Produção de matéria seca e marcha de absorção de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio em <i>Crotalaria juncea</i> e <i>Crotalaria spectabilis</i>

Barbosa, Izabela Richena; Santana, Rafaela Silva; Mauad, Munir; Garcia, Rodrigo Arroyo

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5061011 copiar

Produção de matéria seca e marcha de absorção de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio em Crotalaria juncea e Crotalaria spectabilis

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Inúmeros são os benefícios do cultivo de Crotalaria spp., dentre os quais destacam-se a alta produção de biomassa e acúmulo de N, ciclagem de nutrientes e ação antagônica sobre alguns nematoides. Entretanto, informações sobre a exigência nutricional para essas espécies ainda são escassas. Objetivou-se determinar a produção de matéria seca e a marcha de absorção de macronutrientes na parte aérea de Crotalaria juncea e Crotalaria spectabilis. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos (um para cada espécie) em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, testando-se treze épocas de colheita para C. juncea e dez para C. spectabilis. Após cada colheita, as amostras foram secas, pesadas e submetidas a análise laboratorial, para determinação dos teores de nutrientes em diferentes partes da planta. O acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea, para ambas as espécies, ocorreu na ordem K > N > P, sendo o caule o principal órgão de acúmulo de nutrientes. Também para ambas as espécies, a exportação de nutrientes pelos grãos seguiu a ordem N > K > P. O máximo acúmulo de matéria seca ocorreu aos 135 e 104 dias após a emergência (DAE), respectivamente para C. juncea e C. spectabilis, enquanto a produção de sementes viáveis, em ambas as espécies, já havia se iniciado aos 90 DAE.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Adubo verde; acúmulo de nutrientes; fitomassa

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.			IP (X0 - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	b	IP (X0 - b)
	(Mg ha^-1)	____________________________________ DAE ____________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	2.28	108.44	41.90	66.54	0.8438^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	10.19	142.24	47.23	95.01	0.8904^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	1.12	130.46	28.38	102.08	0.9462^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	1.27	134.05	30.09	103.96	0.9638^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	14.20	135.39	44.89	90.50	0.9395^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	0.60	72.10	32.91	39.19	0.8746^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	5.82	94.99	33.06	61.93	0.8042^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	1.55	129.55	25.89	103.66	0.9552^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	0.93	135.87	13.67	122.20	0.9611^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	7.14	104.41	39.76	64.65	0.8743^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.			IP (X₀ - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	b	IP (X₀ - b)
	(kg ha^-1)	____________________________________ DAE ____________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	77.07	96.34	45.76	50.58	0.8626**
Stem	163.58	124.25	50.92	73.33	0.8580**
Pod	22.47	119.09	27.42	91.67	0.8800**
Grain	55.50	130.44	27.52	102.92	0.9608**
Entire plant	299.98	118.89	45.50	73.39	0.9228**
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	26.22	66.48	31.01	35.47	0.8688**
Stem	121.58	89.38	30.64	58.74	0.8830**
Pod	20.17	114.24	22.78	91.46	0.9030**
Grain	36.27	135.13	13.91	121.22	0.9522**
Entire plant	154.34	95.32	37.84	57.48	0.9260**

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.			IP (X₀ - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	b	IP (X₀ - b)
	(kg ha^-1)	__________________________________ DAE __________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	9.10	100.47	49.36	51.11	0.7768^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	17.82	119.47	45.06	74.41	0.8932^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	4.09	120.40	23.34	97.06	0.9384^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	7.76	125.73	25.93	99.80	0.9571^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	37.50	116.67	40.83	75.84	0.9098^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	2.20	65.17	32.05	33.12	0.8272^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	11.96	84.54	27.47	57.07	0.9145^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	5.28	114.27	19.43	94.84	0.9722^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	5.68	133.70	14.36	119.34	0.9640^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	16.64	99.15	38.14	61.01	0.9787^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.

Part of the plant	Estimates¹ 1 a: maximum accumulation value; X0: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease. ** Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.			IP (X0 - b)	Adjusted R²
	a	X₀	B	IP (X0 - b)
	(kg ha-1)	____________________________________ DAE ____________________________________
Crotalaria juncea
Leaf	47.53	98.29	46.64	51.65	0.8175^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	288.56	128.54	48.68	79.86	0.8494^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	24.25	126.69	27.45	99.24	0.9128^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	15.23	129.97	29.25	100.72	0.9605^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	364.25	124.89	47.16	77.73	0.8919^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Crotalaria spectabilis
Leaf	14.89	64.97	31.87	33.10	0.9173^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Stem	186.97	83.46	28.63	54.83	0.8728^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Pod	35.09	128.27	24.35	103.92	0.9634^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Grain	16.36	136.37	13.54	122.83	0.9771^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.
Entire plant	198.97	90.04	36.23	53.81	0.8412^ Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.

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[TFN1] ¹
a: maximum accumulation value; X₀: x value in days after emergence (DAE) that provides the maximum in a; b: amplitude in the x value (in DAE) between the inflection point and the maximum point; IP: x value (in DAE) in which the daily accumulation rate, although positive, starts to decrease.

[TFN2] ^**
Significant values for the F-test at 1 % of probability.