Genetic divergence and path analysis in wheat cultivars under heat stress

Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo da Silva; Andrade, Agner de Freitas; Zoz, André; Lustosa Sobrinho, Renato; Zoz, Tiago

doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5065493

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5065493 copy

Genetic divergence and path analysis in wheat cultivars under heat stress

Divergência genética e análise de trilha em cultivares de trigo sob estresse térmico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

One of the biggest limitations for the wheat crop expansion to Brazilian tropical regions is the high temperature in the rainy season. This study aimed to select, based on genetic divergence and path analysis, cultivars that tolerate cultivation in the summer (heat stress). Nine wheat cultivars were sown, using a randomized block design with three replications, with plots consisting of 10 rows of 6 m and row spacing of 0.15 m. The highest grain yield and number of ears m^-2 were observed for the CD 150 cultivar and the largest 1,000-grain weight for CD 116. BRS 220, IPR 136, IPR 144 and BRS Pardela had the highest number of sterile spikelets. The highest number of grains per ear was observed for CD 150, CD 116, BRS Pardela, IPR 130 and IPR 85, showing direct effects on grain yield, evidenced by the path analysis. CD 116 and CD 150 were the most productive cultivars and can be considered as possible parents in wheat breeding programs. IPR 85, CD 116, CD 108 and CD 150 showed a greater tolerance to high temperatures.

KEYWORDS:
Triticum aestivum ; genotypic correlations; high-temperature tolerance; wheat crop expansion

Layer	Ca	Mg	K	Al	H + Al	SB	CEC	OM	SB	Al	P	pH
cm	^{___________________________________} cmol_c dm^{-3 ___________________________________}							g dm-3	^_________ % ^_________		mg dm^-3	(CaCl)
0-20	7.01	1.17	0.71	0.00	4.96	8.89	13.85	31.97	64.19	0.00	21.29	5.10
20-40	7.10	1.93	0.75	0.00	5.76	9.78	15.54	25.49	62.93	0.00	10.40	4.90
Sand				Silt					Clay
^{____________________________________________________________________________________} g kg^{-1 ____________________________________________________________________________________}
103.0				123.4					773.6

Cultivar	Cycle	Average heading	Average maturation	Plant height	1,000-grain weight
Cultivar	Cycle	^{________________________} days ^{________________________}		cm	g
BRS 220	Medium	69	122	84	37
BRS Pardela	Medium	67	122	79	36
CD 108	Super early	52	109	67	32
CD 116	Early	62	115	77	35
CD 150	Early	59	114	68	39
IPR 130	Medium	67	118	80	39
IPR 136	Medium	67	122	80	34
IPR 144	Early	65	113	83	37
IPR 85	Early	60	113	85	47

Source of variation	^{____________________________________________________________} Mean square ^{__________________________________________________________}
Source of variation	Yield	W1000	NGE	SSE	NE	PH
Block	13,278.52	0.43	2.95	0.06	201.36	1.86
Genotype	203,564.99**	232.82**	24.07**	2.62**	18,877.98**	14.60*
Residue	10,597.01	1.38	6.52	0.47	1,846.21	4.66
Var G	64,322.66	77.15	5.85	0.72	5,677.25	3.31
h²	94.79	99.41	72.91	82.08	90.22	68.07
CVe (%)	17.01	3.82	9.58	31.46	14.44	3.86
CVg (%)	74.57	49.59	18.41	74.33	46.18	6.84
CVg/CVe	4.38	12.99	1.92	2.36	3.20	1.77

Cultivar	Yield	W1000	NGE	SSE	NE	PH
Cultivar	kg ha-1	g	NGE	SSE	NE	cm
IPR 144	317.13 d^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column belong to the same group by the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of probability.	20.10 f	24.57 b	2.80 a	376.86 b	53.50
IPR 136	330.62 d	21.43 f	21.80 b	3.27 a	229.01 d	54.50
IPR 130	426.33 d	26.07 e	27.40 a	2.07 b	314.60 c	55.33
BRS 220	477.48 d	26.47 e	24.47 b	3.47 a	311.27 c	56.33
BRS Pardela	569.13 c	31.20 d	28.40 a	2.73 a	210.11 d	53.00
IPR 85	641.73 c	43.13 b	26.93 a	1.80 b	214.56 d	57.33
CD 108	706.40 c	29.30 d	25.73 b	0.93 b	286.81 c	56.00
CD 116	866.84 b	45.43 a	29.87 a	1.47 b	282.36 c	60.33
CD 150	1,110.00 a	33.77 c	30.73 a	1.07 b	452.45 a	56.67
Mean	552.02	30.77	26.66	2.18	297.56	55.89

		NE	PH	SSE	NGE	W1000
PH	G	0.045^ns	-	-	-	-
PH	E	0.151*	-	-	-	-
SSE	G	-0.375**	-0.824**	-	-	-
SSE	E	0.215**	0.374**	-	-	-
NGE	G	0.389**	0.711**	-0.685**	-	-
NGE	E	-0.003^ns	-0.136*	-0.658**	-	-
W1000	G	-0.206**	0.987**	-0.641**	0.806**	-
W1000	E	0.055^ns	-0.472**	-0.029^ns	0.176**	-
Yield	G	0.423**	0.825**	-0.849**	0.915**	0.705**
Yield	E	-0.015^ns	-0.358**	-0.379**	0.491**	0.310**

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