	128.50	110.67	166.05	108.64	81.46	140.41	45.57
0.10-0.20 m	111.79^ns ns not significant.	96.14	88.35	160.23	69.28	72.28	76.09	58.60
Layer	^{___________________________________________________} Compression ratio ^{___________________________________________________}							Mean
0.00-0.05 m	0.26^ns ns not significant.	0.27	0.28	0.31	0.26	0.27	0.29	17.05
0.05-0.10 m	0.21 ab	0.18 b	0.22 ab	0.24 ab	0.28 a	0.18 b	0.21 b	21.80
0.10-0.20 m	0.17^ns ns not significant.	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.20	20.10

	GWC	SD	MD	RD	TP	MICRO	MACRO	TOC
PCP	-0.438^ significant at 1 %;	0.549^ significant at 1 %;	0.448^ significant at 1 %;	0.320^* * Significant at 5 %;	-0.528^ significant at 1 %;	-0.062^ns ns not significant; GWC = gravimetric water content; SD = soil density; MD = maximum density; RD = relative density; TP = total porosity; MICRO = microporosity; MACRO = macroporosity; TOC = total organic carbon; PCP = preconsolidation pressure; CR = compression ratio.	-0.337^* * Significant at 5 %;	0.261^* * Significant at 5 %;
CR	0.196^ns ns not significant; GWC = gravimetric water content; SD = soil density; MD = maximum density; RD = relative density; TP = total porosity; MICRO = microporosity; MACRO = macroporosity; TOC = total organic carbon; PCP = preconsolidation pressure; CR = compression ratio.	-0.486^ significant at 1 %;	0.06^ns ns not significant; GWC = gravimetric water content; SD = soil density; MD = maximum density; RD = relative density; TP = total porosity; MICRO = microporosity; MACRO = macroporosity; TOC = total organic carbon; PCP = preconsolidation pressure; CR = compression ratio.	-0.748^ significant at 1 %;	0.492^ significant at 1 %;	-0.328^* * Significant at 5 %;	0.593^ significant at 1 %;	0.524^* * Significant at 5 %;

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[TFN1] ^*
Means in the layer followed by different letters differ from each other by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance.

[TFN2] ^ns
not significant.