Agronomic characterization and heterosis in watermelon genotypes

Nascimento, Tiago Lima do; Souza, Flávio de França; Dias, Rita de Cássia Souza; Silva, Edson Ferreira da

doi:10.1590/1983-40632018v4851779

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 48 (2) • Apr-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4851779 copy

Agronomic characterization and heterosis in watermelon genotypes

Caracterização agronômica e heterose em genótipos de melancia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In order to increase the yield of vegetables of agronomic interest, heterosis has been studied in view of the superiority of hybrids, if compared to genotypes obtained by free pollination. This study aimed to estimate the relative heterosis in watermelon hybrids, regarding the most important agronomic traits, in order to develop future cultivars. The genotypes 'JNY', 'ORA', 'KOD', 'SOL', 'CHG', 'PEA' and all hybrids among them were used, totaling 36 treatments. A randomized block design, with three replications and five-plant plots, was used. The genotypes 'ORA', 'SOL', 'CHG' and 'PEA' were promising for the development of watermelon hybrids with higher weight, whereas 'JNY' and 'KOD' provided combinations with lower fruit weight and smaller seeds, indicating their potential for the development of cultivars of the 'ice box' type. The hybrids 'CHG x ORA' and 'ORA x CHG' were promising to meet the market demand for larger fruits, while 'KOD x JNY' and 'JNY x KOD' could be targeted to the market of smaller fruits.

