Paclobutrazol in the flowering management affects the quality of <i>Malpighia emarginata</i> fruits

Sousa, Erivan dos Santos; Lobo, Jackson Teixeira; Carreiro, Daniel de Almeida; Dias, Dayanne do Nascimento; Sanches, Luciana Guimarães; Cavalcante, Ítalo Herbert Lucena

doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5062805

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5062805 copy

Paclobutrazol in the flowering management affects the quality of Malpighia emarginata fruits

Paclobutrazol no manejo da floração afeta a qualidade de frutos de Malpighia emarginata

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Floral management using the growth regulator paclobutrazol may be an alternative for promoting the uniformity of flowering and fruiting in West Indian cherry (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) plants. However, the effects of its use on fruit quality are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol doses on the fruit quality of M. emarginata. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, with three replications and three plants per plot, with the studied factors consisting of two M. emarginata cultivars ('Junko' and 'Flor Branca') and five paclobutrazol doses (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g a.i. m^-1 of canopy diameter). The following variables were evaluated: fruit mass, fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters, pH, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and vitamin C content. The use of paclobutrazol, to some extent, promoted the increase of fruit mass, longitudinal diameter and soluble solids contents. The 'Junko' cultivar presented a higher vitamin C content than that for 'Flor Branca', and the maximum vitamin C contents were obtained with the paclobutrazol doses of 0.64 and 0.81 g a.i. m^-1, respectively for the 'Junko' and 'Flor Branca' cultivars. None of the studied factors promoted differences for pH and fruit acidity.

KEYWORDS:
West Indian cherry; floral induction; growth regulator

Soil characteristics	Value
Soil characteristics	0-20 cm	20-40 cm
pH (H₂O)	6.20	5.40
Ca²⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	2.10	2.00
Mg²⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	1.40	1.20
Al³⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.00	0.00
K⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.74	0.63
Na⁺ (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.11	0.19
P (mg dm^-3)	207.00	58.00
Organic matter (%)	0.56	0.53
Sand (g kg^-1)	95.00	11.00
Silt (g kg^-1)	32.00	60.00
Clay (g kg^-1)	870.00	774.00

Source of variation	FM	TD	LD	pH	SS	TA	SS/TA	Vitamin C
Source of variation	g	^{______________} mm ^{_____________}		pH	ºBrix	g 100 g^-1	SS/TA	mg 100 g^-1
Cultivar (C)	25.04^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.	33.45^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.	60.73^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.34^ns ns Not significant;	2.63^ns ns Not significant;	3.03^ns ns Not significant;	10.25^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.	30.91^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.
'Junko'	7.67 a	24.92 a	21.40 a	3.15	6.39	1.24	5.17 b	1,842.03 a
'Flor Branca'	5.67 b	21.61 b	18.52 b	3.17	6.92	1.11	6.41 a	1,372.81 b
PBZ (P)	1.24^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.	1.79^ns ns Not significant;	1.25^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.	1.67^ns ns Not significant;	0.42^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.21^ns ns Not significant;	0.55^ns ns Not significant;	2.82^ns ns Not significant;
C x P	0.85^ns ns Not significant;	1.21^ns ns Not significant;	0.51^ns ns Not significant;	1.46^ns ns Not significant;	1.10^ns ns Not significant;	0.18^ns ns Not significant;	0.35^ns ns Not significant;	0.35^* * significant at 5 % of probability (p < 0.05). Means with distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the F test. CV: coefficient of variation.
CV (%)	16.35	6.72	5.08	3.06	13.48	17.32	18.34	14.38

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