Effect of spacing and cutting on pigeon pea development under subtropical conditions

Azevedo, Gláucia Santos Dias; Cazetta, Jairo Osvaldo; Meireles, Rubens de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/1983-40632023v5373787

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 53 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632023v5373787 copy

Effect of spacing and cutting on pigeon pea development under subtropical conditions

Efeito do espaçamento e corte no desenvolvimento de guandu sob condições subtropicais

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Depending on the purpose of its cultivation, pigeon pea can be grown under different spacings and cuts, since it quickly resprouts. This study aimed to assess the pigeon pea growth, forage production and quality, considering two spacings and one cut. A field experiment using a completely randomized design, with three treatments [1.0 × 0.2 m spacing (between rows and plants, respectively), without cuts; 0.5 × 0.1 m, without cuts; and 0.5 × 0.1 m, with cut at 90 days after emergence (DAE)], was carried out. The spacings did not affect the plant height. The 0.5 × 0.1 m spacing showed an individual plant growth worse, but a forage yield (kg ha^-1) higher than the 1.0 × 0.2 m treatment, from 120 to 180 DAE. The 0.5 × 0.1 m spacing was more advantageous than the 1.0 × 0.2 m, with the highest forage yield obtained by harvesting at 150 DAE. It is better to harvest the forage at 90 DAE and harvest it again at 180 DAE than maintaining a continuous plant growth and harvest it at 180 DAE. In each sampling date, there was no difference for stem and leaf crude protein and starch content as a function of the treatments. The forage harvested from 90 to 180 DAE showed similar crude protein and starch contents. So, for this period, the forage quality is not a limiting factor for establishing the harvest time.

KEYWORDS:
Cajanus cajan ; plant density; forage production

Treatment^* * MT1: main treatment 1 (1.0 x 0.2 m); MT2: main treatment 2 (0.2 x 0.1 m); MT2 + cut: main treatment 2 with plants cut at a height of 60 cm, at 90 DAE.	Sampling (DAE)
	15	30	60	90	120	150	180
Height (cm)
MT1	14.7 Ae^ Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 % of probability.	42.7Ad	121.0 Bc	190.7 Ab	254.3 Aa	257.3 Aa	257.5 Aa
MT2	14.7 Af	42.0 Ae	128.7 Ad	194.7 Ac	251.7 Ab	259.0 Aa	260.7 Aa
MT2 + cut	15.0 Ag	41.7 Af	129.7 Ab	193.7 Aa	77.0 Be	86.3 Bd	99.7 Bc
CV treatments = 4.30 %				CV samplings = 1.77 %
Number of leaves per plant
MT1	6.0 Ae	16.3 Ae	96.3 Ad	188.0 Ac	287.3 Ab	351.7 Aa	79.0 Bd
MT2	5.7 Ad	14.0 Ad	59.3 Bc	89.7 Bb	143.0 Ba	152.3 Ba	85.7 Bbc
MT2 + cut	5.3 Ac	14.3 Ac	60.7 Bb	78.7 Bb	68.3 Cb	75.7 Cb	113.3 Aa
CV treatments = 19.77 %				CV samplings = 11.56 %
Leaf area per plant (cm²)
MT1	52.3 Ae	239.7 Ae	588.7 Ad	5172.0 Aa	12,796.3 Ab	9,884.0 Ac	1,842.7 Ad
MT2	51.3 Ad	215.3 Ad	1921.0 Ac	6573.0 Ba	5,211.7 Ba	3,611.7 Bb	992.7 Acd
MT2 + cut	52.7 Ad	204.3 Ad	1863.0 Ab	6876.7 Ba	418.3 Ccd	1,020.0 Cbcd	1,789.7 Abc
CV treatments = 18.32 %				CV samplings = 15.93 %