KEYWORDS:
Citrullus lanatus; heterobeltiosis; watermelon hybrids

Genotypes	AFF	FW	NFP	FY	FL/W	SSC	10SW	SW	SL
Genotypes	days	kg	unit	tha^-1	cm	ºBrix	mg	mm	mm
'JNY' (1)	43.0 e^* * Averages followed by the same letter in the column do not differ significantly by the Scott-Knott test at the 0.05 significance level.	4.4 c	2.4 b	38.3 b	1.1 g	9.9 c	20.0 j	3.6 j	5.9 h
'ORA' (2)	43.7 e	5.1 b	1.6 c	44.0 a	1.2 g	8.9 d	83.3 c	7.7 b	11.9 a
'KOD' (3)	43.3 e	3.1 d	2.9 a	24.7 b	1.1 g	9.7 c	33.3 i	4.9 f	7.8 e
'SOL' (4)	33.7 h	4.6 c	3.3 a	35.7 b	1.1 g	10.3 b	50.0 f	5.6 d	8.8 c
'CGH' (5)	43.7 e	7.3 a	2.2 c	59.5 a	1.8 a	8.6 d	100.0 a	8.0 a	12.0 a
'PEA' (6)	48.0 b	5.4 b	3.1 a	26.7 b	1.5 d	11.5 a	40.0 h	5.8 d	8.8 c
1 x 2	44.7 d	4.2 c	2.1 c	41.5 b	1.1 g	9.2 d	30.0 i	4.2 h	6.9 f
2 x 1	43.0 e	5.4 b	1.9 c	58.1 a	1.1 g	9.6 c	30.0 i	4.2 h	7.1 f
1 x 3	46.7 c	3.2 d	2.3 c	34.3 b	1.1 g	8.8 d	20.0 j	3.6 j	6.0 h
3 x 1	44.0 e	2.6 d	2.5 b	27.9 b	1.2 g	9.9 c	20.0 j	3.7 j	5.8 h
1 x 4	43.3 e	3.8 c	2.3 b	39.3 b	1.1 g	10.4 b	30.0 i	4.5 g	7.1 f
4 x 1	42.0 f	5.1 b	2.4 b	52.2 a	1.1 g	9.8 c	23.3 j	4.2 h	7.0 f
1 x 5	45.3 d	5.5 b	2.2 c	52.3 a	1.4 e	8.3 d	26.7 i	4.1 i	6.7 g
5 x 1	43.0 e	5.2 b	1.7 c	47.3 a	1.5 d	10.5 b	30.0 i	4.4 g	6.9 g
1 x 6	45.0 d	5.7 b	2.7 b	48.4 a	1.2 f	11.3 a	20.0 j	4.0 i	6.6 g
6 x 1	44.7 d	5.9 b	2.6 b	65.6 a	1.2 f	10.9 a	23.3 j	4.2 h	6.8 g
2 x 3	42.3 f	5.1 b	2.5 b	48.0 a	1.2 g	9.7 c	56.7 e	6.0 c	9.6 b
3 x 2	43.7 e	4.6 c	2.2 c	45.5 a	1.1 g	9.9 c	30.0 i	4.3 h	6.7 g
2 x 4	40.0 g	5.4 b	2.4 b	47.3 a	1.1 g	10.2 b	53.3 f	6.2 c	9.9 b
4 x 2	42.3 f	5.6 b	2.4 b	51.8 a	1.1 g	10.2 b	60.0 e	6.0 c	9.6 b
2 x 5	46.7 c	6.0 b	2.1 c	49.9 a	1.6 d	9.9 c	76.7 d	7.5 b	11.8 a
5 x 2	44.3 e	6.4 a	2.3 b	52.9 a	1.6 d	9.0 d	90.0 b	7.8 b	12.2 a
2 x 6	48.7 b	5.6 b	1.7 c	42.6 b	1.3 f	11.0 a	50.0 f	5.8 c	9.5 b
6 x 2	45.7 d	5.3 b	2.1 c	47.8 a	1.3 f	10.2 b	43.3 g	6.0 c	9.3 b
3 x 4	43.0 e	3.8 c	1.6 c	33.4 b	1.1 g	9.9 c	30.0 i	4.7 f	7.5 e
4 x 3	42.0 f	4.7 c	1.9 c	38.1 b	1.1 g	9.2 d	46.7 g	5.4 e	9.0 c
3 x 5	48.0 b	4.8 c	2.1 c	39.0 b	1.7 c	10.0 c	30.0 i	4.4 g	7.0 f
5 x 3	41.0 g	5.6 b	2.0 c	50.5 a	1.7 c	9.0 d	30.0 i	4.5 g	7.1 f
3 x 6	52.0 a	4.2 c	2.2 c	32.2 b	1.4 f	9.9 c	40.0 h	5.3 e	8.5 d
6 x 3	45.7 d	5.5 b	2.3 c	48.7 a	1.4 e	10.5 b	40.0 h	5.5 e	8.6 d
4 x 5	47.0 c	6.0 b	2.1c	45.4 a	1.5 d	9.5 c	56.7 e	6.1 c	9.6 b
5 x 4	42.3 f	6.5 a	2.0 c	50.7 a	1.5 d	10.0 c	53.3 f	6.1 c	9.7 b
4 x 6	45.0 d	6.3 a	1.9 c	53.4 a	1.2 g	11.4 a	46.7 g	5.6 d	9.3 b
6 x 4	41.7 f	5.1 b	1.5 c	47.3 a	1.3 f	11.5 a	40.0 h	5.6 d	9.1 c
5 x 6	46.0 c	7.0 a	1.9 c	59.3 a	2.0 a	10.7 b	50.0 f	6.0 c	9.5 b
6 x 5	46.0 c	7.3 a	1.6 c	50.8 a	1.9 b	9.9 c	53.3 f	6.0 c	9.6 b
CV (%)	2.3	14.0	19.2	21.7	4.5	5.5	9.1	2.8	2.5
Mean	44.2	5.2	2.2	45.3	1.3	10.0	43.2	5.3	8.5
Minimum	33.67	2.6	1.6	24.7	1.1	8.3	20.0	3.6	5.9
Maximum	48.0	7.3	3.3	65.6	2.0	11.5	100.0	8.0	12.2

