Características agronômicas e produtividade de palhada de milho orgânico em consórcio com adubos verdes perenes

Arantes, Ana Carolina Costa; Fontanetti, Anastácia; Soares, Marcio Roberto; Silva Neto, Francisco José da; Próspero, Alexandre Gonçalves

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4641054

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 46 (3) • Jul-Sep 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4641054 copiar

Características agronômicas e produtividade de palhada de milho orgânico em consórcio com adubos verdes perenes

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O consórcio de milho com adubo verde perene é uma opção para promover a cobertura do solo, controlar plantas espontâneas e reciclar nutrientes do solo, em sistema orgânico. Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas e produtividade de grãos e de palhada de milho orgânico em consórcio com adubos verdes perenes, semeados em diferentes estádios fenológicos do milho. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 3 x 2 + 1, com três espécies perenes de adubos verdes - calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), puerária [Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth] e soja-perene [Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey] - e duas épocas de semeadura dos adubos verdes - estádios V4 (quatro folhas expandidas) e VT (pendoamento) do milho - mais um tratamento controle (milho em monocultivo). Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a cobertura do solo, produção de massa seca dos adubos verdes e das plantas espontâneas e variáveis de crescimento e produção do milho. A semeadura dos adubos verdes, no estádio V4, proporcionou maior porcentagem de cobertura do solo, em relação ao VT. O calopogônio, quando comparado aos demais adubos verdes, apresentou maior porcentagem de cobertura do solo (35,63 %) e massa seca (1,0 Mg ha^-1). Os adubos verdes perenes cultivados em consórcio com milho não interferiram no crescimento, produtividade de grãos e palhada do milho. Porém, não foram eficientes na supressão das plantas espontâneas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Zea mays L.; Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.; Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth; Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey

Months	Radiation (MJ m^-2)		Rainfall (mm)		Temperature (ºC)
Months	Total	Average	Total	Average	Minimum	Maximum	Average
Dec./2014	631.9	20.4	218.6	7.0	18.4	31.0	24.7
Jan./2015	691.3	22.3	121.8	3.9	19.9	33.3	26.6
Feb./2015	557.6	19.9	245.4	8.7	18.6	30.7	24.6
Mar./2015	513.4	16.6	173.4	5.6	18.1	28.7	23.4
Apr./2015	544.4	18.1	11.2	0.4	16.2	29.9	23.1
May/2015	405.2	13.1	67.0	2.2	14.1	25.8	20.0
Jun./2015	404.0	13.0	26.2	0.9	13.6	25.3	19.5
Jul./2015	355.4	11.5	12.1	0.4	13.8	24.9	19.3

Green manure	Dry matter (kg ha^-1)		Soil coverage (%)
Green manure	V4	VT	V4	VT
Calopogonium	1,002.0 Aa¹ 1 Means followed by the same uppercase letter, in the columns, and lowercase letters, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	257.6 Ab	35.6 Aa	11.8 Ab
Tropical kudzu	278.8 Ba	62.4 Aa	19.7 Ba	7.4 Ab
Perennial soy	161.6 Ba	81.2 Aa	14.5 Ba	5.0 Ab
CV (%)	60.5		32.7

Green manure stage	Final stand (plant ha^-1)	Weight of 100 grains (g)
V4	69,814.8 a¹ 1 Means followed by the same letter, in the columns, do not differ statistically by the Tukey test at 5 %.	31.5 b
VT	61,481.5 b	32.9 a
CV (%)	9.9	4.8
Average	65,648.1	32.2

Contrast	Final stand (plant ha^-1)	Prolificacy	Weight of 100 grains (g)
Calopogonium V4	72,777.8^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.21^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	32.16^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Calopogonium VT	58,888.9^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.23^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	32.98^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Tropical kudzu V4	70,000.0^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.17^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	30.75^** , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Tropical kudzu VT	62,777.8^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.23^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	32.21^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Perennial soy V4	66,666.7^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.26^** , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	31.65^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Perennial soy VT	62,777.8^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.29^** , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	33.48^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Maize monoculture	64,444.4	1.07	34.54

Escola de Agronomia/UFG Caixa Postal 131 - Campus II, 74001-970 Goiânia-GO / Brasil, 55 62 3521-1552 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
E-mail: revistapat.agro@ufg.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[TFN1] Source: Universidade Federal de São Carlos.

Contrast	Final stand (plant ha^-1)	Prolificacy	Weight of 100 grains (g)
Calopogonium V4	72,777.8^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.21^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	32.16^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Calopogonium VT	58,888.9^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.23^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	32.98^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Tropical kudzu V4	70,000.0^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.17^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	30.75^** , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Tropical kudzu VT	62,777.8^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.23^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	32.21^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Perennial soy V4	66,666.7^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.26^** , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	31.65^* , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Perennial soy VT	62,777.8^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	1.29^** , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.	33.48^ns , * and ns Significant at 5 % and 1 % and non-significant, respectively, according to the F test.
Maize monoculture	64,444.4	1.07	34.54