Treatment^* * MT1: main treatment 1 (1.0 × 0.2 m); MT2: main treatment 2 (0.2 × 0.1 m); MT2 + cut: main treatment 2 with plants cut at a height of 60 cm, at 90 DAE; MT2 + cut/ac: cumulative value in the main treatment 2 with plants cut at 60 cm, at 90 DAE.	Sampling (DAE)
	15	30	60	90	120	150	180
Stems (g plant^-1)
MT1	0.12 Ad^ Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 % of probability.	0.81 Ad	13.63 Ad	86.02 Ac	125.90 Ab	181.75 Aa	168.86 Aa
MT2	0.12 Ac	0.77 Ac	12.17 Ac	41.01 Bb	53.82 Bab	75.25 Ba	69.27 Ba
MT2 + cut	0.12 Ab	0.71 Ab	10.20 Abc	40.12 Ba	14.67 Cbc	17.03 Cabc	23.55 Cab
MT2 + cut/ac	0.12 Ac	0.71 Ac	10.20 Ac	40.12 Bb	54.79 Bab	57.15 Bab	63.67 Ba
CV treatments = 21.94 %				CV samplings = 20.42 %
Leaves (g plant^-1)
MT1	0.32 Ad	1.45 Ad	15.31 Ac	65.63 Aa	62.95 Aab	56.68 Ab	10.57 Bc
MT2	0.28 Ac	1.30 Ac	11.36 Ab	27.88 Ba	25.26 Ba	20.42 Ca	5.61 Cbc
MT2 + cut	0.32 Ad	1.23 Acd	11.02 Ab	29.17 Ba	2.03 Ccd	4.93 Cbcd	8.64 Cbc
MT2 + cut/ac	0.32 Ad	1.23 Ad	11.02 Ac	29.17 Bb	31.20 Bab	34.09 Bab	37.81 Aa
CV treatments = 19.75 %				CV samplings = 17.04 %
Shoots: stems + leaves (g plant^-1)
MT1	0.44 Ad	2.26 Ad	28.94 Ad	151.65 Ac	188.86 Ab	238.43 Aa	179.43 Abc
MT2	0.40 Ab	2.07 Ab	23.53 Ab	68.89 Ba	79.08 Ba	95.68 Ba	74.88 Ca
MT2 + cut	0.44 Ac	1.95 Ac	21.22 Abc	69.29 Ba	16.70 Cbc	21.96 Cbc	32.20 Db
MT2 + cut/ac	0.44 Ac	1.95 Ac	21.22 Ac	69.29 Bb	85.99 Bab	91.25 Bab	101.48 Ba
CV treatments = 20.12 %				CV samplings = 18.57 %

Treatment^* * MT1: main treatment 1 (1.0 × 0.2 m); MT2: main treatment 2 (0.2 × 0.1 m); MT2 + cut: main treatment 2 with plants cut at a height of 60 cm, at 90 DAE; MT2 + cut/ac: cumulative value in the main treatment 2 with plants cut at 60 cm, at 90 DAE.	Sampling (DAE)
	15	30	60	90	120	150	180
Stems (kg ha^-1)
MT1	5.9 Ad^ Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 % of probability.	40.7 Ad	681.5 Bd	4,300.9 Bc	6,295.2 Bb	9,087.7 Ba	8,443.0 Ba
MT2	23.7 Ae	153.2 Ae	2,434.2 Ad	8,202.0 Ac	10,763.1 Ab	15,050.7 Aa	13,853.2 Aa
MT2 + cut	23.6 Ad	142.9 Ad	2,039.1 Ac	8,023.7 Aa	2,934.0 Cc	3,407.1 Cbc	4,710.7 Cb
MT2 + cut/ac	23.6 Ae	142.9 Ae	2,039.1 Ad	8,023.7 Ac	10,957.7 Ab	11,430.7 Bab	12,734.4 Aa
CV treatments = 8.39 %				CV samplings = 12.49 %
Leaves (kg ha^-1)
MT1	16.1 Ac	72.4 Ac	765.5 Ab	3,281.4 Ba	3,147.7 Ca	2,883.8 Ca	528.4 Dbc
MT2	56.6 Ae	259.9 Ae	2,272.2 Ac	5,575.7 Aa	5,052.1 Ba	4,084.4 Bb	1,122.5 Cd
MT2 + cut	64.7 Ad	246.7 Ad	2,203.9 Ab	5,833.5 Aa	406.1 Dcd	985.1 Dc	1,728.5 Bb
MT2 + cut/ac	64.7 Ae	246.7 Ae	2,203.9 Ad	5,833.5 Ac	6,239.2 Abc	6,818.7 Ab	7,562.0 Aa
CV treatments = 11.23 %				CV samplings = 12.45 %
Shoots: stems + leaves (kg ha^-1)
MT1	22.1 Ac	113.1 Ac	1,446.9 Bc	7,582.3 Bb	9,442.8 Bb	11,921.5 Ba	8,971.4 Cb
MT2	80.3 Ae	413.1 Ae	4,706.4 Ad	13,777.7 Ac	15,815.1 Ab	19,135.1 Aa	14,975.7 Bbc
MT2 + cut	88.3 Ac	389.7 Ac	4,243.0 Ac	13,857.2 Aab	3,340.1 Cc	4,392.1 Cc	6,439.2 Cb
MT2 + cut/ac	88.3 Ae	389.7 Ae	4,243.0 Ad	13,857.2 Ac	17,197.3 Ab	18,249.3 Aab	20,296.4 Aa
CV treatments = 7.86 %				CV samplings = 11.73 %