Heterosis/heterobeltiosis (%)
Hybrids^* * 1 = 'JNY'; 2 = 'ORA'; 3 = 'KOD'; 4 = 'SOL'; 5 = 'CHG'; 6 = 'PEA'.	AFF		FW		NFP		FY		FL/W
	Hmp	Hps	Hmp	Hps	Hmp	Hps	Hmp	Hps	Hmp	Hps
1 x 2	3.1	-6.9	-12.1	-43.1	6.7	-36.0	0.8	-30.3	-3.26	-40.39
2 x 1	-0.8	-10.4	14.8	-25.7	-3.3	-42.0	41.2	-2.3	-1.14	-38.75
1 x 3	8.1	-2.8	-12.8	-56.0	-15.0	-32.0	9.0	-42.3	-0.19	-39.71
3 x 1	1.9	-8.3	-31.1	-65.2	-5.0	-24.0	-11.4	-53.1	-20.08	-36.01
1 x 4	13.0	-9.7	-16.0	-48.4	-18.6	-30.0	6.3	-33.9	-32.72	-38.33
4 x 1	9.6	-12.5	12.5	-31.0	-16.3	-28.0	41.2	-12.2	-17.45	-41.00
1 x 5	4.6	-5.6	-5.8	-24.9	-4.4	-34.0	6.9	-12.1	28.01	-22.65
5 x 1	-0.8	-10.4	-11.8	-29.7	-26.1	-49.0	-3.3	-20.5	38.19	-16.02
1 x 6	-1.1	-6.3	17.6	-21.9	-2.4	-19.0	48.9	-18.7	8.11	-32.82
6 x 1	-1.8	-6.9	21.2	-19.4	-6.0	-22.0	101.8	10.2	7.77	-32.29
2 x 3	-2.7	-11.8	25.8	-29.8	11.7	-24.0	39.8	-19.3	8.04	-34.82
3 x 2	0.4	-9.0	12.7	-37.1	-4.4	-35.0	32.3	-23.6	-8.38	-37.54
2 x 4	3.5	-16.7	10.4	-26.4	-2.7	-28.0	18.8	-20.4	-23.40	-38.21
4 x 2	9.5	-11.8	15.2	-23.2	-2.7	-28.0	30.0	-12.9	-19.07	-38.83
2 x 5	6.8	-2.8	-3.5	-18.0	10.5	-37.0	-3.6	-16.1	31.39	-11.38
5 x 2	1.5	-7.6	2.8	-12.6	22.8	-30.0	2.3	-11.0	28.77	-14.44
2 x 6	6.2	1.4	5.7	-24.1	-26.8	-48.0	20.4	-28.4	7.32	-31.51
6 x 2	-0.4	-4.9	0.3	-28.0	-9.9	-36.0	35.4	-19.6	12.81	-29.92
3 x 4	11.7	-10.4	-1.1	-48.1	-48.9	-52.0	10.4	-43.9	-3.02	-40.38
4 x 3	9.1	-12.5	22.3	-35.8	-38.3	-42.0	26.0	-36.0	-17.79	-38.43
3 x 5	10.3	0.0	-8.2	-35.0	-16.9	-36.0	-7.2	-34.4	6.08	-7.61
5 x 3	-5.8	-15.0	8.2	-23.4	-22.1	-40.0	20.0	-15.1	19.68	-7.81
3 x 6	13.9	8.3	0.2	-42.3	-27.5	-34.0	25.4	-45.8	7.33	-25.63
6 x 3	0.0	-4.9	30.5	-24.9	-25.3	-32.0	89.8	-18.1	20.86	-21.62
4 x 5	21.6	-2.1	0.9	-17.6	-25.3	-38.0	-4.6	-23.6	38.03	-16.36
5 x 4	9.5	-11.8	8.0	-11.8	-27.7	-40.0	6.6	-14.7	8.58	-16.41
4 x 6	10.2	-6.3	25.1	-14.4	-42.3	-44.0	71.3	-10.1	-31.10	-36.41
6 x 4	2.0	-13.2	2.3	-30.0	-53.6	-55.0	51.5	-20.5	-14.93	-29.16
5 x 6	1.8	-2.8	9.9	-4.7	-27.5	-42.0	37.6	-0.4	40.10	7.00
6 x 5	0.4	-4.1	14.5	-0.7	-40.0	-52.0	17.8	-14.7	26.20	2.24

