Dry matter production and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in <i>Crotalaria juncea</i> and <i>Crotalaria spectabilis</i>

Barbosa, Izabela Richena; Santana, Rafaela Silva; Mauad, Munir; Garcia, Rodrigo Arroyo

doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5061011

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5061011 copy

Dry matter production and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis

Produção de matéria seca e marcha de absorção de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio em Crotalaria juncea e Crotalaria spectabilis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

There are several benefits in the cultivation of Crotalaria spp., including high levels of biomass production and N accumulation, nutrient cycling and antagonistic activity against some nematodes. However, information on nutritional demand is still scarce for these species. This study aimed to determine the dry matter production and macronutrient uptake in shoots of Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. Two experiments (one for each species) were carried out in a randomized block design, with three replications, assessing thirteen harvest times for C. juncea and ten for C. spectabilis. After each harvest, the samples were dried, weighed and submitted to laboratory analysis, in order to determine the nutrient contents in different parts of the plant. The nutrient accumulation on the shoots, for both species, occurred in the order K > N > P, being the stem the main organ of nutrient accumulation. Also for both species, the export of nutrients by the grains followed the order N > K > P. The maximum dry matter accumulation occurred at 135 and 104 days after emergence (DAE), respectively for C. juncea and C. spectabilis, while the production of viable seeds, in both species, had already begun at 90 DAE.

KEYWORDS:
Green manure; nutrient accumulation; phytomass

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.			IP (X0 - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	b	IP (X0 - b)
	(Mg ha^-1)	____________________________________ DAE ____________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	2.28	108.44	41.90	66.54	0.8438^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	10.19	142.24	47.23	95.01	0.8904^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	1.12	130.46	28.38	102.08	0.9462^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	1.27	134.05	30.09	103.96	0.9638^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	14.20	135.39	44.89	90.50	0.9395^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	0.60	72.10	32.91	39.19	0.8746^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	5.82	94.99	33.06	61.93	0.8042^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	1.55	129.55	25.89	103.66	0.9552^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	0.93	135.87	13.67	122.20	0.9611^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	7.14	104.41	39.76	64.65	0.8743^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.			IP (X₀ - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	b	IP (X₀ - b)
	(kg ha^-1)	____________________________________ DAE ____________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	77.07	96.34	45.76	50.58	0.8626**
Stem	163.58	124.25	50.92	73.33	0.8580**
Pod	22.47	119.09	27.42	91.67	0.8800**
Grain	55.50	130.44	27.52	102.92	0.9608**
Entire plant	299.98	118.89	45.50	73.39	0.9228**
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	26.22	66.48	31.01	35.47	0.8688**
Stem	121.58	89.38	30.64	58.74	0.8830**
Pod	20.17	114.24	22.78	91.46	0.9030**
Grain	36.27	135.13	13.91	121.22	0.9522**
Entire plant	154.34	95.32	37.84	57.48	0.9260**

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.			IP (X₀ - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	b	IP (X₀ - b)
	(kg ha^-1)	__________________________________ DAE __________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	9.10	100.47	49.36	51.11	0.7768^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	17.82	119.47	45.06	74.41	0.8932^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	4.09	120.40	23.34	97.06	0.9384^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	7.76	125.73	25.93	99.80	0.9571^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	37.50	116.67	40.83	75.84	0.9098^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	2.20	65.17	32.05	33.12	0.8272^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	11.96	84.54	27.47	57.07	0.9145^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	5.28	114.27	19.43	94.84	0.9722^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	5.68	133.70	14.36	119.34	0.9640^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	16.64	99.15	38.14	61.01	0.9787^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease. ** Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.			IP (X0 - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	B	IP (X0 - b)
	(kg ha-1)	____________________________________ DAE ____________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	47.53	98.29	46.64	51.65	0.8175^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	288.56	128.54	48.68	79.86	0.8494^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	24.25	126.69	27.45	99.24	0.9128^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	15.23	129.97	29.25	100.72	0.9605^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	364.25	124.89	47.16	77.73	0.8919^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	14.89	64.97	31.87	33.10	0.9173^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	186.97	83.46	28.63	54.83	0.8728^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	35.09	128.27	24.35	103.92	0.9634^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	16.36	136.37	13.54	122.83	0.9771^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	198.97	90.04	36.23	53.81	0.8412^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.

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[TFN1] ¹
a: maximum accumulation value; X₀: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.

[TFN2] ^**
Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.