Silicon accumulation and its effect on agricultural traits and anthracnose incidence in lignocellulosic sorghum

Lima, Diego Tolentino de; Sampaio, Marcus Vinicius; Albuquerque, Carlos Juliano Brant; Pereira, Hamilton Seron; Martins, Weslei Geraldo

doi:10.1590/1983-40632019v4954201

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 49 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632019v4954201 copy

Silicon accumulation and its effect on agricultural traits and anthracnose incidence in lignocellulosic sorghum

Acúmulo de silício e seu efeito sobre características agronômicas e incidência de antracnose em sorgo lignocelulósico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Silicon (Si) accumulation in plants may reduce yield losses by inducing resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the Si accumulation by lignocellulosic sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in a greenhouse experiment, as well as the effect of its application on agricultural traits and on the induction of resistance against anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) in a field experiment. Sixteen sorghum genotypes were evaluated in a greenhouse for their response to silicate fertilization, receiving either 0 kg ha^-1 or 261 kg ha^-1 of Si, measuring the Si concentration in the sorghum shoots. Four genotypes that were responsive to Si fertilization were tested in the field, receiving either 0 kg ha^-1 or 400 kg ha^-1 of Si, being evaluated the Si concentration on the leaves, plant height, lodging percentage, anthracnose disease severity, grain yield and plant fresh and dry matter. The response of sorghum to Si fertilization in the greenhouse varied with the genotype and, of the 16 genotypes evaluated, 12 were responsive, accumulating more Si after the fertilization with this element. All four genotypes tested in the field were responsive, but no effect of Si was observed on grain yield or on sorghum fresh and dry matter production. However, the soil Si application reduced the plant lodging and anthracnose severity ratings in sorghum.

KEYWORDS:
Colletotrichum sublineolum; Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.; silicate fertilization

Genotypes	With Si	Without Si
LE284	2.10 ± 0.16 Aa^* * Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns and lower case in the rows are different by the Scott-Knott (p = 0.05) and F (p = 0.05) tests, respectively. CV = coefficient of variation.	1.36 ± 0.17 Bb
LE296	1.57 ± 0.25 Ba	1.95 ± 0.07 Aa
LE280	1.80 ± 0.13 Ba	1.78 ± 0.02 Aa
LE277	2.28 ± 0.13 Aa	1.72 ± 0.08 Ab
LE272	1.69 ± 0.12 Ba	1.82 ± 0.01 Aa
IPA46742	2.11 ± 0.21 Aa	1.83 ± 0.07 Aa
CF15	1.93 ± 0.12 Ba	1.37 ± 0.32 Bb
LE294	1.95 ± 0.02 Ba	0.89 ± 0.12 Cb
LE299	1.85 ± 0.13 Ba	0.93 ± 0.09 Cb
LE300	1.74 ± 0.01 Ba	0.91 ± 0.14 Cb
LE270	1.83 ± 0.16 Ba	0.82 ± 0.04 Cb
LE263	2.30 ± 0.08 Aa	1.10 ± 0.12 Bb
LE268	2.24 ± 0.26 Aa	0.78 ± 0.04 Cb
LE276	2.28 ± 0.12 Aa	0.98 ± 0.23 Cb
LE271	1.92 ± 0.06 Ba	1.21 ± 0.12 Bb
LE303	2.26 ± 0.15 A a	1.29 ± 0.25 Bb
CV (%) = 15.52

Sowing date	Genotype	Si dose (kg ha^-1)		Average ± SE
Sowing date	Genotype	0	400	Average ± SE
First	LE268	0.67 ± 0.08	0.94 ± 0.14	0.93 ± 0.05 A
	LE276	0.85 ± 0.03	1.21 ± 0.23
	LE270	0.79 ± 0.10	1.02 ± 0.16
	LE299	0.93 ± 0.13	1.02 ± 0.13
	Average	0.81 ± 0.05	1.05 ± 0.08
Second	LE268	0.48 ± 0.07	0.54 ± 0.07	0.56 ± 0.04 B
	LE276	0.62 ± 0.07	0,69 ± 0.23
	LE270	0.44 ± 0.04	0.44 ± 0.02
	LE299	0.59 ± 0.06	0.70 ± 0.14
	Average	0.53 ± 0.03	0.59 ± 0.07
General average		0.67 ± 0.03 b^* * Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns are different by the Tukey test (p = 0.05), while the lower case ones in the rows are different by the F test (p = 0.05).	0.82 ± 0.05 a

Variable	Genotypes	Si dose (kg ha^-1)		Average
Variable	Genotypes	0	400
Lodging(%)	LE268	4.00 ± 1.69	1.50 ± 0.73	2.75 ± 0.95 a
	LE276	3.14 ± 1.03	1.50 ± 1.50	2.32 ± 0.90 a
	LE270	4.00 ± 2.00	1.50 ± 0.73	2.75 ± 1.08 a
	LE299	1.50 ± 1.05	1.50 ± 1.05	1.50 ± 0.72 a
	Average	3.16 ± 0.74 A^* * Averages followed by different capital letters in the rows and lower case in the columns are different by the F (p = 0.05) and Tukey (p = 0.05) tests, respectively.	1.50 ± 0.50 B
Height(cm)	LE268	105.63 ± 5.63 cA	109.38 ± 6.37 dA
	LE276	182.05 ± 16.96 aA	181.88 ± 15.00 aA
	LE270	130.00 ± 10.98 bA	130.38 ± 12.20 cA
	LE299	129.38 ± 11.24 bB	147.50 ± 8.66 bA
Anthracnose (rating)	LE268	3.50 ± 0.19	3.38 ± 0.18	3.44 ± 0.13 a
	LE276	2.10 ± 0.34	1.88 ± 0.30	1.99 ± 0.22 c
	LE270	2.88 ± 0.23	2.75 ± 0.25	2.81 ± 0.16 b
	LE299	3.25 ± 0.25	2.63 ± 0.18	2.94 ± 0.17 b
	Average	2.93 ± 0.16 A	2.66 ± 0.15 B

Variable	Genotypes	Sowing date
Variable	Genotypes	First	Second
Fresh matter (Mg ha^-1)	LE268	58.64 ± 3.49 dA^* * Averages followed by different capital letters in the rows and lower case in the columns are different by the F (p = 0.05) and Tukey (p = 0.05) tests, respectively.	43.95 ± 1.51 bB
	LE276	185.84 ± 5.42 aA	62.38 ± 5.41 aB
	LE270	157.25 ± 3.51 bA	59.75 ± 3.35 aB
	LE299	78.34 ± 2.88 cA	49.05 ± 4.78 abB
Dry matter (Mg ha^-1)	LE268	18.73 ± 1.03 cA	14.77 ± 0.47 bB
	LE276	54.80 ± 2.09 aA	20.78 ± 1.78 aB
	LE270	54.21 ± 1.03 aA	19.65 ± 1.13 abB
	LE299	27.33 ± 0.99 bA	16.27 ± 1.37 abB
Grain yield (Mg ha^-1)	LE268	4.43 ± 0.20 bA	0.29 ± 0.03 aB
	LE276	6.21 ± 0.12 aA	0.34 ± 0.03 aB
	LE270	3.38 ± 0.36 cA	0.48 ± 0.05 aB
	LE299	4.75 ± 0.25 bA	0.45 ± 0.10 aB

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[TFN1] ^*
Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns and lower case in the rows are different by the Scott-Knott (p = 0.05) and F (p = 0.05) tests, respectively. CV = coefficient of variation.