Heterosis/Heterobeltiosis (%)
Hybrids^* * 1 = 'JNY'; 2 = 'ORA'; 3 = 'KOD'; 4 = 'SOL'; 5 = 'CHG'; 6 = 'PEA'.	SSC		10SW		SW		SL
	Hmp	Hps	Hmp	Hps	Hmp	Hps	Hmp	Hps
1 x 2	-2.4	-20.3	-41.9	-70.0	-26.2	-48.0	-22.3	-42.0
2 x 1	1.5	-17.1	-41.9	-70.0	-25.0	-47.1	-20.0	-40.3
1 x 3	-10.1	-23.6	-25.0	-80.0	-15.6	-55.1	-11.7	-49.4
3 x 1	0.6	-14.6	-25.0	-80.0	-12.7	-53.6	-15.1	-51.3
1 x 4	3.3	-9.6	-14.3	-70.0	-1.5	-43.4	-3.1	-40.3
4 x 1	-2.8	-14.9	-33.3	-76.7	-8.3	-47.2	-4.7	-41.3
1 x 5	-10.7	-28.3	-55.6	-73.3	-29.8	-49.3	127.6	-43.9
5 x 1	13.6	-8.9	-50.0	-70.0	-24.2	-45.2	133.7	-42.4
1 x 6	5.2	-2.1	-33.3	-80.0	-14.2	-50.0	-10.4	-44.8
6 x 1	1.6	-5.4	-22.2	-76.7	-10.8	-48.0	-8.2	-43.4
2 x 3	4.1	-16.2	-2.9	-43.3	30.9	-24.9	28.2	-19.9
3 x 2	7.0	-13.9	-48.6	-70.0	-6.0	-46.1	-9.4	-43.3
2 x 4	6.5	-11.5	-20.0	-46.7	-2.3	-22.7	0.4	-17.0
4 x 2	6.7	-11.4	-10.0	-40.0	-4.8	-24.7	-3.0	-19.8
2 x 5	12.8	-14.6	-16.4	-23.3	-4.1	-5.8	97.7	-1.2
5 x 2	3.6	-21.5	-1.8	-10.0	-1.2	-2.9	105.0	2.5
2 x 6	7.4	-4.8	-18.9	-50.0	-13.6	-27.2	-8.3	-20.2
6 x 2	0.3	-11.2	-29.7	-56.7	-11.2	-25.2	-10.4	-22.1
3 x 4	-0.7	-14.2	-28.0	-70.0	-11.0	-41.1	-9.3	-36.9
4 x 3	-7.1	-19.8	12.0	-53.3	1.7	-32.7	8.0	-24.8
3 x 5	9.4	-13.6	-55.0	-70.0	-31.8	-44.9	80.5	-41.0
5 x 3	-0.9	-21.7	-55.0	-70.0	-31.1	-44.2	82.1	-40.5
3 x 6	-6.1	-13.7	9.1	-60.0	-0.2	-33.2	2.1	-28.8
6 x 3	-0.7	-8.7	9.1	-60.0	2.6	-31.3	3.2	-28.1
4 x 5	1.3	-17.3	-24.4	-43.3	-11.0	-24.1	118.2	-19.5
5 x 4	6.5	-13.0	-28.9	-46.7	-10.7	-23.8	119.3	-19.0
4 x 6	4.4	-1.4	3.7	-53.3	-0.9	-29.3	5.6	-22.0
6 x 4	5.8	-0.1	-11.1	-60.0	-2.3	-30.3	3.2	-23.7
5 x 6	6.2	-7.5	-28.6	-50.0	-12.0	-24.3	114.7	-20.5
6 x 5	-1.4	-14.1	-23.8	-46.7	-12.5	-24.7	116.3	-20.0

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[TFN1] ^*
Averages followed by the same letter in the column do not differ significantly by the Scott-Knott test at the 0.05 significance level.