Treatment^* * MT1: main treatment 1 (1.0 × 0.2 m); MT2: main treatment 2 (0.2 × 0.1 m); MT2 + cut: main treatment 2 with plants cut at a height of 60 cm, at 90 DAE.	Sampling (DAE)
	15	30	60	90		120	150	180
Stem crude protein content (g kg^-1)
MT1	136.5 Aa^ Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 % of probability.	87.9 Ab	48.7 Ac	51.5 Ac		71.7 Ac	81.7 ABb	71.0 Ac
MT2	139.6 Aa	88.4 Ab	43.1 Ac	64.2 Ac		70.4 Ac	94.0 Abc	76.0 Ac
MT2 + cut	133.5 Aa	78.3 Ab	44.4 Ac	65.4 Ac		88.6 Abc	55.8 Bc	67.7 Ac
CV treatments = 15.71 %				CV samplings = 16.65 %
Leaf crude protein content (g kg^-1)
MT1	326.9 Aa	245.0 Ab	277.3 Aab	277.9 Aab	255.2 Ab		251.5 Bb	259.6 Ab
MT2	324.4 Aa	278.1 Aab	243.1 Ab	259.2 Ab	264.2 Ab		274.6 ABab	254.6 Ab
MT2 + cut	301.9 Aa	249.6 Ab	248.9 Ab	274.6 Aab	246.9 Ab		310.0 Aa	263.2 Aab
CV treatments = 4.75 %				CV samplings = 7.34 %

Treatment^* * MT1: main treatment 1 (1.0 × 0.2 m); MT2: main treatment 2 (0.2 × 0.1 m); MT2 + cut: main treatment 2 with plants cut at a height of 60 cm, at 90 DAE.	Sampling (DAE)
	15	30	60	90		120	150	180
Stem (g kg^-1)
MT1	91.7 Acd^ Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 % of probability.	41.9 Ad	2.6 Abcd		106.3 Abcd	241.2 Aa	248.1 Aa	198.2 Aab
MT2	93.5 Acd	56.4 Ad	157.3 Aabc		104.2 Abcd	242.9 Aa	214.0 Aa	187.8 Aab
MT2 + cut	101.9 Ab	78.8 Ab	166.3 Ab		90.2 Ab	249.7 Aa	214.0 Aa	202.6 Aa
CV treatments = 16.66 %					CV samplings = 23.66 %
Leaves (g kg^-1)
MT1	37.1 Ac	85.4 Abc	76.0 Ac		48.4 Acd	128.2 Aa	122.3 Aab	117.5 Aab
MT2	29.3 Ad	78.4 Abc	53.7 Bcd		40.3 Ad	124.4 Aa	119.1 Aa	110.5 Aab
MT2 + cut	33.6 Ad	74.3 Abc	31.9 Bd		40.0 Acd	133.0 Aa	119.1 Aa	107.1 Aab
CV treatments = 5.66 %					CV samplings = 18.09 %

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[TFN1] ^*
MT1: main treatment 1 (1.0 x 0.2 m); MT2: main treatment 2 (0.2 x 0.1 m); MT2 + cut: main treatment 2 with plants cut at a height of 60 cm, at 90 DAE.

[TFN2] ^**
Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ according to the Tukey test at 5 % of probability.